近期關於組織目標的研究指出，傳統以營利為目的的公司，隨著政府與大眾對於社會議題的日益關注而開始履行企業社會責任；另一方面，傳統以解決社會問題為目的的非營利組織，為了處理資金問題而開始從事營利行為。因為營利與非營利組織的分界開始模糊，各種混合型態的組織跟著出現，構成了一個組織目標的光譜。然而，這個概念上的目標光譜並不容易呈現，目前針對社會價值的創造(Social Value Creation，簡稱SVC)在量化上的分析成果亦有限。本研究從產業經濟學的混合寡占理論出發，提出一個「SVC投資市場」以衡量組織對於社會價值的重視程度，並使用觀察到的資料描繪出SVC投資市場中的需求。再透過組織目標函數的設定以及在市場中競爭的結果，推估組織考量社會價值的比重，找出組織在目標光譜中的位置。本研究針對台灣上市公司的企業社會責任報告書資料以及財報資料進行分析後發現，目前台灣上市公司的消費者並不太重視公司的SVC活動。政府若欲提升公司對於SVC的重視程度，可以嘗試藉由改變消費者的購買決策來影響公司的目標決策。

Most work that is done within machine learning today uses statistical methods which assume that the data is identically and independently distributed. However, the problem domains that we face in the real world are often much more complicated and present both complex relational/logical parts as well as parts with uncertainty. Statistical relational learning (SRL) is a sub-field of machine learning and A.I. that tries to solve these limitations by combining both relational and statistical learning and has become a big research sector in recent years. This thesis will present SRL further and specifically introduce, test and review one of the implementations, namely Bayesian logic programs. / Idag används inom maskininlärning nästan alltid statistiska metoder som antar att datat för lärande är identiskt och oberoende distribuerat. Men de problemområden som vi står inför i den verkliga världen är ofta mycket mer komplicerade och har både komplexa relationella/logiska delar samt osäkerhet. Statistiskt relationslärande (SRL) är en del av maskininlärning och A.I. som försöker lösa dessa begränsningar genom att kombinera både relationer och statistiskt lärande och har på senare år blivit ett stort forskningsområde. Denna avhandling presenterar SRL mer i detalj och utreder och testar en specifik implementation, Bayesianska logikprogram.

The Education White Paper 6 has set South Africa on the course for implementing a policy of inclusive education and participation in its schools. It is argued that an essential criterion to establish the congruency between the inclusive education and participation policy and its implementation is the academic self-concept (ASC) of learners. The ASC is influenced by context, thereby including all the systems which contribute to context, such as the education, school, class and social systems. As the product of different factors in various systems, the ASC may have significant diagnostic value in a school and class system. For this study, the ASC of learners with hearing impairment (HI), as an example of an impairment to be included in schools, was explored, involving two public school contexts: special and full-service inclusion schools. The research design incorporated a multi- and mixed method design, as quantitative data, to measure, describe and analyse the nature of the ASC of learners with HI, was augmented with qualitative data, to further explore the nature of the relation between the ASC and HI, especially in respect of the dynamics of the ASC. The investigation entailed developing and administering ASC questionnaires to Grade Seven learners with and without HI in special and full-service inclusion schools, observing classroom interactions, conducting interviews with the principals, educators and learners with HI, and collecting background information on the learners with HI. In answer to the main research question, What is the ASC of Grade Seven learners with HI in the contexts of special and full-service inclusion schools?, the data suggested that school context (full-service inclusion or special schools) did not play a primary role in influencing the ASC of learners with HI. The first sub-question related to the role HI plays in the ASC of Grade Seven learners in the two school contexts. The results suggested that HI greatly influenced the first language ASC (LASC) of the learners with HI in the special school and one of the full-service schools. HI did not seem to play a strong role in the mathematics ASC (MASC) of learners with HI, provided that there was adequate and effective support for the learners with HI. The second sub-question addressed the outcome(s) related to the ASC of Grade Seven learners with HI, which could be regarded as indicative of the successful conversion of primary schools to full-service inclusion schools. The results suggested that a general ASC (GASC) and LASC which are moderately lower than the GASC and LASC of the learners with no HI, and a MASC that is similar to the MASC of the learners with no HI, is acceptable. The third sub-question addressed guidelines to improve the conversion of primary schools to full-service inclusion schools. From the data, early identification of HI, appropriate technical and early specialised learning support, and the accessibility and knowledge of educators appeared to contribute the most to the ASC of learners with HI. Understanding some of the functional and accidental limitations of the research places the findings and conclusions in perspective. / Thesis (PhD (Educational Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-03-20T14:01:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VALÉRIO DE ARAÚJO GOMES - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEQ 2007..pdf: 2306567 bytes, checksum: aa927c50f8346bfbe8e90901136c65fe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-20T14:01:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VALÉRIO DE ARAÚJO GOMES - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEQ 2007..pdf: 2306567 bytes, checksum: aa927c50f8346bfbe8e90901136c65fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / A determinação de concentração de poluentes lançados na atmosfera é um elemento importante na previsão de impactos ambientais causados por emissões de efluentes industriais, sendo fundamental na avaliação de viabilidade de novas plantas, ou mesmo para plantas existentes. Em função da ampliação dos parques industriais e da aproximação dos centros urbanos, cada vez mais fica evidente a necessidade de dispor de dados de simulações da qualidade do ar, para tomar decisões em relação ao tipo de tratamento dos efluentes gasosos, posicionamento de plantas, projetos de chaminés (altura), e principalmente do tipo de controle e processo que será necessário para minimizar as concentrações lançadas no meio ambiente. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo, principalmente, desenvolver uma rotina aplicada as emissões de fluoreto gasoso proveniente de reduções eletrolíticas de alumínio. A referência adotada foi o modelo desenvolvido pela Environmental Research & Technology Inc. chamado BLP – Buoyant Line and Point Source (modelo fundamentado na distribuição gaussiana), aplicando algumas considerações específicas. A implementação foi realizada utilizando o Mathcad 11 Enterprise Edition. Posteriormente ao desenvolvimento foram feitas várias simulações com informações coletadas pelo programa de monitoramento de fontes estacionárias da Alumar e comparados com os dados coletados na estação de monitoramento contínuo de qualidade do ar localizada na vila de Coqueiro (intermediações do limite da fábrica, 2,500 Km). Complementarmente, também foi realizada uma simulação para comparar o resultado do modelo proposto com os resultados do CALPUFF (software comercial referendado pela EPA – Environmental Protection Agency) que foi utilizado durante a elaboração do estudo de impacto ambiental da complementação da sala de cubas – linha 3. O modelo proposto apresentou uma correlação de 82% com os dados históricos coletados na estação localizada na vila de Coqueiro e um erro de 4,35% quando comparado com as simulações do CALPUFF. / The determination of the pollutants concentration released into the atmosphere is an important element in the prediction of environmental impacts caused by emissions from industrial effluents, being fundamental in the feasibility evaluation of new plants, or even for existing plants. Due to the industrial parks expansion and the approximation of urban centers, it is increasingly evident that there is a need for air quality simulation data to make decisions regarding the type of treatment of gaseous effluents, plant positioning, chimneys dimensions (height), and especially of the type of control and process that will be necessary to minimize the concentrations released in the environment. The main objective of this work was to develop a routine applied to the emission of gaseous fluoride from electrolytic smelting of aluminum. The reference adopted was the model developed by Environmental Research & Technology Inc called BLP - Buoyant Line and Point Source (model based on the Gaussian distribution), applying some specific considerations. The implementation was performed using Mathcad 11 Enterprise Edition. After the development, several simulations were carried out with information collected by Alumar's stationary source monitoring program and compared to the data collected at the continuous air quality monitoring station located in the village of Coqueiro (distant 2,500 km). In addition, simulations were also carried out to compare the results of the proposed model with the results from CALPUFF (commercial software endorsed by the EPA - Environmental Protection Agency) that was used during the elaboration of the environmental impact study of the complementation of the potroom - line 3. The proposed model presented a correlation of 82% with the historical data collected at the station located in the village of Coqueiro and an error of 4.35% when compared to the simulations of the CALPUFF.

While task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has helped us understand the functional role of many regions in the human brain, many diseases and complex behaviors defy explanation. Alternatively, if no task is performed, the fMRI signal between distant, anatomically connected, brain regions is similar over time. These correlations in “resting state” fMRI have been strongly linked to behavior and disease. Previous work primarily calculated correlation in entire fMRI runs of six minutes or more, making understanding the neural underpinnings of these fluctuations difficult. Recently, coordinated dynamic activity on shorter time scales has been observed in resting state fMRI: correlation calculated in comparatively short sliding windows and quasi-periodic (periodic but not constantly active) spatiotemporal patterns. However, little relevance to behavior or underlying neural activity has been demonstrated. This dissertation addresses this problem, first by using 12.3 second windows to demonstrate a behavior-fMRI relationship previously only observed in entire fMRI runs. Second, simultaneous recording of fMRI and electrical signals from the brains of anesthetized rats is used to demonstrate that both types of dynamic activity have strong correlates in electrophysiology. Very slow neural signals correspond to the quasi-periodic patterns, supporting the idea that low-frequency activity organizes large scale information transfer in the brain. This work both validates the use of dynamic analysis of resting state fMRI, and provides a starting point for the investigation of the systemic basis of many neuropsychiatric diseases.