Diss. (sammanfattning) Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2008. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Pneumocystis é um importante patógeno oportunista que pode causar um quadro de pneumonia intersticial fatal em animais infectados por alguma doença imunodepressora. Pneumocystis sp. tem sido identificado em suínos domésticos e selvagens coinfectados com o circovírus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2) que desenvolvem a síndrome multissistêmica do definhamento dos suínos (SMDS). O presente trabalho analisou 78 javalis (Sus scrofa) com histórico de SMDS procedentes de 6 diferentes propriedades com sistema de confinamento intensivo no Rio Grande do Sul no período de março de 2006 a junho de 2008. Amostras de tecido pulmonar de seis javalis que não desenvolveram clinicamente a SMDS, assim como, amostras de suínos procedentes de abatedouros dos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Mato Grosso foram incluídas nas análises molecular e filogenética do trabalho. O teste de imunohistoquímica (IHQ) para a detecção de Pneumocystis sp. foi positivo em 50% dos pulmões analisados. A IHQ para a detecção de PCV2 foi positiva em 37% dos animais, sendo que o linfonodo mesentérico foi o órgão que apresentou maior grau de marcação positiva. Coinfecção entre Pneumocystis sp. e PCV2 foi confirmada pela IHQ em 20,5% dos javalis. O teste de nested-PCR dos genes mtLSU rRNA e mtSSU rRNA identificou a presença de material genético de Pneumocystis sp. em pulmões de javalis que desenvolveram a SMDS e em pulmões de javalis que não apresentaram clinicamente a doença, sugerindo que somente a presença de Pneumocystis sp. não se caracteriza como causa suficiente para o desenvolvimento de pneumonia intersticial. Identificou-se pela análise filogenética que javalis e suínos no Brasil são afetados pela mesma espécie de Pneumocystis sp. e que esta subdividese em dois grupos distintos. / Pneumocystis is an important opportunistic pathogen that may cause lethal interstitial pneumonia in infected animals due to some immunosuppressive disease. Pneumocystis sp. has been found in domestic and feral swine co infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) that developed the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). This study analyzed 78 wild boars (Sus scrofa) with PMWS background from 6 different farms with intensive confinement system in Rio Grande do Sul from March 2006 to June 2008. The lung tissue samples of six wild boars that did not develop PMWS, as well as the swine samples from slaughterhouses in Rio Grande do Sul and Mato Grosso were included in the molecular and phylogenetic analyses of this study. The immunohistochemistry test (IHC) for detection of Pneumocystis sp. was positive in 50% of the analyzed lungs. The IHC for PCV2 detection was positive in 37% of the animals and the mesenteric lymph node was the organ with the highest degree of positive staining. Co infection in Pneumocystis sp. and PCV2 was confirmed by IHC in 20.5% of wild boars. The nested-PCR test of the mtLSU rRNA and mtSSU rRNA genes identified the presence of genetic material of Pneumocystis sp. in lungs of wild boars that developed the PWMS and in wild boars that did not presented clinical disease, which may mean that only the presence of Pneumocystis sp. was not characterized as sufficient cause to interstitial pneumonia development. Through phylogenetic analysis it has been identified that wild boars and swine in Brazil are affected by the same specie of Pneumocystis sp. and its subdivision in two different groups.

Pneumocystis é um importante patógeno oportunista que pode causar um quadro de pneumonia intersticial fatal em animais infectados por alguma doença imunodepressora. Pneumocystis sp. tem sido identificado em suínos domésticos e selvagens coinfectados com o circovírus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2) que desenvolvem a síndrome multissistêmica do definhamento dos suínos (SMDS). O presente trabalho analisou 78 javalis (Sus scrofa) com histórico de SMDS procedentes de 6 diferentes propriedades com sistema de confinamento intensivo no Rio Grande do Sul no período de março de 2006 a junho de 2008. Amostras de tecido pulmonar de seis javalis que não desenvolveram clinicamente a SMDS, assim como, amostras de suínos procedentes de abatedouros dos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Mato Grosso foram incluídas nas análises molecular e filogenética do trabalho. O teste de imunohistoquímica (IHQ) para a detecção de Pneumocystis sp. foi positivo em 50% dos pulmões analisados. A IHQ para a detecção de PCV2 foi positiva em 37% dos animais, sendo que o linfonodo mesentérico foi o órgão que apresentou maior grau de marcação positiva. Coinfecção entre Pneumocystis sp. e PCV2 foi confirmada pela IHQ em 20,5% dos javalis. O teste de nested-PCR dos genes mtLSU rRNA e mtSSU rRNA identificou a presença de material genético de Pneumocystis sp. em pulmões de javalis que desenvolveram a SMDS e em pulmões de javalis que não apresentaram clinicamente a doença, sugerindo que somente a presença de Pneumocystis sp. não se caracteriza como causa suficiente para o desenvolvimento de pneumonia intersticial. Identificou-se pela análise filogenética que javalis e suínos no Brasil são afetados pela mesma espécie de Pneumocystis sp. e que esta subdividese em dois grupos distintos. / Pneumocystis is an important opportunistic pathogen that may cause lethal interstitial pneumonia in infected animals due to some immunosuppressive disease. Pneumocystis sp. has been found in domestic and feral swine co infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) that developed the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). This study analyzed 78 wild boars (Sus scrofa) with PMWS background from 6 different farms with intensive confinement system in Rio Grande do Sul from March 2006 to June 2008. The lung tissue samples of six wild boars that did not develop PMWS, as well as the swine samples from slaughterhouses in Rio Grande do Sul and Mato Grosso were included in the molecular and phylogenetic analyses of this study. The immunohistochemistry test (IHC) for detection of Pneumocystis sp. was positive in 50% of the analyzed lungs. The IHC for PCV2 detection was positive in 37% of the animals and the mesenteric lymph node was the organ with the highest degree of positive staining. Co infection in Pneumocystis sp. and PCV2 was confirmed by IHC in 20.5% of wild boars. The nested-PCR test of the mtLSU rRNA and mtSSU rRNA genes identified the presence of genetic material of Pneumocystis sp. in lungs of wild boars that developed the PWMS and in wild boars that did not presented clinical disease, which may mean that only the presence of Pneumocystis sp. was not characterized as sufficient cause to interstitial pneumonia development. Through phylogenetic analysis it has been identified that wild boars and swine in Brazil are affected by the same specie of Pneumocystis sp. and its subdivision in two different groups.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:59:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gonzalescadavid_v_me_jabo.pdf: 429592 bytes, checksum: 2cf62512218e0651d7acdf97deb6dd74 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O experimento foi realizado em uma suinocultura de produção comercial da linhagem Topigs, utilizando dez machos reprodutores, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito das suplementações intramusculares com vitaminas e minerais (Selen- Fos® e Zimag®) na qualidade espermática do sêmen in natura e após a congelação. Foram realizadas duas análises estatísticas: Multivariada para descrição das alterações observadas; ANOVA utilizando o modelo inteiramente casualizado. As variáveis seminais analisadas foram: volume, concentração, turbilhonamento, motilidade, vigor, porcentagem de espermatozóides vivos, mortos, e vivos sem acrossomo, morfologia e integridade da membrana (Teste hiposmótico). O experimento foi dividido em duas fases. Na primeira fase o sêmen in natura dos 10 cachaços foi avaliado e posteriormente congelado. Uma vez terminada esta fase iniciou-se a segunda fase onde sete animais receberam as suplementações com vitaminas e minerais via intravenosa e três permaneceram sem recebê-las. Após um período de 60 dias contados a partir do dia da administração das vitaminas e dos minerais se iniciaram novamente as coletas de sêmen e as avaliações tanto in natura como o descongelado. O sêmen in natura apresentou melhor qualidade espermática quando comparado com o sêmen descongelado e o sêmen dos cachaços que receberam as suplementações tiveram melhora (p 0,05) significativa na qualidade do sêmen e na criotolerância / The experiment was conducted in a commercial swine production using ten boars of Topigs® line. The aim was to evaluate the effect of intramuscular supplementation of vitamins and minerals (Selen-Fos® and Zimag®) on fresh semen quality and after freezing. Two statistical analysis were used: multivariate description of the observed changes and ANOVA with randomized design. Analyzed seminal variables were: concentration, turbilhamento, motility, vigor, percentage of live sperm, dead and alive without acrosome, morphology and membrane integrity (HO). The experiment was divided into two phases. In the first phase, the fresh semen of 10 boars was evaluated and subsequently frozen. About three days after the freezing process, the semen was thawed and the quality was assessed. After this in the second phase, seven boars received intramuscular supplementation of minerals and vitamins and three boars received without the supplementation for control. About 60 days later, all these boars were submitted to semen collection and the semen was again evaluated both, fresh and thawed. The fresh semen showed better quality than the frozenthawed in the two phases of the experiment (p< 0,05). The semen of boars that received the supplementation had a significant improvement on semen quality and freezing resistant (p< 0,05)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:17:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 guazzelli_a_me_botfmvz.pdf: 415224 bytes, checksum: 21f876feebee52f17c73bdef5ce2ef0c (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A rodococose suína compreende doença infecciosa caracterizada por linfadenites piogranulomatosas. Diferentes fatores de virulência são reconhecidos na patogenicidade de Rhodococcus equi. A estrutura da parede celular bacteriana, a viabilidade no interior de fagócitos e na ausência de ferro, a produção de citotoxinas, a resistência aos antimicrobianos convencionais e, recentemente, a presença de proteínas associadas à virulência (Vap) reguladas por plasmídios, são considerados os principais mecanismos de virulência do microrganismo. Diferentes fatores de virulência foram avaliados em 23 (6,1%) linhagens de R. equi isoladas de 378 linfonodos submandibulares e mesentéricos de suínos e javalis (Sus scrofa). Foram realizados exames microbiológicos em 129 linfonodos apresentando lesões (linfadenite) e 129 sem lesões (controle) de suínos, e 60 linfonodos com lesões e 60 sem lesões de javalis. Dentre as 23 linhagens de R. equi, 19 (7,4%) foram isoladas de suínos, das quais 17 obtidas de linfonodos com lesões e duas sem lesões. Das 19 linhagens de suínos, 18 (94,7%) foram obtidos de linfonodos submandibulares e um (5,3%) de mesentérico. As quatro (3.3%) linhagens de R. equi isoladas de javalis foram obtidas exclusivamente de linfonodos com lesões. Destes, três foram obtidos de linfonodos submandibulares e um de mesentérico. Dentre nove antimicrobianos testados, azitromicina (100,0%), gentamicina (100,0%), levofloxacina (100,0%), vancomicina (100,0%), amoxicillina/ácido clavulânico (94,7%), eritromicina (94,7%) e rifampicina (94,7%) foram os fármacos mais efetivos. Baixa ocorrência de resistência aos antimicrobianos nos isolados de suínos foi observada contra os fármacos testados. A concentração inibitória mínima (MIC90) da azitromicina, eritromicina e rifampicina foi observada, respectivamente, em ≤2 µg/mL, ≤0,5 µg/mL and ≤1 µg/mL... / The rhodococcosis in swine comprise an infectious disease characterized by pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis. Different virulence factors are recognized in pathogenicity of the Rhodococcus equi. The structure of bacterial cell wall, the viability inside of phagocytes and in absence of iron, the production of cytotoxins, the resistance to conventional antimicrobials and recently, the presence of proteins associated to virulence (Vap) regulated by plasmids, are considered the most important virulence mechanisms of microorganism. Different virulence factors were evaluated in 23 (6.1%) R. equi strains isolated from 378 submandibular and mesenteric lymph nodes of swine and wild boars (Sus scrofa). Microbiological exams were performed in 129 lymph nodes presenting lesions (lymphadenitis) and 129 without lesions (controls) from swine, and 60 lymph nodes with lesions and 60 without lesions from wild boars. Among 23 R. equi strains, 19 (7.4%) were isolated from swine and, from these, 17 were obtained from lymph nodes with lesions and two without lesions. From 19 strains isolated from swine, 18 (94.7%) were obtained of submandibular lymph nodes and one (5.3%) from mesenteric. The four (3.3%) R. equi strains isolated from wild boars were obtained exclusively of lymph nodes presenting lesions. From these, three were obtained from submandibular lymph nodes and one of mesenteric. Among nine antimicrobials tested, azithromycin (100.0%), gentamicin (100.0%), levofloxacin (100.0%), vancomycin (100.0%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (94.7%), erythromycin (94.7%) and rifampin (94.7%) were the most–effective drugs. Low rates of resistance to antimicrobials in swine isolates were observed against drugs tested. The inhibitory minimal concentration of 90% of isolates (MIC90) with use of azithromycin, erythromycin and rifampin were observed respectively in 2 μg/mL, 0.5 μg/mL and 1 μg /mL... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

abstract: The medieval bestiary is often simply described as a moralized "encyclopedia of animals," however, these so-called "books of beasts" were made for humans, by humans, about humans. It is therefore surprising that one common pictorial subject of the bestiary has been left unexamined: humans. By viewing bestiary images through this lens, one may easily see man's underlying and unresolved struggle to maintain dominance over the beasts, and the Others projected onto them, thereby ensuring that "the (hu)man" remains a discrete definition. This study begins as the bestiary does, with the Naming of the Animals. Illustrations of Adam as a king, bestowing names of his choosing upon tame beasts express a kind of nostalgia for a now-lost time when humanity was secure in their identity as non-animal. This security no longer exists in the postlapsarian world, nor in the bestiary images following these scenes. In an attempt to maintain the illusion of dominion, many bestiary illuminations forego simple descriptive images in favor of gory hunting scenes. However, these conspicuous declarations of dominion only serve to highlight the fragility of the physical form, and even demonstrate the frailty of the human (male, Christian) identity. One such example is MS Bodley 764's boar illumination, in which the animal is killed at the hands of male hunters. This thesis unpacks this image of dominion in order to reveal the associated insecurities regarding race, gender, and species that lie beneath the surface. Subsequently, the study turns to the many bestiary images depicting human bodies brutally fragmented within the jaws of an animal. Anthropophagous bestiary animals often carry fears of the gender and ethnic Other; despite the bestiary's posturing of order and hierarchy, both the human body and identity are easily consumed and subsumed into the ever-present animal/Other. Just as in life, the human figures in the bestiary struggle to establish unquestioned dominion, only to be constantly undercut by the abject. By using a psychoanalytic approach to the human bodies of the bestiary, this study will explore how this imagery reflects the ambiguous position and definition of the human. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Art History 2014

Pneumocystis é um importante patógeno oportunista que pode causar um quadro de pneumonia intersticial fatal em animais infectados por alguma doença imunodepressora. Pneumocystis sp. tem sido identificado em suínos domésticos e selvagens coinfectados com o circovírus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2) que desenvolvem a síndrome multissistêmica do definhamento dos suínos (SMDS). O presente trabalho analisou 78 javalis (Sus scrofa) com histórico de SMDS procedentes de 6 diferentes propriedades com sistema de confinamento intensivo no Rio Grande do Sul no período de março de 2006 a junho de 2008. Amostras de tecido pulmonar de seis javalis que não desenvolveram clinicamente a SMDS, assim como, amostras de suínos procedentes de abatedouros dos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Mato Grosso foram incluídas nas análises molecular e filogenética do trabalho. O teste de imunohistoquímica (IHQ) para a detecção de Pneumocystis sp. foi positivo em 50% dos pulmões analisados. A IHQ para a detecção de PCV2 foi positiva em 37% dos animais, sendo que o linfonodo mesentérico foi o órgão que apresentou maior grau de marcação positiva. Coinfecção entre Pneumocystis sp. e PCV2 foi confirmada pela IHQ em 20,5% dos javalis. O teste de nested-PCR dos genes mtLSU rRNA e mtSSU rRNA identificou a presença de material genético de Pneumocystis sp. em pulmões de javalis que desenvolveram a SMDS e em pulmões de javalis que não apresentaram clinicamente a doença, sugerindo que somente a presença de Pneumocystis sp. não se caracteriza como causa suficiente para o desenvolvimento de pneumonia intersticial. Identificou-se pela análise filogenética que javalis e suínos no Brasil são afetados pela mesma espécie de Pneumocystis sp. e que esta subdividese em dois grupos distintos. / Pneumocystis is an important opportunistic pathogen that may cause lethal interstitial pneumonia in infected animals due to some immunosuppressive disease. Pneumocystis sp. has been found in domestic and feral swine co infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) that developed the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). This study analyzed 78 wild boars (Sus scrofa) with PMWS background from 6 different farms with intensive confinement system in Rio Grande do Sul from March 2006 to June 2008. The lung tissue samples of six wild boars that did not develop PMWS, as well as the swine samples from slaughterhouses in Rio Grande do Sul and Mato Grosso were included in the molecular and phylogenetic analyses of this study. The immunohistochemistry test (IHC) for detection of Pneumocystis sp. was positive in 50% of the analyzed lungs. The IHC for PCV2 detection was positive in 37% of the animals and the mesenteric lymph node was the organ with the highest degree of positive staining. Co infection in Pneumocystis sp. and PCV2 was confirmed by IHC in 20.5% of wild boars. The nested-PCR test of the mtLSU rRNA and mtSSU rRNA genes identified the presence of genetic material of Pneumocystis sp. in lungs of wild boars that developed the PWMS and in wild boars that did not presented clinical disease, which may mean that only the presence of Pneumocystis sp. was not characterized as sufficient cause to interstitial pneumonia development. Through phylogenetic analysis it has been identified that wild boars and swine in Brazil are affected by the same specie of Pneumocystis sp. and its subdivision in two different groups.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:37:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_carine_dahl_ corcini.pdf: 419232 bytes, checksum: 05d064069666c9b2d7ee37c1f565b4c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-18 / Artificial insemination (AI) in swine with frozen semen presents lower reproductive performance than AI with cooled semen. Such inefficiency can be attributed to many factors, especially to the semen extenders and individual boar effects, since boars may have different protein content in their seminal plasma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein content of distinct portions of the ejaculate of boars, prior to freezing, and the association between the presence of the proteins in the seminal plasma and parameters of semen quality post-thawing, to identify biochemical markers potentially associated with semen freezability in different boars and portions of the ejaculate. The sperm-rich portion of the ejaculate was fractioned in two samples, which were frozen in an extender containing 5% dimethylacetamide as a penetrating cryoprotectant. The protein content of the seminal plasma was evaluated through unidimensional electrophoresis and associated with sperm motility and membrane integrity, pre-freezing and post-thawing, and to sperm morphology and acrossome integrity post-thawing. Inter-boar analyses were conducted, adjusting for individual effects, as well as intra-boar analyses, which were stratified by boar. The first portion of the ejaculate, consisting of the first collected 10 mL, presented better post-thawing semen quality than the second portion. Nine proteins present in the seminal plasma presented significant association with parameters of semen quality (P < 0.05), in both inter and intra-boar analyses. Among them, two proteins, having molecular weight of 28 and 100 kDa were associated, respectively, with post-thawing sperm motility and both pre-freezing and post-thawing sperm membrane integrity. Thus, such proteins are potential biochemical markers for boar semen quality. / A inseminação artificial (IA) em suínos com sêmen congelado apresenta índices de desempenho reprodutivo insatisfatórios, em comparação com a IA com sêmen resfriado. Entre outros fatores, esta ineficiência pode ser atribuída aos diluentes e à variação entre os machos doadores de sêmen, que podem apresentar diferente conteúdo de proteínas no plasma seminal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o conteúdo protéico de diferentes porções do ejaculado de suínos, antes destas serem submetidas ao congelamento, e a associação entre a presença de proteínas identificadas no plasma seminal e indicadores de qualidade seminal pósdescongelamento, visando a identificação de marcadores bioquímicos associados com a congelabilidade do sêmen de diferentes machos e frações do ejaculado. A porção do ejaculado rica em espermatozóides foi fracionada em duas amostras, as quais foram congeladas em diluente contendo 5% de dimetilacetamida como crioprotetor interno. O conteúdo protéico do plasma seminal foi avaliado por eletroforese unidimensional e associado com motilidade e integridade da membrana espermática pré e pós-congelamento, e morfologia espermática e integridade de acrossoma pós-congelamento. Foram conduzidas análises inter-machos, nas quais o efeito individual foi ajustado, e intra-machos, nas quais as análises foram estratificadas para cada macho. A primeira porção do ejaculado, consistindo dos primeiros 10 mL coletados, apresentou melhores indicadores de qualidade seminal pós-descongelamento, em comparação com a segunda porção do ejaculado. Nove proteínas presentes no plasma seminal apresentaram associação significativa com parâmetros de qualidade do sêmen congelado, tanto na análise inter-machos, como na intra-machos. Dentre estas nove proteínas, duas dela, que possuem peso molecular de 28 e 100 kDa foram associadas, respectivamente, com a motilidade pós-descongelamento e com a integridade da membrana espermática précongelamento e pós-descongelamento (P < 0,05), sendo, portanto, potenciais candidatas a marcadores bioquímicos para qualidade de sêmen de suínos.

Wild boars (Sus scrofa) have increased rapidly in population size and home range since their reintroduction to the Swedish fauna. Through their rooting behaviour, the boars can cause great disturbance to the ecosystem. The consequences of this disturbance have been recorded in many parts of the world but the effects they have on boreal forest ecosystems have been less studied.In this study I examined to what extent wild boars affect (i) the soil microbial community, (ii) the soil respiration, (iii) the soil C and nutrient content, as well as (iv) the growth of trees in a boreal forest in central Sweden. Enclosures that have harboured wild boars for seven years were compared with nearby areas without wild boars in both a pine forest and a spruce forest. Using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analyses, the soil microbial biomass, community, and fungi:bacteria ratio were investigated in the treatments. The soil respiration was measured monthly from June to November. The total soil concentrations of C, N and P were examined as well as the availability of N in the form of NO3-and NH4+. Tree growth was measured by measuring tree ring width and comparisons were made by looking at the relative ring width of tree cores before and after the introduction of wild boars. I found that the soil microbial community did generally not differ between the treatments, except for a higher fungi:bacteria ratio within the enclosures. Soil respiration was consistently lower in the enclosures throughout all months. Soil nutrient levels were similar between the treatments except for a slightly lowertotal P content and NO3-content in the pine forest enclosure. Lastly, the tree growth was severely decreased by the presence of wild boars. In summary my study suggests that anincrease of the wild boar population in boreal forests may have a minor impact on many soil processes, while tree growth can be hampered. However, studies in natural ecosystems are needed to investigate this effect further.