The thesis seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the dynamics of interaction between the environmental and labour movements, and the conditions under which they can cooperate and form alliances in pursuit of a sustainable development agenda which simultaneously promotes ecological and social justice goals. After developing an explanatory model of the labour-environmentalist relationship (LER) on the basis of a survey of theoretical and case-study literature, the thesis applies this model to three significant cases of labour-environmental interaction in Australia, each representing a different point on the spectrum from LER conflict to LER cooperation, during the period from 1983 to 1996. Commonly held views that there are inevitable tendencies to LER conflict, whether due to an irreconcilable "jobs versus environment" contradiction or due to the different class bases of the respective movements, are analysed and rejected. A model of the LER implicit in Siegmann (1985) is interrogated against more recent LER studies from six countries, and reworked into a new model (the Siegmann-Norton model) which explains tendencies to conflict and cooperation in the LER in terms of the respective ideologies of labour and environmentalism, their organisational forms and cultures, the national political-institutional framework and the respective places of labour and environmentalism therein, the political economy of specific sectors and regions in which LER interaction occurs, and sui generis sociological and demographic characteristics of labour and environmental actors. The thesis then discusses the major changes in the ideologies, organisational forms and political-institutional roles of the Australian labour movement which occurred during the period of the study, and their likely influence on the LER. The two processes of most importance in driving such changes were the corporatist Accord relationship between the trade union movement and Labor Party government from 1983 to 1996, and the strategic reorganisation of the trade union movement between 1988 and 1996 in response to challenges and opportunities in the wider political-economic environment. The research hypothesis is that the net effect of these changes would have been to foster tendencies towards LER conflict. The hypothesis is tested in three significant case studies, namely: (a) the interaction, often conflictual, between the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) and the environmental movement in debates around macroeconomic policy, economic restructuring and sustainable development from the mid-1980s onwards; (b) the complex interaction, involving elements of cooperation, disagreement and dialogue, between the environmental movement and the unions representing coal mining and energy workers in the formulation of Australia's climate change policies; and (c) the environmental policy and campaign initiatives of the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union to improve workplace environmental performance and promote worker environmental education. The case studies confirmed the research hypothesis in the sense that, whilst the LER tended overall towards greater cooperation in the period of the study, the Accord relationship and union restructuring process worked to slow the growth of cooperative tendencies and sustain conflict over particular issues beyond what might otherwise have been the case. The Accord relationship served to maintain conflict tendencies due to the dominance of productivist ideologies within the ACTU, and the union movement's perseverance with this relationship after the vitiation of its progressive potential by neo-liberal trends in public policy. The tripartite Accord processes institutionalised a "growth coalition" of labour, business and the state in opposition to excluded constituencies such as the environmental movement. This was partially overcome during the period of the Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) process, which temporarily included the environmental movement as an insider in the political-institutional framework. The long-run effects of union reorganisation on the LER are difficult to determine as the new organisational forms of unions were not in place until almost the end of the period of the study. However, in the short term the disruptive effects of the amalgamations process restricted unions' capacity to engage with environmental issues. Pro-environment initiatives by the AMWU, and cooperative aspects of the coal industry unions' relationship with environmentalists, reflected the social unionist ideology and internal democratic practices of those unions, and the influence of the ESD Working Group process, whilst LER conflict over greenhouse reflected the adverse political economy of the coal industry, but also the relevant unions' less developed capacity for independent research and membership education compared to the AMWU. The LER in all three cases can be satisfactorily explained, and important insights derived, through application of the Siegmann-Norton model. Conclusions drawn include suggestions for further research and proposals for steps to be taken by labour and environmental actors to improve cooperation.

This study highlights the stereotypical depictions of journalists in film using a narrative analysis of four major Hollywood productions, starting with All the President’s Men from 1976 through The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo from 2011. Its purpose is to highlight traits given to journalists in the movies and re-occuring themes in the portrayal of the media and the journalistic occupation. Differences and commonalities between the films are concluded in a discussion of ethics, personalities and the media’s self image. The paper can be seen as a contribution to the paradigm in which journalism in the movies is perceived at the moment. It offers a wide explanation to how the image of the journalist is conveyed to the public, an image that differs from how real life journalists go about in daily work life. This is essential, since most people never get to experience journalistic work in reality – but solely from popular culture – which distorts the perception of the media as the fourth estate.

Anyone familiar with the Rastafari movement and its connection with the Bible is struck by the prevalence of I-locution found in them both. Because the phenomenon is important in the canonical Testaments, more so the New, this study seeks to investigate its significance in certain epistolary pieces (Romans 7 :14-25 ; 15 :14-33), the bio-Narratives and the Apocalypse, in their historical and cultural milieu. The next stage of the investigation then compares the findings of the aforementioned New Testament books with corresponding statements of the Rasta community to determine their relevance for the ongoing Anglophone theological discussion. In this connection, the following questions are addressed: (1) what are the inter-textual link(s) and function(s) of the `I' statements in Romans? (2) How do they relate to similar dominical sayings? And (3) can any parallel be established between the language of Rastafari and these? In sum, the study seeks to bring into critical dialogue the permutative `I' of the NT with the self-understanding of Rastafari. / NEW TESTAMENT / DTH (NEW TESTAMENT)

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a compreensão dos conceitos de equação e função que serão aplicados na disciplina de Física-Química I do Curso de Química da UFPel. Para isso foram usados como fundamentação teórica o conceito de aprendizagem significativa de Ausubel, Mapas Conceituais e a Epistemologia do “Vê” de Gowin. Também foram utilizados os conceitos matemáticos de equação e função aplicados à Química, assim como a análise e o levantamento de ferramentas computacionais disponíveis na internet e as suas características em termos de aplicabilidade na área do ensino. Para a realização dessa pesquisa se fez uso de pré-testes com os alunos, visando identificar a existência dos subsunçores, assim como, a elaboração de mapas conceituais sobre os conhecimentos matemáticos exigidos na disciplina, particularmente, na Equação dos Gases Ideais. Os resultados foram analisados e permitiram o desenvolvimento de um objeto virtual de aprendizagem que privilegia o uso de equação e função matemática na Química. O objeto virtual de aprendizagem possibilita ao aluno o processo de interação, buscando desenvolver a sua aprendizagem, assim como elementos que promovam a interdisciplinaridade entre a Matemática e a Química. A interdisciplinaridade privilegiará a aplicabilidade de conceitos matemáticos na Equação dos Gases Ideais, especificamente na disciplina de Físico-Química I. / The present work has the objective of investigating the comprehension of the concepts of equation and function that will be applied in the Physics Chemistry subject I from the Chemistry Graduation Course at the UFPel. For that, Ausubel concept of meaningful learning, conceptual maps and the “V” epistemology were used as theoretical background. Besides, the mathematical concepts of equation and function applied to Chemistry were considered and also the analysis and the research of computational tools available on the internet and their characteristics related to the applicability in the teaching area. During the construction period of this research, some pre tests with the students were applied with the purpose of identifying the subsumers as well as the elaboration of the conceptual maps about the mathematical knowledge needed for the subject, mainly for the ideal gas equation. The results were analyzed and they allowed the development of a learning virtual object which privileges the use of mathematical equations and functions inside Chemistry The virtual object allows the student to get into the interaction process searching the development of his learning process as well as elements which promote the interdisciplinarity between Mathematics and Chemistry. Interdisciplinarity will privilege the applicability of mathematical concepts in the Ideal Gas Equation, mainly in the Physics Chemistry Subject I.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a compreensão dos conceitos de equação e função que serão aplicados na disciplina de Física-Química I do Curso de Química da UFPel. Para isso foram usados como fundamentação teórica o conceito de aprendizagem significativa de Ausubel, Mapas Conceituais e a Epistemologia do “Vê” de Gowin. Também foram utilizados os conceitos matemáticos de equação e função aplicados à Química, assim como a análise e o levantamento de ferramentas computacionais disponíveis na internet e as suas características em termos de aplicabilidade na área do ensino. Para a realização dessa pesquisa se fez uso de pré-testes com os alunos, visando identificar a existência dos subsunçores, assim como, a elaboração de mapas conceituais sobre os conhecimentos matemáticos exigidos na disciplina, particularmente, na Equação dos Gases Ideais. Os resultados foram analisados e permitiram o desenvolvimento de um objeto virtual de aprendizagem que privilegia o uso de equação e função matemática na Química. O objeto virtual de aprendizagem possibilita ao aluno o processo de interação, buscando desenvolver a sua aprendizagem, assim como elementos que promovam a interdisciplinaridade entre a Matemática e a Química. A interdisciplinaridade privilegiará a aplicabilidade de conceitos matemáticos na Equação dos Gases Ideais, especificamente na disciplina de Físico-Química I. / The present work has the objective of investigating the comprehension of the concepts of equation and function that will be applied in the Physics Chemistry subject I from the Chemistry Graduation Course at the UFPel. For that, Ausubel concept of meaningful learning, conceptual maps and the “V” epistemology were used as theoretical background. Besides, the mathematical concepts of equation and function applied to Chemistry were considered and also the analysis and the research of computational tools available on the internet and their characteristics related to the applicability in the teaching area. During the construction period of this research, some pre tests with the students were applied with the purpose of identifying the subsumers as well as the elaboration of the conceptual maps about the mathematical knowledge needed for the subject, mainly for the ideal gas equation. The results were analyzed and they allowed the development of a learning virtual object which privileges the use of mathematical equations and functions inside Chemistry The virtual object allows the student to get into the interaction process searching the development of his learning process as well as elements which promote the interdisciplinarity between Mathematics and Chemistry. Interdisciplinarity will privilege the applicability of mathematical concepts in the Ideal Gas Equation, mainly in the Physics Chemistry Subject I.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a compreensão dos conceitos de equação e função que serão aplicados na disciplina de Física-Química I do Curso de Química da UFPel. Para isso foram usados como fundamentação teórica o conceito de aprendizagem significativa de Ausubel, Mapas Conceituais e a Epistemologia do “Vê” de Gowin. Também foram utilizados os conceitos matemáticos de equação e função aplicados à Química, assim como a análise e o levantamento de ferramentas computacionais disponíveis na internet e as suas características em termos de aplicabilidade na área do ensino. Para a realização dessa pesquisa se fez uso de pré-testes com os alunos, visando identificar a existência dos subsunçores, assim como, a elaboração de mapas conceituais sobre os conhecimentos matemáticos exigidos na disciplina, particularmente, na Equação dos Gases Ideais. Os resultados foram analisados e permitiram o desenvolvimento de um objeto virtual de aprendizagem que privilegia o uso de equação e função matemática na Química. O objeto virtual de aprendizagem possibilita ao aluno o processo de interação, buscando desenvolver a sua aprendizagem, assim como elementos que promovam a interdisciplinaridade entre a Matemática e a Química. A interdisciplinaridade privilegiará a aplicabilidade de conceitos matemáticos na Equação dos Gases Ideais, especificamente na disciplina de Físico-Química I. / The present work has the objective of investigating the comprehension of the concepts of equation and function that will be applied in the Physics Chemistry subject I from the Chemistry Graduation Course at the UFPel. For that, Ausubel concept of meaningful learning, conceptual maps and the “V” epistemology were used as theoretical background. Besides, the mathematical concepts of equation and function applied to Chemistry were considered and also the analysis and the research of computational tools available on the internet and their characteristics related to the applicability in the teaching area. During the construction period of this research, some pre tests with the students were applied with the purpose of identifying the subsumers as well as the elaboration of the conceptual maps about the mathematical knowledge needed for the subject, mainly for the ideal gas equation. The results were analyzed and they allowed the development of a learning virtual object which privileges the use of mathematical equations and functions inside Chemistry The virtual object allows the student to get into the interaction process searching the development of his learning process as well as elements which promote the interdisciplinarity between Mathematics and Chemistry. Interdisciplinarity will privilege the applicability of mathematical concepts in the Ideal Gas Equation, mainly in the Physics Chemistry Subject I.

The purposes of this study were to formulate a definition of the "bob-wheel" stanza in which a number of Middle English and Middle Scots poems were written, to inventory and describe these works, with special attention to the structure of individual stanzas, to identify the genres, the periods, and the dialects in which they were written, and to trace their origin and development between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries. The dissertation includes a general introduction of the topic, chapters on the influence of Latin and Romance stanzaic structure, a chronological survey of the bob-wheel poems, and a conclusion in which theories concerning the origins, development, and decline of the form are discussed.

Essa pesquisa investiga a influência das variáveis associadas aos aspectos físico-espaciais das lojas na definição da satisfação e preferência pelo comércio de varejo de vestuário feminino. Nessa investigação levam-se em consideração as percepções de dois grupos de usuários: arquitetas e não arquitetas. O objetivo central é fornecer subsídios teóricos para que possam ser produzidos espaços comerciais mais satisfatórios para as usuárias e mais eficientes para os proprietários. As quatro lojas selecionadas como objetos de estudo estão situadas na cidade de Porto Alegre (RS), e possuem características que as agrupam dentro de um mesmo tipo de varejo, nomeadamente, o vestuário feminino destinado à classe econômica A. Da mesma maneira, essas lojas possuem características heterogêneas em termos das variáveis associadas aos aspectos físico-espaciais que tornam pertinente a comparação entre elas. Os métodos de coleta e análise de dados fazem parte dos utilizados na área de pesquisa do Ambiente e Comportamento. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de levantamentos de arquivo e levantamento de campo, esse incluindo observações e levantamento das variáveis associadas aos aspectos físico-espaciais, questionários e entrevistas informais. Os resultados dessa investigação demonstram que existem relações bastante evidentes entre a satisfação e a preferência por uma determinada loja e as variáveis associadas aos aspectos físico-espaciais da mesma. Primeiramente, fica evidente que as variáveis mais importantes para a definição da satisfação geral com uma loja estão associadas à características do interior da loja. Por outro lado, as variáveis mais associadas com a preferência por uma loja são aquelas relacionadas com o exterior da loja e características de seu entorno. Torna-se evidente que para o desenvolvimento de bons projetos e para a manutenção de usuários satisfeitos e fiéis tais variáveis devem ser consideradas. Espera-se que os dados encontrados despertem o interesse pelo desenvolvimento de outros estudos sobre o tema da relação entre o espaço da atividade comercial e seus usuários. / This research investigates the influence of the variables associated to the stores’ physical and spatial aspects in the definition of satisfaction and preference in women’s clothes retail. In this investigation it is taken in consideration the perceptions of two groups of users : architects and people who are not architects. The main objective is to produce theoretical knowledge to create more satisfactory retail spaces for the users and more efficient for the owners. The four stores selected as study objects are located in the city of Porto Alegre (Brazil). Such stores possess characteristics that group them in the same retail type, namely, the feminine clothes destined to the high economical class. Those stores have heterogeneous characteristics in terms of the variables associated to the physical and spatial aspects that make pertinent the comparison among them. The collection methods and analysis of data are part of the Environment and Behavior area of research. The data were obtained from file and field surveys, including observations and survey of the variables associated to the physical and spatial aspects, questionnaires and informal interviews The results of this investigation show evident relationships between satisfaction, preference for a certain store and the variables associated to the physical and spatial aspects. Firstly, it is evident that the most important variables for the definition of the general satisfaction with a store are associated to inner store characteristics. On the other hand, the variables strongly associated with store preference are those related with the exterior and surroundings. It becomes quite clear that the development of good projects and the maintenance of satisfied consumers should consider both variables. It is expected that these findings will arouse an interest in developing further studies on the subject of the relationship between space and the commercial activity.

In the world of high mobility, there is a growing need for people to communicate with each other and have timely access to information regardless of the location of the individuals or the information. This need is supported by the advances in the technologies of networking, wireless communications, and portable computing devices with reduction in the physical size of computers, lead to the rapid development in mobile communication infrastructure. Hence, mobile and wireless networks present many challenges to application, hardware, software and network designers and implementers. One of the biggest challenge is to provide a secure mobile environment. Security plays a more important role in mobile communication systems than in systems that use wired communication. This is mainly because of the ubiquitous nature of the wireless medium that makes it more susceptible to security attacks than wired communications. The aim of the thesis is to develop an integrated dynamic security and authentication system for mobile transactions. The proposed system operates at the transactions-level of a mobile application, by intelligently selecting the suitable security technique and authentication protocol for ongoing transaction. To do this, we have designed two schemes: the transactions-based security selection scheme and the transactions-based authentication selection scheme. These schemes use transactions sensitivity levels and the usage context, which includes users behaviors, network used, device used, and so on, to decide the required security and authentication levels. Based on this analysis, requisite security technique, and authentication protocols are applied for the trans-action in process. The Behaviors-Observations-Beliefs (BOB) model is developed using cognitive agents to supplement the working of the security and authentication selection schemes. A transaction classification model is proposed to classify the transactions into various sensitivity levels. The BOB model The BOB model is a cognitive theory based model, to generate beliefs over a user, by observing various behaviors exhibited by a user during transactions. The BOB model uses two types of Cognitive Agents (CAs), the mobile CAs (MCAs) and the static CAs (SCAs). The MCAs are deployed over the client devices to formulate beliefs by observing various behaviors of a user during the transaction execution. The SCA performs belief analysis, and identifies the belief deviations w.r.t. established beliefs. We have developed four constructs to implement the BOB model, namely: behaviors identifier, observations generator, beliefs formulator, and beliefs analyser. The BOB model is developed by giving emphasis on using the minimum computation and minimum code size, by keeping the resource restrictiveness of the mobile devices and infrastructure. The knowledge organisation using cognitive factors, helps in selecting the rational approach for deciding the legitimacy of a user or a session. It also reduces the solution search space by consolidating the user behaviors into an high-level data such as beliefs, as a result the decision making time reduces considerably. The transactions classification model This model is proposed to classify the given set of transactions of an application service into four sensitivity levels. The grouping of transactions is based on the operations they perform, and the amount of risk/loss involved if they are misused. The four levels are namely, transactions who’s execution may cause no-damage (level-0), minor-damage (level-1), significant-damage (level-2) and substantial-damage (level-3). A policy-based transaction classifier is developed and incorporated in the SCA to decide the transaction sensitivity level of a given transaction. Transactions-based security selection scheme (TBSS-Scheme) The traditional security schemes at application-level are either session or transaction or event based. They secure the application-data with prefixed security techniques on mobile transactions or events. Generally mobile transactions possesses different security risk profiles, so, empirically we may find that there is a need for various levels of data security schemes for the mobile communications environment, which face the resource insufficiency in terms of bandwidth, energy, and computation capabilities. We have proposed an intelligent security techniques selection scheme at the application-level, which dynamically decides the security technique to be used for a given transaction in real-time. The TBSS-Scheme uses the BOB model and transactions classification model, while deciding the required security technique. The selection is purely based on the transaction sensitivity level, and user behaviors. The Security techniques repository is used in the proposed scheme, organised under three levels based on the complexity of security techniques. The complexities are decided based on time and space complexities, and the strength of the security technique against some of the latest security attacks. The credibility factors are computed using the credibility module, over transaction network, and transaction device are also used while choosing the security technique from a particular level of security repository. Analytical models are presented on beliefs analysis, security threat analysis, and average security cost incurred during the transactions session. The results of this scheme are compared with regular schemes, and advantageous and limitations of the proposed scheme are discussed. A case study on application of the proposed security selection scheme is conducted over mobile banking application, and results are presented. Transactions-based authentication selection scheme (TBAS-Scheme) The authentication protocols/schemes are used at the application-level to authenticate the genuine users/parties and devices used in the application. Most of these protocols challenges the user/device to get the authentication information, rather than deploying the methods to identify the validity of a user/device. Therefore, there is a need for an authentication scheme, which intelligently authenticates a user by continuously monitoring the genuinity of the activities/events/ behaviors/transactions through out the session. Transactions-based authentication selection scheme provides a new dimension in authenticating users of services. It enables strong authentication at the transaction level, based on sensitivity level of the given transaction, and user behaviors. The proposed approach intensifies the procedure of authentication by selecting authentication schemes by using the BOB-model and transactions classification models. It provides effective authentication solution, by relieving the conventional authentication systems, from being dependent only on the strength of authentication identifiers. We have made a performance comparison between transactions-based authentication selection scheme with session-based authentication scheme in terms of identification of various active attacks, and average authentication delay and average authentication costs are analysed. We have also shown the working of the proposed scheme in inter-domain and intra-domain hand-off scenarios, and discussed the merits of the scheme comparing it with mobile IP authentication scheme. A case study on application of the proposed authentication selection scheme for authenticating personalized multimedia services is presented. Implementation of the TBSS and the TBAS schemes for mobile commerce application We have implemented the integrated working of both the TBSS and TBAS schemes for a mo-bile commerce application. The details on identifying vendor selection, day of purchase, time of purchase, transaction value, frequency of purchase behaviors are given. A sample list of mobile commerce transactions is presented along with their classification into various sensitivity levels. The working of the system is discussed using three cases of purchases, and the results on trans-actions distribution, deviation factor generation, security technique selection, and authentication challenge generation are presented. In summary, we have developed an integrated dynamic security and authentication system using, the above mentioned selection schemes for mobile transactions, and by incorporating the BOB model, transactions classification model, and credibility modules. We have successfully implemented the proposed schemes using cognitive agents based middleware. The results of experiments suggest that incorporating user behaviors, and transaction sensitivity levels will bring dynamism and adaptiveness to security and authentication system. Through which the mobile communication security could be made more robust to attacks, and resource savvy in terms of reduced bandwidth and computation requirements by using an appropriate security and authentication technique/protocol.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Political Science, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 289-319)