Interspecific interactions have been shown to play critical roles in determining the realized niches of species in marine rocky intertidal (ie Connell 1961, Paine 1966,, Dayton 1971) and terrestrial (i.e~ Harper 1969, Pianka 1973, Cody 1974) communities. In contrast, such interactions have not been clearly demonstrated as determinants of the distribution and abundance of marine intertidal soft-substrate organisms (however, see Levinton 1977). There are great physical differences between the rocky and mud-sandflat intertidal habitats, Some of these are wave exposure, sediment size (boulders to silts), penetrability and organic content of the substrate, frequency of log damage, and exposure to sunlight. Considering these physical differences and the fact that soft-substrate environments often support diverse communities, it is interesting to assess the role of biological interactions in' structuring these intertidal communities. Previous work on this system primarily consists of descriptions of animal-sediment · relationships and of food partitioning (i.e~ Sanders et al.. 1962, Mangum 1964, Reid and Reid 1968, Johnson 1971, Rhoads and Young 1971, Young and Rhoads 1971, Fenchel et al, 1975, Warren 1977). The role of interspecific interactions in establishing and maintaining infaunal distribution patterns on a sandflat in northern California is reported here.

This paper is primarily a study of the factors contributing to the distribution of Tegula funebralis and Tegula brunnea in the vicinity of Bodega Bay, California. The two species seldom appear extensively together in the same zone. Tegula brunnea is found on the exposed outer coast of Tomales Point, but not in the immediate zone of Tegula funebralis. Tegula funebralis is found at some points north of Dillon Beach, but it is rarely in the presence of abundant Tegula brunnea. The writer hopes that his efforts may lay a basis for more ecological studies of this genera on the Pacific Coast.

La estabilización proteica del vino blanco es una etapa importante en su elaboración, y tiene una relación muy estrecha con la comercialización del producto final. Los métodos tradicionales utilizados en la mayoría de las bodegas consisten en operaciones discontinuas con adición de material adsorbente, que requieren mucha mano de obra, hay pérdida de producto y se generan residuos que tienen un impacto ambiental elevado.En este trabajo se ha estudiado la alternativa de utilizar materiales adsorbentes que permitan disminuir o eliminar las desventajas existentes. Después de una revisión bibliográfica detallada se eligieron el óxido de zirconio y el óxido de aluminio, en diferentes granulometrías y grados de acidez, para estudiar la posibilidad de transformar el proceso de estabilización proteica tradicional discontinuo, en un proceso continuo mediante adsorción con óxidos metálicos empacados en una columna. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que dicha transformación es posible, y que el óxido de zirconio es un adsorbente que muestra una selectividad con las fracciones proteicas del vino, se puede regenerar, se puede empacar en una columna sin causar problemas técnicos y no modifica las características fisicoquímicas del vino tratado, cumpliéndose así todos los requisitos buscados, obteniendo finalmente un vino blanco estabilizado. / Wine is one of the most popular low-alcohol drinks, thus many research projects have focused on making wine easier to produce or on improving the final product. The macromolecules in wine can form precipitates or cause turbidity, which affects its stability. The white wine protein stabilization is an important stage in its elaboration, and has a very narrow relationship with the commercialization of the product. The colloidal fractions of the wine, such as proteins and polysaccharides, have a considerable influence on some of the basic operations (for example, filtration, clarification, and cold stabilization).There are a lot of nonselective models for reducing the protein content in wine. The traditional methods used in most of the cellars consist on discontinuous operations with addition of adsorbent materials that require a lot of manpower, there is loss of product and residuals are generated that have a high environmental impact. In this work has been studied to use alternative adsorbent materials, like metal oxides, that allow to diminish or to eliminate the existent disadvantages. Two types of adsorbent material were used: zirconium and alumina. The used materials were in different particle size and acidity degrees.The obtained results show that these materials can be used in packed bed. The protein fractions were removed from a white wine in a packed bed of ZrO2 and showed an improvement in the protein stability. The affinity of the ZrO2 depended on the molecular weight of the wine protein fraction. The physicochemical properties of the wine were not modified after the treatment. Finally, the zirconium oxide in the both form can be regenerated.

This study deals with the reproductive ecology and larval development of Mytilus californianus. Mytilus californianus is the common mussel found along the more exposed west coast of North America from the Aleutian Islands south Isla Socorro, Mexico (Soot-Ryen, 1955) and was chosen because it is an important species in rocky intertidal communities (being the most abundant if not the most conspicuous) and forms the basis for diverse associations of numerous other species. The reproductive cycle, larval development to settlement, comparisons of reproduction in high and low populations and field observations on larval settlement are described.

Life history patterns of individual organisms are the result of natural selection and should be correlated with particular physical and biological characteristics of habitats in which they live. The littoral fringe is known to be the most severe physical habitat in the intertidal zone, and it is expected that organisms in it should have population characteristics associated with selective response to physical adversity rather than biological interaction. Ecological studies of populations of Littorina planaxis were made in the Dillon Beach and Bodega Head areas. The study localities differed principally in extent of wave exposure rather than geographical location.

El estudio realizado por ComSCore para la firma internet media service (IMS), nos indica que nueve de cada diez usuarios de este sector poseen un celular. A raíz de esta información podemos observar que muchas personas requieren de algún tipo de aplicación que sea de ayuda para su uso diario. En el siguiente proyecto se ha decidido desarrollar una plataforma de comercio electrónico que ayude a los bodegueros a realizar ventas virtuales y además que cuenten con opción a delivery. Con el objetivo de llegar a más clientes, incrementar las ventas y hacerse más conocidos. La pandemia Covid 19 ha generado cambios en los estilos de vida de las personas y como resultado los clientes han dejado de tener contacto directo con las bodegas por el temor al contagio de este virus, los clientes desean evitar las aglomeraciones e ir a una tienda a comprar. Es por eso que Compralow se crea para brindar una solución a los problemas de los bodegueros, incrementando sus ventas de manera exponencial y con eficiencia. Compralow, como empresa de servicio, presenta viabilidad financiera en su ejecución, rentabilidad estable y en ascenso en el transcurso de vida y maduración del proyecto y será la alternativa fácil y sencilla que va a impulsar las ventas de los bodegueros. / The study carried out by ComSCore for the internet media service (IMS) firm, indicates that nine out of ten users in this sector own a cell phone. As a result of this information we can observe that many people require some type of application that is helpful for their daily use. In the following project, it has been decided to develop an electronic commerce platform that helps storeowners to make virtual sales and also have the option of delivery. With the aim of reaching more customers, increasing sales and becoming more known. The Covid 19 pandemic has generated changes in people's lifestyles and as a result customers have stopped having direct contact with stores for fear of contagion of this virus, customers want to avoid crowds and go to a store to to buy. That is why Compralow was created to provide a solution to the problems of winemakers, increasing their sales exponentially and efficiently. Compralow, as a service company, presents financial viability in its execution, stable and increasing profitability throughout the life and maturity of the project and will be the easy and simple alternative that will boost the sales of the storeowners. / Trabajo de investigación

La presente investigación tiene por objetivo comparar los principales factores comerciales que los consumidores limeños prefieren o valoran más de una bodega tradicional de Lima Metropolitana. Dada la especificidad del sujeto de estudio, se espera que los resultados de este trabajo contribuyan al entendimiento de las necesidades de los clientes, de tal modo que los dueños de las bodegas puedan hacer mejoras para la prosperidad de su negocio. Metodológicamente, a través de la recolección de datos cuantitativos, se busca encontrar el factor comercial principal para cada uno de los segmentos que forman parte de nuestra muestra. Además de proporcionar data que permita la comparación de los comportamientos de los consumidores de acuerdo con sus características, con el fin de determinar similitudes o diferencias. / The objective of this paper is to compare the main commercial attributes that consumers prefer or value more in a traditional grocery store in Metropolitan Lima. Given the specificity of the study, the results of this paper are expected to contribute to the understanding of the clients' needs, in such a way that the owners of the warehouses can make improvements for the prosperity of their business based on the latest market trends. Methodologically, through the collect of quantitative data, we seek to find the main commercial factors for each of the atributes that are part of our sample. In addition to providing data that allows the comparison of consumer behaviors according to their characteristics, in order to determine similarities or differences. / Tesis

El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo desarrollar un centro enoturístico y bodega vitivinícola en la región de Ica. Dicha región posee la tradición vitivinícola más antigua del país, que perdura hasta el día de hoy, y que ha presentado un boom en las últimas décadas tanto a nivel de producción per cápita, como en el turístico. Es así como diversas bodegas de la región han aplicado un nuevo enfoque en el turismo vivencial denominado enoturismo, cuyo objetivo es visibilizar y potenciar la riqueza vitivinícola de las bodegas regionales mediante la asociación con otros agentes turísticos como hospedajes, spa, restaurantes, museos, etc. Es en este contexto donde se planta realizar un proyecto que implemente procesos de producción eficientes y novedosos; y espacios para la difusión y concienciación de la cultura vitivinícola de la región. Mediante la aplicación de la mímesis como énfasis, donde se busca una lograr armoniosa relación entre los componentes físicos de la arquitectura y aquellos que se encuentran en el imaginario colectivo que da sentido y valoración a dicha arquitectura en un contexto social y cultural determinado. / The objective of this work is to develop a wine tourism center and winery in the region of Ica. This region has the oldest wine tradition in the country, which continues to this day, and which has experienced a boom in recent decades both in terms of per capita production and tourism. This is various wineries in the region have applied a new approach to experiential tourism called enotourism, whose objective is to make visible and enhance the wine wealth of regional wineries through association with other tourist agents such as lodgings, spas, restaurants, museums, etc. It is in this context where it is planned to carry out a project that implements efficient and innovative production processes, and spaces for the dissemination and awareness of the region's wine culture. Through the application of mimesis as an emphasis, where a harmonious relationship between the physical components of architecture and those found in the collective imagination that gives meaning and value to that architecture in each social and cultural context. / Trabajo de investigación