Anxiety involves both bodily reactions and subjective feelings.Research suggests a positive link between heightened interoception -the perception of bodily signals - and experiences of emotions andanxiety. It has also been theorized that believing bodily signals to havenegative implications (interoceptive fear) can increase the awarenessof these signals, in turn increasing levels of anxiety. In this master’sthesis the goal was to assess this proposal. Self-reported fear of bodilysensations (interoceptive fear) and awareness of bodily sensations(interoceptive sensibility) were used to predict levels of anxiety. Theresults showed that all three variables were positively related and thatincluding interoceptive fear as a second predictor of anxiety in amultiple regression model attenuated the unique predictive value ofinteroceptive sensibility. Despite some limitations, such as the factthat some potential confounders could not be controlled for, and thatthe study was cross-sectional, the study highlights the importance ofconsidering fear and awareness of bodily sensations in anxiety.

The main topic of the master's thesis is protection of bodily integrity, which started to play an important role since the beginning of this millennium in the continental Europe in support of patient's individual rights. The thesis particularly undergoes research by which means is patient's bodily integrity guaranteed on the constitutional level. For that purpose, the thesis analyses informed consent in its various forms, namely in comparisons to foreign literature and judgements in USA and United Kingdom. Simultaneously the court decision became the centre of attention, because of its guarantee to protect bodily integrity to minors and incompatible people. These conclusions the thesis then follows up and applies on cases, in which is bodily integrity of patient is most vulnerable. The conclusion of this thesis is that the protection of bodily integrity is guaranteed on the constitutional level by art. 7 par. 1 Charter of fundamental rights and freedoms and art. 8 European Convention on human rights. Simultaneously the thesis comes to the conclusion that in some cases the protection of bodily integrity in not fully guaranteed. That's the case of sterilization of transsexual patients who are forced to undergo this surgery by statutory regulation. The thesis in the case of compulsory vaccination...

Dear reader,  My aim here, in this essay, is to wonder around and embrace the unknown in the literary genre of letter writing. One of the main questions that the essay circles around is: how embracing the unknown can be a celebration, and a way to get lost, instead of it being something we fear of, like darkness? In the essay I draw bridges between the unknown, the erotic, vulnerability, the use of senses and perception, as well as pondering about the question of whether an experience can be larger than knowledge. The essay is structured in three parts: an introduction, middle part and a final part. In the introduction, the first letter, I open up the purpose of this essay and present my references. In the middle part, I dedicate five letters to the writers and researchers of my references, Rebecca Solnit, Audre Lorde, Brené Brown, Susan Sontag and Deborah Hay. The final part, the last letter, opens up the process of the performance, and how the readings for the essay have affected the doing in the performance. Described in the essay is the journey of methods that were used in the project such as reading, walking around and getting lost. Further the essay describes how dancing later on in the process appeared as a method of getting lost, embracing the unknown through bodily perception and movement. Through this essay and my performance DARK BLISS, I come to a conclusion that being with the unknown is a never-ending process, an endless journey of learning that I will continue to wonder and wander around. / <p>This work includes both a performing and a written part.</p>

The Finnish legislation on legal gender recognition includes a prerequisite of being infertile. This practice not only differs from the legislation of the other Nordic countries but has also been found to be a violation of articles from human rights conventions. The practice has been found to be incompatible with the picture of Finland as a progressive Nordic country and it indeed creates an inconsistency between the regime of Nordic countries. The aim of the thesis is to analyze this problem from a governmental perspective and to find factors that could explain the difference between these countries. Theories of governmentality and governing gender will be applied in the analysis with the help of discourse analysis. From the perspective of the regime of Nordic countries, it is possible that the legislation in Finland would be developed into the same direction in the following years.

The mature minor doctrine legally allows minors with the maturity of an adult to make decisions about their medical treatment, sometimes without the knowledge of their parent or guardian. However, the mature minor doctrine does not live up to its expectations; there are no guidelines for determining if a minor is mature or if the minor has the capacity to consent. The court system’s reluctance to allow minors to refuse treatment, the focus on stereotypical adolescent behavior, and the possibility of penalization of the family also serve as drawbacks to minors exercising their right to bodily autonomy through the mature minor doctrine. Standardization can solve these issues, revolutionizing the mature minor doctrine so that minors’ preferences about their care, particularly in the setting of life-threatening illness, can be honored. / Urban Bioethics

Jerlemar, M & Nordström, J., Patienters upplevelser av att leva med trycksår. En litteraturstudie. Examensarbete i omvårdnad, 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö högskola: Hälsa och samhälle, Utbildningsområde omvårdnad 2011.Bakgrund: Trycksår är ett vanligt förekommande sjukdomstillstånd som drabbar framförallt äldre och rörelsehindrade. Trycksår kan medföra fysiska och psykiska komplikationer hos den drabbade. Prevention, framförallt tryckavlastning är viktigt vid förebyggande av trycksårsuppkomst. Syfte: Att belysa patienters upplevelser av att leva med trycksår. Metod: Litteraturstudien är utformad efter Axelssons (2008) riktlinjer och baseras på tio vetenskapliga artiklar med både kvantitativ och kvalitativ design och är granskade efter Willmans et al (2006) protokoll. Resultat: Patienterna i studierna upplevde en negativ inverkan på livet relaterat till trycksår. Analysen ledde fram till fem teman: smärta, mobilitet, emotionell påverkan, kroppslig påverkan samt inverkan på autonomi och det sociala livet. Slutsatser: Personer med trycksår upplever en fysisk, psykisk och social påverkan. Livskvaliteten blir sämre i alla dessa aspekter. Nyckelord: Emotionellt, kroppsligt, smärta, socialt, trycksår. / Jerlemar, M & Nordström, J., Patients experiences of having a pressure ulcer. A literature review. Degree project, 15 credit points. Nursing programe, Malmö University: Health and Society, Department of nursing, 2011. Background: Pressure ulcer is common known condition affecting mainly the elders and disabled. Pressure ulcer can cause physical and mental complications in the affected. Prevention, especially off loading is important to prevent pressure ulcer occurrence. Aim: To elucidate patient’s experiences of living with a pressure ulcer. Method: The literature review is formed after Axelsson (2008) guidelines and is based on ten scientific articles with both quantitative and qualitative design which are audited after Willmans et al (2006) audited protocols. Results: The patients in the studies experienced a negative impact on their life related to the pressure ulcer. The analysis resulted in five themes including: pain, mobility, emotional impact, bodily impact and also impact on the autonomy and social life. Conclusions: People with pressure ulcer experience a physical, mental and social impact. Quality of life was lower in all these aspects. Key terms: Bodily, emotional, pain, pressure ulcer, social.

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The last decade has seen the rise of a new trinity of supermodels, the so-called Insta-girls, Kendall Jenner, Gigi, and Bella Hadid. Besides mastering the art of digital self-promotion, they belong to famous Californian families with strong ties to show business. Their impressive climb to the top has made them the most followed and paid models in the fashion industry. Nevertheless, their role in contemporary visual and celebrity culture has been scarcely inquired about by academics. The aim of this thesis is to explore through a critical visual analysis of their representations how and if the newfound role of social media as a source of stardom is challenging established myths of celebrity and ingrained high fashion beauty ideals. Firstly, through the use of Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of the ‘Field’ and Olivier Driessens’ schema of ‘Celebritization’, it is analyzed how the Insta-girls have designed their personas, their public mask, mimicking previous templates of the fashion modeling field. Secondly, through the lenses of Sandra Lee Bartky and Susan Bordo, two feminist theorists who have assessed and discussed how women regulate and discipline their bodies, this thesis shows how the Insta-girls, despite their celebrity status, have been scrutinized according to the rigid body standards required of fashion models.

<p>Numerous studies have suggested that shyness and sociability may be orthogonal personality traits, each of which are associated with distinct behavioural and psychophysiological correlates. Shyness has been linked to a variety of adverse mental health outcomes, and individuals who are high on both shyness and sociability (conflicted subtype) may be particularly at risk. The current study first aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale (RCBSS; Cheek, 1983) before examining the moderating influence of sociability on shyness in relation to psychological and psychosomatic functioning. The internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and convergent/discriminant validity of the RCBSS was assessed using a sample of 152 university students, a subset of whom were tested 6 months later. Results provided support for the strong internal consistency and short- and long-term stability of the measure, as well as its convergent, divergent, and predictive validity.</p> <p>A significant shy X social interaction was found for the Bodily Preoccupations (BP) subscale of the Illness Attitudes Scale (IAS; Kellner, 1986, 1987). In particular, BP scores were significantly higher for the high shy-high social group than the low shy-high social group. This finding suggests that the conflicted subtype can be distinguished not only on behavioural and psychophysiological dimensions but also on the psychosomatic level. This result extends prior research and lends further evidence towards the notion that the treatment of shyness as a multidimensional construct, rather than a unitary construct, accounts for additional variance in psychosomatic outcomes in different types of shy and socially withdrawn individuals. Accordingly, this knowledge may better inform treatment in some cases of extreme shyness in which people are socially withdrawn and inhibited for different reasons.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)