Orientador: Milva Maria Figueiredo De Martino / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T01:40:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andreoli_CarlaParadaPazinatto_D.pdf: 2612922 bytes, checksum: 9bd8bce829aaf9cf0113b467e4aef0e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Introdução - O sistema de temporização do organismo humano se expressa pela ritmicidade de seus eventos fisiológicos e são conhecidos por ritmos biológicos ou circadianos pelo fato de imprimirem variações periódicas e comportamentais. Naturalmente, a temperatura corporal exibe uma flutuação diária que resulta da inter-relação contínua entre ritmicidade e homeostase. A sincronização dos horários depende de uma tendência individual caracterizada pelos cronótipos que são parâmetros biológicos e comportamentais apresentados com diferenças interindividuais que afetam a expressão dos ritmos circadianos. Contudo os seres humanos têm a capacidade de se adaptar a mudanças diárias, embora a vida proporcione situações que geram desequilíbrio físico e emocional. Essas manifestações são reações de estresse e refletem sobremaneira no desempenho pessoal e profissional. O estudo e o trabalho noturno são condições que propiciam o surgimento de sintomas de estresse e levam a consequências negativas para a saúde física, social, afetiva e profissional. Objetivo - Analisar a ritmicidade circadiana da temperatura oral, identificar o cronótipo e os índices de estresse em estudantes e em profissionais da enfermagem dos turnos diurno e noturno. Método - Estudo descritivo, transversal, com enfoque quantitativo e comparativo, em que participaram estudantes (n=56) e profissionais de enfermagem (n=34). Os estudantes cursavam o 3º e o 5º período do Curso de Graduação de Tecnologia em Estética e Cosmética e os profissionais da equipe de Enfermagem da Santa Casa de Misericórdia. Utilizaram-se os seguintes instrumentos: Questionário de informações pessoais; Questionário para identificação de indivíduos matutinos e vespertinos elaborado por Horne e Östberg (1976) e adaptado para o Brasil por Benedito-Silva et al. (1990) e Inventário de Sintomas de Stress de LIPP (ISSL, 1989). Para as medidas da temperatura oral usaram-se termômetros clínicos digitais de haste flexível, e as medidas foram verificadas a cada três horas pelos dois grupos do estudo. Resultados - Observaram-se para o tempo de trabalho entre os profissionais de enfermagem o valor médio de 10,9 anos (dp±8,4) e para os estudantes trabalhadores valores médios de 10,1 anos (dp±9,6), demonstrando diferença significante (p<0.0001). Verificou-se quanto ao gênero, para o grupo de estudantes 96.43% do sexo feminino e 82,35% para os profissionais de enfermagem. Os resultados da temperatura oral, dos estudantes do período da manhã, demonstraram os seguintes parâmetros: Mesor = 36.4609, Amplitude = 0.2335 e a Acrofase =14.4658, com (p - valor = 0.0009) e para os profissionais de enfermagem: Mesor = 36.2196, Amplitude = 0.4007e a Acrofase =15.0746, com (p - valor < 0.0001). A comparação entre os cronotipos e as fases do estresse mostrou dados significantes pelo (Teste Fisher, p=0.0311). As comparações dos sintomas do estresse entre os grupos demonstraram dados significantes (Teste Fisher, p=0.0139). Conclusão. Observou-se que a curva da temperatura ajustou se a uma curva senoide demonstrando ritmicidade circadiana. Para a classificação do cronotipo obteve-se prevalência do tipo indiferente para a equipe de enfermagem e para os estudantes o tipo vespertino. Verificou-se a presença de sintomas de estresse físicos para a enfermagem e os sintomas psicológicos nos estudantes / Abstract: Background: The time system of the human body is expressed by the rhythmicity of its physiological events and known by biological or circadian rhythms by the fact of producing periodical and behavioral variations. The body temperature naturally exhibits a daily fluctuation resulting from the continuous interrelationship between rhythmicity and homeostasis. The time synchronization depends on an individual trend characterized by chronotypes, which are biological and behavioral parameters presented with interindividual differences that affect the expression of circadian rhythms. However, human beings are capable of adapting to daily changes, although life may provide situations that generate physical and emotional imbalance. These manifestations are stress reactions and reflect greatly on personal and professional performance. Study at night and night work shift are conditions that favor the appearance of stress symptoms and lead to negative consequences for physical, social, emotional, and professional health. Objective: Analyze circadian rhythmicity of oral temperature, identify the chronotypes and stress indexes in students and nursing professionals of day and night shifts. Method: A quantitative descriptive transverse quantitative approach and comparative study comprising students (56) and nursing professionals the (34). The students attended the 3th and 5th periods at the undergraduate course in esthetics and cosmetics technology, and the nursing professionals worked at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia. The following instruments were used: personal information questionnaire; questionnaire for identification of morning and afternoon individuals elaborated by Horne and Östberg (1976) and adapted to Brazil by Benedito-Silva et al. (1990); and LIPP stress symptom inventory (ISSL, 1989). Digital clinical thermometers of flexible stem were used for measuring oral temperature, and measurements were verified every three hours in the two groups of study. Results: Working time among nursing professionals observed a mean of 10.9 years (SD ± 8.4) and for the students workers average of 10.1 years (SD ± 9.6), demonstrating a significant difference (p <0.0001). It was observed that belong to females 96.43% for the group of students and 82.35% for nursing professionals. The results of oral temperature, students of the morning, showed the following parameters: 36.4609 = mesor, amplitude and acrophase = 0.2335 = 14.4658 with (p - value = 0.0009), and nursing professionals: mesor = 36.2196, Amplitude = 0.4007 and acrophase = 15.0746 with (p - value <0.0001). Associations between the chronotype and stress phases generally showed significant data (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.0311). Comparisons of stress symptoms between the groups, it was observed that significant data (Fisher's exact test, p =0.0139). Conclusion: It was observed that the temperature curve fitted to a sine curve showing circadian rhythmicity. For the classification of chronotype was obtained prevalence of type indifferent to the nursing profissionals and students the type evening. It is the presence of physical symptoms of stress for nursing and psychological symptoms in students / Doutorado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Doutora em Ciências da Saúde

Introduction: although there are disagree, it has been suggested that antipyretics can reduce body temperature during exercise in different environment conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of paracetamol on body temperature, ammonia metabolism and performances after exercise under a low heat stress environment. Methods: eight male endurance-trained cyclists were divided into two groups: paracetamol (PCT) and placebo (PLA) supplementation, double-blind and crossover. Both groups performed a 30 min cycling session followed by a maximum test (TE). Body temperature and blood samples were obtained at rest, during and after exercise. Cognitive-motor tasks were performed before and after the cycling session, and the exhaustion time was used to evaluate physical performance. Results: PLA body temperature increased significantly for moments 30 min and TE (37.5 ± 0.17 ºC and 37.4 ± 0.13 ºC, respectively), but not in PCT group. The blood ammonia, urea and urate concentrations there was no significant difference between the groups. A significant increase in lactate was observed at the TE moment in both groups. There was no significant difference in the exhaustion times between the groups and cognitive-motor tasks after the protocol. Conclusion: PCT (500 mg) delayed the elevation of body temperature during the continuous exercise, but not during the maximal incremental test. However, no effects were observed in plasma ammonia and physical or cognitive-motor performances because of PCT under low heat stress conditions. / Introdução: Embora haja discordância, sugere-se que os antipiréticos reduzem a temperatura corporal durante o exercício físico em diferentes condições ambientais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito agudo do paracetamol na temperatura corporal, metabolismo da amônia e desempenho após o exercício sob um ambiente com baixo estresse térmico. Métodos: Oito ciclistas treinados do sexo masculino, foram divididos em dois grupos: suplemento com paracetamol (PCT) e placebo (PLA), duplo-cego e crossover. Ambos os grupos realizaram uma sessão de ciclismo de 30 minutos e logo em seguida realizaram teste de exaustão (TE). A temperatura corporal e as amostras de sangue foram obtidas em repouso, durante e após o exercício. Os testes cognitivo-motores foram realizadas antes e depois da sessão de ciclismo, e o tempo de exaustão foi utilizado para avaliar o desempenho físico. Resultados: a temperatura corporal do PLA aumentou significativamente nos momentos 30 min e TE (37,5 ± 0,17ºC e 37,4 ± 0,13ºC, respectivamente), mas não no grupo PCT. As concentrações de amônia, ureia e urato no sangue não apresentaram diferença significante entre os grupos. Observou-se um aumento significante no lactato no momento TE em ambos os grupos. Não houve diferença significante nos tempos de exaustão entre os grupos e nos testes cognitivo-motores após o protocolo. Conclusão: PCT (500 mg) atrasou a elevação da temperatura corporal durante o exercício contínuo, mas não durante o teste incremental máximo. No entanto, não foram observados efeitos no amônia plasmática e no desempenho físico ou cognitivo-motor devido ao PCT sob condições de baixo estresse térmico. / São Cristóvão, SE

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:53:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Pepino Bastos.pdf: 4641063 bytes, checksum: b561cc3e6ce8ff140fb329e91d1cc713 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-25 / Background: The digital infrared imaging thermography is a non-invasive imaging exam of easy performance accurately to measure temperatures of the areas of the animals body. The objective was to study the physiological variations of the surface temperature of the mammary gland, vulva, pelvis, thorax and abdomen with digital infrared imaging thermography in negative dairy cattle with California mastitis test (CMT) in different seasons, and the influence of climatic factors in these temperatures. Materials, Methods & Results: 18 Holstein cows, pregnant and non pregnant were used, negative for the California Mastitis Test, grazing on Urochloa decumbens pasture, receiving 2 kg of corn / animal / day, mineral mix and ad libitum water. Infrared thermography was performed every 30 days, for five months: January, February, March, April and May with thermographic camera (E40®, FLIR, Sweden) in the areas of the body: vulva, mammary gland, pelvis, abdomen and thorax. The thermal images (thermograms) were processed using the Flir Tools 2.1® program. The climatic factors: room temperature and relative humidity were monitored with globe thermometer (ITitwtg 2000®, Instrutemp, Brazil). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and the average compared by 5% Tukey test. For room temperature data, relative humidity, rectal temperature and for the areas of the body we used Pearson correlation to 5%. For climatic factors, among the samples, room temperature and relative humidity, there was a significant difference (P <0.05). To the skin surface temperatures of the body areas examined: vulva, pelvis, ischium, abdomen, thorax and mammary gland, among the samples, there were differences (P <0.05) with lower temperatures of the areas in March and May samples, compared to the months of January, February and April. The average temperatures of the surfaces of the examined areas vary for the vulva between 33 °C and 38 °C; ischium, pelvis and abdomen between 30 °C and 37 °C; teats between 28 °C and 37 °C; Cistern of mammary quarter between 32 °C and 38 °C; and thorax from 31 °C to 37 °C. There were significant correlations (P<0.01) between: rectal temperature x room temperature (0.49); Rectal temperature x relative humidity (- 0.37). To the surface temperatures of all areas of the body examined, there were significant correlations (P<0.01) with the room temperature between 0.73 and 0.85; and between - 0.57 and - 0.75 for the relative humidity. Discussion: The animals showed no behavioral change during the thermography examination. In dairy cattle it is recommended the use of infrared thermography as a routine test to measure the temperatures of the areas of the body. Climatic factors, room temperature and relative humidity influence the rectal temperatures and the body surfaces of the cows. Conclusions: The areas of the body examined by infrared thermography showed different temperatures, in the same data collection, showing physiological temperature variations that assist in the clinical evaluation of each of the areas examined. The thermographic images were saved and processed easily, quickly and in a practical way, recommending the use of thermal imaging by infrared for routine as imaging test complementary to the clinical examination of the mammary gland and of the body areas in dairy cattle. / Introdução: A termografia digital por infravermelho é um exame de imagem não invasive de fácil realização com precisão para mensurar temperaturas das áreas do corpo dos animais. Objetivou-se estudar as variações fisiológicas relevantes às variações de temperatura da superfície da glândula mamária, vulva, pelve, tórax e abdômen com termografia digital por infravermelho em vacas de leite negativas ao California mastitis test (CMT), em diferentes épocas do ano, e a influência de fatores climáticos nessas temperaturas. Materiais, Metodos & Resultados: Foram utilizadas 18 vacas da raça Holandesa, gestantes e não gestantes, negativas para a California Mastitis Test, mantidas em pastagem Urochloa decumbens, recebendo 2 kg de milho/animal/dia, sal mineral e água ad libitum. Termografia por infravermelho foi realizada a cada 30 dias, durante cinco meses; de janeiro a maio, com câmera termográfica (E40®, FLIR, Suécia) nas áreas do corpo: vulva, glândula mamária, pelve, abdome e tórax. As imagens térmicas (termogramas) foram processadas usando o programa Flir Tools 2.1®. Os fatores climáticos: temperatura ambiente e umidade relativa do ar foram monitoradas com termômetro de globo (ITitwtg 2000®, Instrutemp, Brasil). Os dados foram analisados pela análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. Para os dados da temperatura do ambiente, umidade do ar, temperatura retal e das áreas do corpo, utilizou-se correlação de Pearson a 5%. Para os fatores climáticos, entre colheitas, temperatura ambiente e umidade relativa do ar, houve diferença significativa (P<0,05). Para as temperaturas da superfície da pele das áreas do corpo examinadas: vulva, pelve, ísquio, abdomen, tórax e glândula mamária, entre colheitas, houve diferença (P<0,05) com menores temperaturas das áreas nas colheitas de março e maio, em relação aos meses de janeiro, fevereiro e abril. As temperaturas médias das superficies das áreas examinadas variaram para a vulva entre 33°C e 38°C; ísquio, pelve e abdomen entre 30°C e 37°C; tetos entre 28°C e 37°C; cisterna do quarto mamário entre 32°C e 38°C; e tórax entre 31°C a 37°C. Houve correlações significativas (P<0,01) entre: temperatura retal x temperatura ambiente (0,49); temperatura retal x umidade relativa do ar (- 0,37). Para as temperaturas da superfície de todas as áreas do corpo examinadas, houve correlações significativas (P<0,01) com a temperatura ambiente entre 0,73 e 0,85; e entre 0,57 e 0,75 para a umidade relativa do ar. Discussão: Os animais não apresentaram mudança de comportamento durante o exame de termografia. Em vacas leiteiras recomenda-se o uso da termografia por infravermelho como exame de rotina para mensurar as temperaturas das áreas do corpo. Os fatores climáticos temperatura ambiente e umidade relativa do ar influenciam nas temperaturas retal e das superficies do corpo das vacas. Conclusões: As áreas do corpo examinadas pela termografia por infravermelho apresentaram temperaturas distintas, em uma mesma colheita de dados, mostrando variações fisiológicas de temperatura que auxiliam na avaliação clínica de cada uma das áreas examinadas. A temperatura ambiente e a umidade relativa do ar influenciam na temperatura retal e de áreas da superfície do corpo. As imagens termográficas foram salvas e processadas com facilidade, rapidez e de forma prática, recomendando-se o uso da termografia por infravermelho de rotina como exame de imagem complementar ao exame clinico da glândula mamária e de áreas do corpo em vacas de leite.

The coefficient of body temperature change (K) ranged from -0.53 to -0.072 for bass weighing 73-1440 g. The double log regression of K on weight was similar to that reported for other poikilotherms (slope = -0.57; R = 0.93). Fingerling bass were eurythermal, being capable of surviving instantaneous temperature changes over a 20 C range at acclimation temperatures of 15, 25 and 30 C and over a 15 C range at acclimation temperatures of 20 and 35 C. Preferred temperatures for adult bass measured in the laboratory ranged from 27-32 C with no relationship to day or night. The overall mean preferred temperature was 29 C. The laboratory determined preferred temperatures were supported by limited field determined body temperatures taken in a vertical temperature gradient near the discharge of a power plant effluent. Routine metabolic rates of bass from a heated reservoir and a nearby hatchery were similar from 10-30 C in summer and winter. The weight exponent (0.77) and Q^gS (1*6-2.9) were similar to those published for more northern bass populations; however, the Texas bass had lower metabolic rates than those published for the northern populations. Bass exposed to rapid temperature increase (0.2 C/min) from 25-30 C increased their metabolic rate by 53% but showed no detectable increase in opercular rate. Bass warmed from 30-35 C and 30-33 C increased their metabolic rate by 140%, and their opercular rates increased to over 100 beats per minute before death.

Orientador: Fábio Luiz Camargo Villela Berbert / Resumo: Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar protocolos de agitação do EDTA aplicando dois diferentes tipos lasers de diodo de alta potência, comparando-os com os métodos de agitação convencional e com o ultrassom, quanto à extrusão apical, alteração de temperatura, resistência à fratura radicular e análise de pH na dentina radicular. Material e Métodos: Essa pesquisa experimental ex-vivo, utilizou 120 pré-molares inferiores, unirradiculados, com ráizes retas, com rizogênses completa e com tamanho radicular superior a 16mm, pré-selecionados por meio de radiografia digital. Suas coroas foram removidas, padronizando as raízes em 16 mm, seguido do preparo com a lima K#15 K#20 e o sistema reciproc R25, R40 e R50, 1 mm aquém do comprimento real do dente, com irrigação durante o preparo com NaOCl a 2,5%. Os espécimes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 6 grupos segundo protocolos de irrigação final: AD- água destilada (controle), CV- inundação com EDTA 17% e agitação com lima K #50, PUI- inundação com EDTA 17% agitado com ultrassom (Passive ultrasonic irrigation-PUI), PUI/CUI- inundação com EDTA 17% agitado com ultrassom (PUI) e irrigação com água destilada, agitada com ultrassom (Continuous ultrasonic irrigation-CUI), TL- inundação com EDTA 17% agitado com laser diodo Thera Lase Surgery, e GE- EDTA 17% agitado com laser diodo Gemini. Após irrigação final, todos os dentes foram irrigados com água destilada para remoção do EDTA. Resultados: Na avaliação da extrusão apical foi real... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate EDTA agitation protocols by applying two different types of high-power diode lasers, comparing them with conventional agitation methods and with ultrasound, in relation to apical extrusion, temperature change, fracture resistance root and pH analysis in root dentin. Material and Methods: This ex-vivo experimental research used 120 lower premolars, uniradicular, with straight roots, with complete rhizogenesis and with root size greater than 16mm, pre-selected by means of digital radiography. Their crowns were removed, standardizing the roots by 16 mm, followed by preparation with the K # 15 K # 20 file and the reciproc system R25, R40 and R50, 1 mm below the actual length of the tooth, with irrigation during preparation with NaOCl to 2.5%. The specimens were randomly distributed into 6 groups according to final irrigation protocols: AD- distilled water (control), CV- flood with 17% EDTA and agitation with K # 50 file, PUI- flood with 17% EDTA agitated with ultrasound (Passive ultrasonic irrigation-PUI), PUI / CUI- flooding with 17% EDTA stirred with ultrasound (PUI) and irrigation with distilled water, stirred with ultrasound (Continuous ultrasonic irrigation-CUI), TL- flooding with 17% EDTA stirred with laser diode Thera Lase Surgery, and GE-EDTA 17% stirred with Gemini diode laser. After final irrigation, all teeth were irrigated with distilled water to remove EDTA. Results: In the evaluation of the apical extrusion, the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Bei einer MRT in Sedierung steht der potentielle Wärmeverlust über die Körperoberfläche einem Temperaturanstieg durch die Absorption von Energie aus dem Hochfrequenzfeld der Sendespule gegenüber. Bei Schädel-MRT-Untersuchungen in bereits vorliegenden Studien (1,5T, 3T) konnte mittels Ohrtemperaturmessung vor und nach der MRT ein Temperaturanstieg von 0,5 ° C bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern gemessen werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollte untersucht werden, ob bei 3T-MRT-Untersuchungen unterschiedlicher Körperregionen und Dauer in Propofol-Sedierung bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern eine Zu- oder Abnahme der Körpertemperatur stattfi ndet und ob eine kontinuierliche Temperaturüberwachung auf der Haut eine verlässliche Messmethode ist. In der klinischen Observationsstudie wurden 50 Kinder im Alter bis zu 6 Jahren eingeschlossen und eine 3T-MRT in Propofol-Sedierung durchgeführt (ASA 1 und 2). Erstmalig erfolgte die Temperaturüberwachung kontinuierlich axillär mit einem Fiber TEMPTM Reusable Fiber-optic Surface Temperature Sensor (Invivo, Orlando/Florida, USA). Zur Kontrolle wurde die Ohrtemperatur vor und nach der MRT mit einem Infrarotthermometer First Temp Genius (Covidien Deutschland GmbH) gemessen und vegetative Reaktionen dokumentiert. Es zeigte sich ein mit der Literatur vergleichbarer signi fikanter mittlerer Temperaturanstieg auf der Haut von 36,4 ± 0,5 °C auf 36,9 ± 0,5 ° C auch bei unterschiedlichen Untersuchungszeiten und -regionen. Die nachgewiesene Erwärmung ist bei gesunden Kindern nur von geringer klinischer Relevanz. Es sind bei einer 3T-MRT-Untersuchung weder eine verstärkte Wärmezufuhr noch eine Kühlung notwendig, um Säuglinge und Kleinkinder normotherm zu halten. Ist bei speziellen Indikationen eine kontinuierliche Temperaturüberwachung notwendig, liefert ein faseroptischer Temperatursensor korrekte Daten. / In case of MRI in infants and children during propofol sedation the potential loss of body temperature confronts the temperature increase due to the absorption of energy from the high-frequency field of the transmitter coil. Therefore the physician must be aware of both effects when caring for sedated children. Objective of the present study is the effect of 3T-MRI of different body regions and scan duration on body temperature measured continuously in propofol sedated infants and children, which was not performed previously. 50 children in the age up to 6 years have been included in the observational study carried out between October 2008 and March 2009 at the Department of Pediatric Radiology, University of Leipzig. They underwent an elective 3T-MRI while sedated with propofol. The temperature monitoring has been carried out continuously axillary with a new fiber-optic sensor. For control, the tympanic temperature has been measured prior and after the MRI-examination with an infrared thermometer. A significant (p<0,05) medial temperature increase from 36,4 ± 0,5 °C to 36,9 ± 0,5 °C was evident measured axillarly with the fiber-optic sensor. Heart rate and oxygen saturation were stable throughout the MRI scan. In healthy children, the measured increase of temperature during 3T-MRI is only of minor clinical relevance. If a continuous temperature monitoring is necessary in cases with special indications e.g. critical ill children, a fiber-optical temperature sensor generates reliable data.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Recent studies in anesthetized rats suggest that autonomic effects relating to thermoregulation that are evoked from the preoptic area (POA) may be mediated through activation of neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH). Disinhibition of neurons in the DMH produces not only cardiovascular changes but also increases in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and locomotor activity mimicking those evoked by microinjection of muscimol, a GABAA receptor agonist and neuronal inhibitor, into the POA. Therefore, I tested the hypothesis that all of these effects evoked from the POA are mediated through neurons in the DMH by assessing the effect of bilateral microinjection of muscimol into the DMH on the changes evoked by microinjection of muscimol into the POA in conscious rats. In addition, I tested the hypothesis that neurons in the DMH mediate a specific response that is thought to signal through the POA, the activation of the HPA axis evoked by systemic administration of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. After injection of vehicle into the DMH, injection of muscimol into the POA elicited marked increases in heart rate, arterial pressure, body temperature, plasma ACTH and locomotor activity and also increased Fos expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), a region known to control the release of ACTH from the adenohypophysis, and the raphe pallidus, a medullary region known to mediate POA-evoked sympathetic responses. Prior microinjection of muscimol into the DMH produced a modest depression of baseline heart rate, arterial pressure, and body temperature but completely abolished all changes evoked from the POA. Microinjection of muscimol just anterior to the DMH had no effect on POA-evoked autonomic and neuroendocrine changes. Inhibition of neuronal activity in the DMH only partially attenuated the increased activity of the HPA axis following systemic injections of IL-1β. Thus, neurons in the DMH mediate a diverse array of physiological and behavioral responses elicited from the POA, suggesting that the POA represents an important source of inhibitory tone to key neurons in the DMH. However, it is clear that the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β must employ other pathways that are DMH-, and possibly POA-, independent to activate the HPA axis.

No description available.

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13490号 / 論医博第2258号 / 新制||医||1059(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 渡邉 大, 教授 稲垣 暢也, 教授 長船 健二 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Achievement of endothernic capacity is vital for independence from ambient temperature changes, sustained activity, optimal biochemical reactions and optimization of parental care. During early avian development, the core tenets of transition from ectothermy to endothermy are development of metabolic capacity (oxygen consumption, mitochondrial bioenergetics), enhanced cardiovascular function (heart rate and cardiac output), pulmonary ventilation and thermogenic capacity. Thyroid hormones, particularly T3, are key metabolic regulators of basal metabolism, thermogenesis, pulmonary ventilation and mitochondrial respiration. Thyroid hormone fluctuation patterns during both precocial and altricial avian endothermic transition suggest a prominent role in maturation of endothermy, cardiovascular, respiratory and skeletal muscle physiology. This body of work explores effects of T3 manipulations in two avian species: the precocial Pekin duck and the altricial Red-winged Blackbird. Increased plasma T3 during late incubation resulted in increased cardiac mass, elevated resting and intrinsic heart rate, intrinsic mean arterial pressure, increased cholinergic tone and blunted alpha-adrenergic tone in the precocial Pekin duck. In both Pekin duck and Red-winged blackbird, plasma T3 levels correlated with changes in the trajectory of endothermic ontogeny, systemic oxygen consumption, thermogenesis, maturation of pulmonary ventilatory function, altered growth and effects on skeletal and cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetics. These observations support the role of thyroid hormones as metabolic and developmental regulators at the time of attainment of endothermy during the perinatal period in precocial and altricial avian species. Insights into the role of thyroid hormone as a metabolic and development regulator at the time of avian endothermic attainment provide a more thorough understanding of metabolic and physical transitions a hatchling bird must undergo to reach the adult endothermic phenotype. Such insights also deepen understanding of the complex role thyroid hormones play in homeostasis and offer implications about the evolutionary history of endothermic capacity.