Zugl.: Lund, University, Diss., 2008.

Många förskoleklasser är ålagda att arbeta med Bornholmsmodellen för att öka den språkliga medvetenheten hos barnen. Forskning visar på att ett tidigt arbete med barns språkliga medvetenhet innan läsinlärningens start har stor betydelse för barns läsinlärning. Med Bornholmsmodellen jobbar man med språklekar för att stimulera barnens språkliga medvetenhet. Syftet med undersökningen är att ta reda på hur Bornholmsmodellen uppfattas av verksamma pedagoger inom två kommuner samt vad dessa anser finns för olika fördelar och nackdelar med metoden. Vidare så undersöks det om Bornholmsmodellen upplevs vara effektiv för barns språkliga medvetenhet och utveckling samt på vilka sätt den anses vara det. Genom arbetets gång undersöktes det även om andra metoder fanns kopplade till Bornholmsmodellen. Metoder för undersökningen har varit intervjuer med åtta informanter från två olika kommuner samt enkäter som besvarats av fyrtiotvå informanter från två olika kommuner. Undersökningen visar att Bornholmsmodellens syfte i att göra barn språkligt medvetna upplevs som framgångsrik. De flesta informanterna anser att Bornholmsmodellen saknar att ge barnen ett sammanhang i undervisningen vilket pedagoger med rätt förutsättningar från kommun och skolledning lyckas skapa genom att använda sig av andra metoder integrerat med Bornholmsmodellen. / Many preschool classes are required to work with a method named Bornholm model to increase the linguistic awareness among children. Research shows that working with children's linguistic awareness in an early stage is of great importance for children's reading skills. With help from the Bornholm model, you work with language games to stimulate the children's linguistic awareness. The aim of the study was to find out how the Bornholm model are being interpreted by active teachers in two municipalities, as well as their thoughts about what different advantages and disadvantages they considered in relation to the method. Furthermore, the results will show if they feel that the method is effective for children's linguistic awareness and development and in what way they feel it is so. The study will also show whether other methods connect to the Bornholm model. Methods of investigation have been interviews with eight informants from two different municipalities as well as questionnaires answered by forty-two informants from two different municipalities. The result shows that the purpose of the Bornholm method in making children become literally aware successfully perceived. The Bornholm method lacks a context integrated in teaching situations, which educators with the right conditions from the municipality and school management succeed in creating through different methods integrated with the Bornholm model.

The purpose of this study is to investigate students who struggle with their reading, from pre-school to first grade with the help of Bornholm test (it is important to know that the students have not been diagnosed, it may be due to early reading). The ambition is to know about and how the difficulties develop and how they perform on a new Bornholm test and a hearing comprehension test. The study is a follow-up and in-depth study of hearing comprehension and phonological awareness among students struggling with their reading. In order to fulfill the purpose, the following questions have been formulated: What parts of the Bornholm test showed the students difficulties? How does the result look after a new test is done to the same students in first grade? How do the same students perform on a hearing comprehension test? The results showed that these students had problems in four areas: to determine how many sounds a word consists of, to determine which word is the longest and phonem-graphem correspondence as well as understanding rimes. After six months, a new test was done that showed that eight out of ten students showed phonological development while two out of ten students still had difficulties. The hearing comprehension test performed by the students showed that the two students who still experienced difficulties with phonological development also had difficulties in replying the text in the correct order and finding their own statements. The students that showed a phonological development also performed well on the hearing comprehension test.

Yes / Ancient human mobility at the individual level is conventionally studied by the diverse application of suitable techniques (e.g. aDNA, radiogenic strontium isotopes, as well as oxygen and lead isotopes) to either hard and/or soft tissues. However, the limited preservation of coexisting hard and soft human tissues hampers the possibilities of investigating high-resolution diachronic mobility periods in the life of a single individual. Here, we present the results of a multidisciplinary study of an exceptionally well preserved circa 3.400-year old Danish Bronze Age female find, known as the Egtved Girl. We applied biomolecular, biochemical and geochemical analyses to reconstruct her mobility and diet. We demonstrate that she originated from a place outside present day Denmark (the island of Bornholm excluded), and that she travelled back and forth over large distances during the final months of her life, while consuming a terrestrial diet with intervals of reduced protein intake. We also provide evidence that all her garments were made of non-locally produced wool. Our study advocates the huge potential of combining biomolecular and biogeochemical provenance tracer analyses to hard and soft tissues of a single ancient individual for the reconstruction of high-resolution human mobility. / The Danish National Research Foundation; The Carlsberg Foundation, L'Oreal Denmark-UNESCO; The ERC agreement no. 269442

Many actors are taking advantage of the flexible barriers to entry of the tourist industry to engage in the production of varied forms of tourism closely related to their lifestyle, professional and communal ambitions. With the increased popularity of forms of tourism bringing the guest close to the host, it becomes relevant to ask questions related to lived experiences and close encounters in tourism scholarship. This is a moral conviction that the plurality of human experiences and critical reflexivity matter in the conception of tourist spaces and their management. In this thesis, I look for new ways to conceptually embed local people in their living spaces by approaching forms of tourism displaying non-economic elements as phenomena that create new and complex relations imbued with various implications. Tourism geography highlights the negotiated and fragmented nature of tourism, and its performative and embodied character. I apply relational geography to apprehend the multiple relations that make up local spaces and identities. With its post-structural character, relational geography uncovers voices once neglected in research, and proposes new ways of being in the world. My two qualitative case studies reflect my interest in exploring the northern European context. Firstly, I investigate craft-artists on Bornholm, Denmark and their relation to the tourist season. I do this through interviews and narrative analysis. My second case study, a focused ethnography at Sólheimar eco-village, Iceland, centres on the management of host and guest interactions.  In terms of spatial formation, results show that local actors have the agency to form networks and redefine their identities in the wake of tourism development. They form a hybrid space by fulfilling goals related to their lifestyle, livelihood and professional ambitions simultaneously. Moreover, mundane practices are presented as an integral part of a tourist landscape. In terms of management, results show that the various spatial complexities faced by communities exacerbate host and guest relations. This will require a commitment from local coordinators and managers to promote a reflexive and critical exchange during these close encounters. I ultimately argue for the imagination of tourist spaces as living spaces, where I conceptualize tourism as a mundane, yet complex, material and social experience for those living in tourist spaces. I propose two new discursive anchors that reflect the metaphor of the living space: dwelling in the tourist landscape, and sincere encounters. I contend that researching living spaces finds its moral grounds in its openness to the various ways local people dwell and encounter during tourism, and to the diverse ways researchers make sense of these practices, and of their own.

The study seeks to investigate four preschool teachers’ views of making literacy learning a pleasurable experience in preschool class and to identify any differences in their views. The study is based on interviews with four teachers with at least ten years’ experience of work in preschool class. The teachers work in three different municipalities. The result shows that making literacy learning pleasurable is a complex concept, which means that a varied way of working is necessary so that as many pupils as possible will find learning to read a pleasurable experience. Above all, the teachers make learning to read a pleasure through shared activities, in which play, reading aloud and linguistic awareness are important elements in the teaching. The Bornholm model is a common denominator in the work of learning to read for the four preschool teachers, as a consequence of which the teachers’ views of making literacy learning pleasurable are relatively similar.

This thesis studies the negotiation of political power between the Danish absolutist state, the local government on Bornholm, and its subjects there during the winter of 1738–1739. The aim is to better understand how political power was negotiated in a peripheral region of an early modern state, but also to explore what caused this interaction to begin with and why its eventual outcome was a compromise by the state. The empirical evidence consists mostly of documents created and obtained by an investigative commission formed by the Danish king in 1738 in response to an anonymous letter that accused the local government on Bornholm of corruption and serious criminal offences. The local government had become complicit in peasants’ squatting on disputed land that technically belonged to the king. It will be argued that there existed a distinct political culture on Bornholm that shaped these negotiations and their outcome. Furthermore, the work of the commission and the eventual compromise made by the state demonstrates how this political culture collided with Copenhagen officials’ designs for the island at the time. The investigation into the behaviour of the governor of Bornholm and his eventual treatment sheds light on the role and boundaries of such early modern local officeholders, but also reveals how officials such as him were protected by nepotism and kinship within the Danish absolutist state. Finally, it will be argued that the anonymous letter that led to the establishment of the commission was the product of local conflicts that had escalated to a point of desperation. / <p></p><p></p>

During the Late Bronze Age, the number of metal objects in the Baltic Sea region increased tremendously.  Mobility and interaction in this northern inland sea intensified. This occurred in a period of prehistory when the ship was the predominant symbol in southern Scandinavia. The ship can be found in rock carvings, on bronze objects and by way of erected stone monuments: stone ship settings. These stone ships are mainly to be found in the Baltic Sea region, with a marked concentration on Gotland. The stone ship settings and their landscape context are the focus of this dissertation. The objective is to clarify whether it is possible to find evidence of social groupings of people in the Nordic Late Bronze Age (1100-500 BC), by focusing on the stone ship monument, adopting a maritime approach. These people might have been part of a maritime institution specializing in trade and long distance journeys during this period, thus achieving a more advanced maritime way of life in the Baltic Sea. Are the ship settings an expression of these specific groups of people, who utilized their practices to position and articulate themselves in the landscape? If such maritime institutions can in fact be traced, there must also be uniformly structured locations for these groups of people to meet in, some kind of antecedents of harbours. By taking an inland sea, the Baltic Sea, as a geographical demarcation, a different perspective of prehistory is attained. The area in the Late Bronze Age and earliest Iron Age (950/900-200 BC) differed from the Nordic Bronze Age sphere. The communities around the Baltic Sea, through the establishment and sharing of mutual interests, seem to have reached a certain degree of consensus. This concordance might well be largely explained by the complex dependency on metal. Such a manifestation would not have been possible without an infrastructure or network, in this case a maritime one. This is something which has previously been overlooked in discussions on the Bronze Age in the Baltic Sea.

The topic of my diploma thesis is the Danish foreign policy between the years 1945 and 1949 and its relation to the Danish national identity. The main research question is, if and how the Danish national identity influenced the state's shift from the traditional neutrality policy to the North Atlantic Agreement. To understand the national narrative I use a discoursive analysis of selected sources, mainly the daily press and political speeches intended for public. I focuse not only on the image Danes had about them selves, but also on their view of the other agents of the international relations - mainly on the Soviet Union, the United States and the North. Keywords: Denmark, USA, Greenland, Occupation of Bornholm, NATO, UN, Marshall Plan, Easter Crisis 1948

The purpose of this survey is to get more understanding of what reading and writing difficulties really mean, as well as the methods that can be used to support students with reading and writing difficulties. In order to arrive at a result, I have used two research methods, qualitative interview and observation of three teachers. The results of the survey show that most teachers work on a specific method, the Bornholm method, in their teaching and that support can develop the student's learning, but they did not have much knowledge or experience about other methods in the field. All teachers who participated in the survey con- sidered that I pad/computer is a good complement in teaching for those students with reading and writing difficulties. The result can be linked to the socio-cultural theory that says that through the support of some or some tools, all children have the opportunity to develop their thinking. Through the support that the students get, it is the language and support structure that develops the learning. / Syftet med denna undersökning är att få mer förståelse för vad läs- och skrivsvårigheter egentligen innebär för lärare och skola, samt vilka metoder man kan arbeta med för att stötta elever som har läs- och skrivsvårigheter samt på vilken grundval lärare gör sitt metodval för att arbeta språkutvecklande. För att komma fram till ett resultat har jag använt mig av två olika forskningsmetoder, kvalitativ intervju och observation av tre lärare. Resultatet i undersökningen visar på att de flesta lärare arbetar med en specifik metod, Bornholmsmetoden, i sin undervisning samt att stöttning kan utveckla elevens lärande, men att lärarna inte hade någon större kunskap eller erfarenhet om andra metoder inom området. Samtliga lärare som deltog i undersökningen ansåg att Ipad/ dator är ett bra komplement i undervisningen för de elever som har läs- och skrivsvårigheter. Resultatet kan kopplas till den sociokulturella teorin som säger att via stöd av någon eller något redskap, har alla barn möjligheten att utveckla sitt tänkande. Genom stöttningen som eleverna får, är det språket och stödstrukturen som utvecklar lärandet.