Värdering av fastigheter sker i stor utsträckning idag och används som underlag vid t.ex. ett köp eller vid en försäljning. Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva och diskutera processen vid värdering av ägarlägenheter och problem relaterat till detta. Detta görs i samverkan med två forskningsfrågor som innefattar (1) vad ligger tillgrund för dessa problem och (2) hur kan dessa problem kan lösas.I studien har två metoder används. Den första är en litteraturstudie i vilken tidigare forskning inom områdena värdering och ägarlägenheter har granskats och sammafattats. Den andra är en intervjustudie med yrkesverksamma lantmätare, fastighetsvärderare och mäklare, detta för att tillföra ett mer praktiskt underlag till studien.Litteraturstudien visar hur Jordabalken definierar och förklarar innebörden av 3D fastigheter och ägarlägenheter. Vidare ges de kriterier som skall uppfyllas vid bildandet av en ägarlägenhet vilket t.ex. endast kan ske vid nyproduktion eller i befintlig byggnad som inte har använts som bostad under de senaste åtta åren. De olika bostadsformerna som idag finns i Sverige tas upp i litteraturstudien, vilka är hyrerätt, bostadsrätt, kooperativ hyresrätt, småhus och ägarlägenhet. Vidare förklaras även olika typer av värderingsmetoder där ortsprismetoden innebär användandet av jämförelseobjekt och nyckeltal.Intervjustudien ger en bild över hur värdering av ägarlägenheter fungerar i praktiken. Värderingen sker genom en typ av ortsprismetod med ett utökat område för insamlande av jämförelseobjekt genom att bostadsrätter används som jämförelseobjekt. Intervjustudien visar även på hur okunskap och osäkerhet på marknaden påverkat etableringen av ägarlägenheter i Sverige. Detta försvårar processen med att värdera ägarlägenheter eftersom underlaget för värderingen brister och försvårar bedömningen av värdet.De problem som uppkommer vid värdering av ägarlägenheter beror på bristfälligt underlag vid användandet av ortsprismetoden. Problemet skulle kunna lösas genom en förbättrad registerhållning av sålda bostadsrätter samt genom att minska den försiktighet och okunskap som nu råder kring ägarlägenheter. / Valuation of properties is widely used today as a basis for such as a purchase or a sale. The purpose of this study is to describe and discuss the process when valuing ownership apartments and problems related to this. This is done in collaboration with two research questions that are (1) what the basis for these problems are, and (2) how these problems can be solved.Two methods are used in the study: a literature review in which research in the areas of valuation and ownership apartments has been reviewed and summarized to form a basis for the study. Also an interview study is made with professional surveyors, property valuers and brokers, in order to give a more practical basis for the study.The literature shows how Jordabalken explains the meaning of 3D buildings and ownership apartments. In which the criteria’s that must be met by the formation of a ownership apartment is given, which among other things only can be in new construction or existing building that has not been used as a residence for the last eight years. The different housing forms that currently available in Sweden are also given by the literature which is leasehold, condominium, cooperative leasehold, housing and ownership apartment. It also explains the different types of valuation methods, where location price method involves the use of comparable objects and averages.The interview study presents a picture of how the valuation of ownership apartments today works in practice, which is done by a kind of location price method with an extended area for comparable objects, by that condominiums are used to form a base for averages. The interview study also shows how ignorance and uncertainties of the market affect the establishment of ownership apartments which complicates the process of evaluating these objects by the small amount of comparable objects that are available.The problems that arise when valuing ownership apartments are because of lack of comparable objects when using the location price method, which could be solved by an improved record keeping of sold condominiums and by reducing the precautions and ignorance that now exists around ownership apartments in Sweden.

<p>This paper is written as an examination paper at the University of Jönköping. The subject is chosen by Peab Sweden in Jönköping with whom further cooperation has been hold. The aim is to compare building methods and building materials in Sweden, Finland and Germany for further inspiration for Peab’s own market.</p><p>Background</p><p>The development of the construction industry develops new materials and methods to the market which has been forced by shorter construction times and the environment aspect. To pursue the development, further knowledge exchange should exist between the countries. That ought not to be a problem when the borders have been more open which facilitates import and export. With the paper it occurred interesting issues to take in consideration.</p><p>Implementation, results and conclusion</p><p>To start this investigation focus has been laid on study of the Swedish building project and examination of the (rambeskrivning)frameworks description, the (rumsbeskrivning)room description and at the drawings. Later the building projects and building methods for Finland and Germany have been compared to find differences to Sweden. It has been found that traditions are governing the building in these three countries. Even the market situation of the construction industry is influencing the method- and material choices. Despite the near geographic distance the construction industry in these countries have big differences, like contract writing, housing, ventilations and frameworks. However, it’s questionable if the market in Sweden wants to write the contracts in a different way. More likely then that details like cupboards for dishes have a future on the Swedish market.</p>

This paper is written as an examination paper at the University of Jönköping. The subject is chosen by Peab Sweden in Jönköping with whom further cooperation has been hold. The aim is to compare building methods and building materials in Sweden, Finland and Germany for further inspiration for Peab’s own market. Background The development of the construction industry develops new materials and methods to the market which has been forced by shorter construction times and the environment aspect. To pursue the development, further knowledge exchange should exist between the countries. That ought not to be a problem when the borders have been more open which facilitates import and export. With the paper it occurred interesting issues to take in consideration. Implementation, results and conclusion To start this investigation focus has been laid on study of the Swedish building project and examination of the (rambeskrivning)frameworks description, the (rumsbeskrivning)room description and at the drawings. Later the building projects and building methods for Finland and Germany have been compared to find differences to Sweden. It has been found that traditions are governing the building in these three countries. Even the market situation of the construction industry is influencing the method- and material choices. Despite the near geographic distance the construction industry in these countries have big differences, like contract writing, housing, ventilations and frameworks. However, it’s questionable if the market in Sweden wants to write the contracts in a different way. More likely then that details like cupboards for dishes have a future on the Swedish market.

År 2009 infördes bostadsformen ägarlägenheter i Sverige med syftet att bland annat öka bostadsproduktionen. Det har dock byggts betydligt färre ägarlägenheter än vad som var prognostiserat. Ett vanligt sätt att finansiera ett bostadsköp är genom att ta ett lån vilket gör att bankerna har ett betydande inflytande på bostadsmarknaden. Forskningen kring ägarlägenheter är dessutom begränsad i Sverige. Därför är det intressant att studera vilka faktorer som påverkar bankernas syn på utlåning till ägarlägenheter.  Syftet med studien är att undersöka bankernas syn på utlåning till ägarlägenheter. Syftet har sedan kategoriserats ner i tre frågeställningar utifrån tre olika typer av låntagare som banken kommer i kontakt med. Dessa utgörs av privatpersoner, mindre investerare och byggbolag.  För att uppnå studiens syfte har en kvalitativ metod använts. För att besvara frågeställningarna har tidigare forskning studerats och semistrukturerade intervjuer med banker och fastighetsmäklare har genomförts. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes för att svaren skulle bli jämförbara men att samtidigt respondenterna inte skulle hindras att ta upp egna perspektiv.  Relevanta teorier som identifierats är institutionell teori, informationsasymmetri teori och teori kring riskbedömning och riskhantering. Resultatet från intervjuerna visar att de olika respondenterna har olika syn och att geografiska skillnader förekommer. De intervjuade mäklarna har överlag en mer positiv syn på ägarlägenhetsmarknaden än vad bankerna har. Analysen pekar på att en bristande andrahandsmarknad och låg allmän kännedom om bostadsformen är två aspekter som skapar osäkerhet. Osäkerhet och risk är något som banker behöver ta höjd för vilket därför påverkar bankernas syn på utlåning till ägarlägenheter. / The housing form of ownership apartment was introduced in Sweden in 2009 with the aim of increasing housing production, among other goals. However, significantly fewer ownership apartments have been built than projected. A common way to finance a home purchase is through a loan, giving banks significant influence over the housing market. Furthermore, research on ownership apartments is limited in Sweden. Therefore, it is interesting to study the factors that influence banks' perspectives on lending to ownership apartments. The purpose of this study is to examine banks' views on lending to ownership apartments. The purpose has been categorized into three research questions based on three different types of borrowers that the bank encounters: individuals, small investors, and construction companies.  To achieve the study's purpose, a qualitative method was used. To address the research questions, previous studies have been examined, and semi-structured interviews have been conducted with banks and real estate agents. Semi-structured interviews were chosen to ensure comparability of responses while allowing respondents to provide their own perspectives.  Relevant theories identified include institutional theory, information asymmetry theory, and theories on risk assessment and risk management. The results from the interviews show that the different respondents have varying perspectives, and geographic differences exist. Overall, the interviewed real estate agents have a more positive view of the ownership apartment market compared to the banks. The analysis indicates that a lack of a secondary market and low general awareness of the housing form contribute to uncertainty. Uncertainty and risk are factors that banks need to consider, thereby influencing their views on lending to ownership apartments.