Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-07-18T19:56:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ChristyannBatista.pdf: 3208049 bytes, checksum: cb8882596ff4a5f4b37d22f50c839883 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T19:56:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ChristyannBatista.pdf: 3208049 bytes, checksum: cb8882596ff4a5f4b37d22f50c839883 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-28 / Introduction: the relation of artificial nipples with breastfeeding remains controversial. Studies differ on the influence of pacifiers and bottle feeding and their influence on breastfeeding. Objective: To analyze the sucking patterns of infants known as nipple confusion and their relation to breastfeeding. Methods: a cross-sectional study that evaluated 429 infants, with a mean age of 33.2 ± 13.1 days, attending a child care program at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão between February and October 2016. The infants were evaluated in non-nutritive sucking (NNS) and nutritive sucking (NS) at rest in the maternal breast. The behavior of the feeding was also observed by applying the UNICEF Breastfeeding Observation Form. Multivariate logistic regression was used for association between the use of the nozzles and the NS and NNS patterns. In the observation of the feeding, multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the association of variables. The significance level was 5% (p <0.05). Results: After the adjusted analysis, it was observed that primiparity, born in a private health unit, age less than 28 days, income higher than 5 minimum wages were factors risk of the use of artificial nipples. While receiving guidance on postpartum or pre-natal and postpartum breastfeeding were considered as protective factors. It was found that most of the alterations in the sucking pattern were associated with the use of artificial nipples, and pacifier use showed stronger associations with NNS changes, whereas the use of bottle presented stronger measures with alterations in NS. In breastfeeding observation, bottle feeding was associated with significant increases in negative behaviors for all five aspects of breastfeeding (β positive, P <0.05). And pacifier use was associated with increased negative behaviors observed for all aspects (β positive, P <0.05), performing breast anatomy (β = 0.08; P = 0.135). Conclusion: the use of pacifiers and bottle feeding was associated with incorrect sucking patterns and was expressed through an incorrect feeding, demonstrating the existence of nipple confusion. Early identification of difficulties in breastfeeding is essential to give the baby and mother the opportunity to enjoy all the benefits that breastfeeding promotes. / Introdução: permanece controversa a relação de bicos artificiais com aleitamento materno. Estudos divergem sobre a influência de chupetas e mamadeiras e sua influência sobre a amamentação. Objetivo: Analisar os padrões sucção de lactentes conhecida como confusão de bicos e sua relação com o aleitamento materno. Métodos: estudo transversal que avaliou 429 lactentes, com média de idade de 33,2 ±13,1 dias, atendidos em um programa de puericultura no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão entre fevereiro e outubro de 2016. Os bebês foram submetidos a avaliação de sucção não-nutritiva (SNN) em repouso e nutritiva (SN) em seio materno. Foram também observados o comportamento da mamada aplicando-se o Formulário de Observação da Mamada do UNICEF. Regressão logística multivariada foi utilizada para associação entre o uso dos bicos e os padrões de SN e SNN. Na observação da mamada, realizou-se análise de regressão linear múltipla para investigar associação de variáveis. O nível de significância foi de 5% (p <0,05) Resultados: Após a análise ajustada, observou-se que nascer em unidade de saúde privada, idade menor que 28 dias, renda maior que 5 salários mínimos e ser o primeiro filho foram fatores de risco para o uso dos bicos artificiais. Enquanto que receber orientações sobre amamentação no pós-parto ou no pré-natal e pós-parto foram considerados fatores de proteção. Detectou-se que a maior parte das alterações no padrão de sucção estava associada ao uso de bico artificiais, sendo que o uso da chupeta apresentou medidas de associações mais fortes com alterações na SNN, enquanto que o uso de mamadeira apresentou medidas mais fortes com alterações na SN. Na mamada, o uso de mamadeira estava associado com o aumento significativos de comportamentos negativos para todos os cincos aspectos da mamada (β positivo, P < 0,05). E o uso de chupeta estava associado com o aumento de comportamentos negativos observados para todos os aspectos (β positivo, P < 0,05), executando a anatomia das mamas (β = 0,08; P = 0,135). Conclusão: a utilização de chupetas e mamadeira esteve associada a padrões incorretos de sucção e expressou-se através de uma mamada incorreta, demonstrando a existência da confusão de bicos. A identificação precoce de dificuldades no aleitamento é fundamental para dar ao bebê e a mãe a oportunidade de usufruir de todos os benefícios que a amamentação promove.

Introduktion: Sekretorisk media otit (SOM) är den vanligaste öronsjukdomen och uppkommer oftast i efterförloppet till akut media otit (AOM). Om barnet får SOM leder det till hörselnedsättning som kan påverka språklig utveckling och ge beteendeproblem. Etiologin bakom SOM anses vara multifaktoriell. Barnets tryck i mellanörat kan påverkas vid flaskmatning. Allergier, bakteriella/virus infektioner och inflammationer har också betydelse för utvecklandet av SOM. Syfte: att studera frekvensen av att använda nappflaska och liggande position vid flaskmatning relaterat till sekretorisk media otit och akut media otit i samband med rörbehandling. Metod: En deskriptiv tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ ansats. Datainsamling skedde via enkäter som besvarades av närstående till barn 2- 5 år som genomgått rörinsättning på öronoperation. Resultat: 103 barn med närstående deltog i studien. 87% av barnen som genomgick rörinsättning använde eller hade använt nappflaska och av dessa barn låg 55% i planläge. Hereditet gällande SOM kunde skönjas. Konklusion: Studien visade hög frekvens av flaskmatning där lite mer än hälften, 55% låg i planläge men studiens begränsning kunde inte åskådligöra samband med planläge och SOM. Det är av vikt att belysa faktorer som har betydelse för utveckling av SOM för att minska behov av rörbehandling. Dessa faktorer kan sjuksköterskan informera närstående om via hälsoundervisning för att öka barn och närståendes empowerment. / Introduction: Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) is the most common ear disease and arises mostly in the end of akut media otit (AOM). If a child contracts OME, it will result in a hearing loss which can affect the verbal development and may lead to behavior difficulties. The etiology behind OME is considered to be multifactorial. A child’s middle ear pressure may be affected by bottle nursing. Furthermore, the development of OME may be caused by allergies, bacterial/virus infections and inflammations. Purpose: To study the frequency of using a feeding bottle while the child is lying down related to OME and AOM when tube insertion. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. A survey data collection was used wherein the people who were surveyed were close family to two to five year old children, who have had ear tubes inserted. Result: 103 children with their close family participated in the study. 90% of these children who went through an ear tube insertion used or had used a feeding bottle and 50% of them lied down as they were fed. The heredity regarding SOM could be picked out. Conclusion: The study showed a high frequency of bottle nursing where just over the half (55%) lied down, but the restriction of the study could however not visualize the relation between lying down and SOM. Moreover, it is important to bring up the factors that are significant for the development of SOM to decrease the need of ear tube treatment/insertion. The nurse can inform close family about these factors through health education in order to increase children and close family´s empowerment.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to compare the relative influence of the socioeconomic status of both mothers and fathers on feeding method and cosleeping. METHODS: The time and method of feeding and sleeping were recorded in a log during the 4th-week postpartum and analyzed according to the parental Hollingshead Index of Social Position in 33 families with their first newborn. RESULTS: The effect of socioeconomic status on feeding and sleep was parent specific. Low socioeconomic status of the mother, but not the father, was associated with cosleeping (t ≤ 2.39, P < .01); whereas, a low socioeconomic status of the father, but not the mother, was associated with bottle-feeding rather than breast-feeding (t ≤ 1.94, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic status of the parents differentially affects neonatal care. Programs to increase breast-feeding rates would be most effective if designed for and aimed at the fathers. Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that breastfed newborns spend more time awake than bottle‐fed newborns, breastfeeding mothers have more fragmented sleep than bottle‐feeding mothers, and mother‐newborn sleeping arrangements may affect the sleep/wake pattern of mother‐newborn pairs. Objective: To address the unsolved question of whether there is an interaction between type of feeding and sleeping arrangements that affects postpartum sleep during the 4th postpartum week. Design: Correlational, two‐way design using feeding method and location of newborn at night as independent variables, and sleep patterns as the dependent variables.Setting: Patient's home during 4th week after giving birth. Patients/Participants: First‐time mothers and their newborns (n = 33). Main Outcome Measures: Amount of total sleep, amount of night sleep, number of night awakenings, and number of sleep periods in 24 hours using a modified version of the self‐report sleep instrument by Barnard and Eyres. Results: Breastfed newborns had less total sleep per day than bottle‐fed newborns, and breastfeeding mothers had more sleep periods in 24 hours than bottle‐feeding mothers. Breastfeeding mothers slept more than bottle‐feeding mothers when co‐sleeping, but bottle‐feeding mothers’ sleep was unaffected by location of newborn. Average total sleep for 4‐week‐old newborns was about 14 hours daily. Conclusions: More sleep was obtained when breastfeeding mothers slept with the newborn. Methods or devices that allow breastfeeding mothers and newborns to sleep next to each other in complete safety need to be developed.

Este trabalho analisou a prevalência de cárie e sua correlação com fatores sociodemográficos e cuidados de higiene bucal em 145 crianças com fissura labiopalatina (GF) na faixa etária de 7 a 66 meses, comparando os resultados com 130 crianças sem fissura (GC), na mesma faixa etária. A prevalência de cárie foi avaliada pelo índice ceo-d, e as famílias responderam um questionário contendo perguntas sobre hábitos dietéticos e de higiene bucal e fatores sociodemográficos. Os resultados foram avaliados por estatística descritiva e comparados pelos testes qui-quadrado, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. O índice ceo-d médio foi 1,5 para o GF e 0,8 para o GC, sem diferença estatística (p=0,072). A maioria (99% no GF e 98,5% no GC) relatou realizar higiene bucal na criança, havendo receio em realizar este procedimento por 26,6% no GF e 6,3% no GC (p<0,001). A introdução de açúcar foi mais precoce no GF (p<0,001), enquanto a mamadeira de madrugada após os seis meses de idade foi mais frequente no GC (p=0,023). A higiene bucal foi iniciada mais precocemente no GF (p<0,001). A análise da ocorrência de cárie por dente revelou maior prevalência no GF para os dentes 55 (p=0,025), 52 (p<0,001), 51 (p=0,022), 62 (p<0,001) e 65 (p=0,006). Foi observada correlação significativa entre cárie e o aumento da idade e número de dentes presentes para o GF (p<0,001 para ambos) e GC (p=0,002 e p=0,004, respectivamente). Foi observada associação significativa entre cárie e renda familiar apenas para o GC (p=0,028). / This study analyzed the prevalence of dental caries and its correlation with sociodemographic factors and oral hygiene care in 145 children with cleft lip and palate (GF) aged 7 to 66 months, compared to 130 children without clefts (GC), at the same age range. The caries prevalence was analyzed by the dmft index, and the families responded to a questionnaire containing questions on dietary and oral hygiene habits and sociodemographic factors. The results were assessed by descriptive statistics and compared by the chi-square, Mann- Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests and Spearmans correlation coefficient. The mean dmft was 1.5 for GF and 0.8 for GC, without statistical difference (p=0.072). Most individuals (99% in GF and 98.5% in GC) reported performing oral hygiene in the child, with fear to perform this procedure by 26.6% in GF and 6.3% in GC (p<0.001). The introduction of sugar occurred earlier in GF (p<0.001), while bottle feeding at night after six months of age was more frequent in GC (p=0.023). The oral hygiene was initiated earlier in GF (p<0.001). Analysis of the occurrence of caries per tooth revealed higher prevalence in GF for the teeth 55 (p=0.025), 52 (p<0.001), 51 (p=0.022), 62 (p<0.001) and 65 (p=0.006). Significant correlation was observed between dental caries and increase in age and in number of present teeth for GF (p<0.001 for both) and GC (p=0.002 and p=0.004, respectively). Significant association between dental caries and family income was only observed for GC (p=0.028).

O crescimento é um processo dinâmico que muda ao longo da vida. O crescimento ósseo é um evento multicausal no qual, além dos fatores biológicos, intervêm outras características como as relacionadas ao nível socioeconômico, à raça, ao período perinatal, aos hábitos, entre outros. Este estudo objetivou identificar fatores associados ao crescimento transversal do osso maxilar representado pela medida da distância intermolar superior. Foi realizado um estudo seccional aninhado numa coorte, com uma amostra de 158 crianças entre 7 e 9 anos de idade das escolas urbanas de Acrelândia, município da Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira. A variável dependente foi a distância intermolar superior, medida entre as fossas centrais dos primeiros molares superiores permanentes. A partir da idade da introdução da mamadeira foi desenvolvida uma escala assumindo valores de 1 a 10. O sexo, o peso ao nascer, o padrão de uso da mamadeira e o escore Z do índice de massa corporal (IMC) para a idade foram consideradas como variáveis independentes, sendo analisadas por meio de modelo de equações estruturais (MEE). Foram encontrados efeitos diretos positivos significativos do sexo (CP=0,203; p=0,007), peso ao nascer (CP=0,155; p=0,046) e escore Z do IMC para a idade (CP=0,165; p=0,030) sobre o crescimento transversal do maxilar. Os efeitos indiretos (CP=0,058; p=0,029) e o efeito total (CP=0,262; p=0,000) do sexo sobre o desfecho mostraram significância estatística. Os efeitos indiretos do peso ao nascer sobre o desfecho não foram significativos (CP=0,018; p=0,508), porém, o efeito total foi significativo (CP=0,174; p=0,023). Em conclusão, o sexo, o peso ao nascer, a idade de introdução da mamadeira e o escore Z do IMC para a idade associam-se ao crescimento transversal do osso maxilar. Além de contribuir para um adequado peso ao nascer da criança, políticas e programas que favoreçam o cuidado pré natal e condições para garantir um parto a termo podem repercutir positivamente no crescimento transversal do maxilar. Do ponto de vista da Vigilância em Saúde, crianças com peso ao nascer diminuído, padrão inadequado de aleitamento materno e déficit nutricional para a idade podem apresentar maior probabilidade de desenvolver atrofia dos maxilares podendo, conforme a gravidade, redundar numa oclusopatia com importante impacto na qualidade de vida / Growth is a dynamic process that changes throughout life. Bone growth is a multicausal event in which other characteristics such as socioeconomic level, race, perinatal period, habits, and others are involved in addition to biological factors. This study aimed to identify with the associated factors transverse growth of the maxillary bone represented by the superior intermolar distance. A cross-sectional survey nested in a population-based cohort study was conducted with a sample of 158 children aged 7 to 9 years old from the urban schools of Acrelandia, a small town in the Brazilian Western Amazon. The dependent variable was the upper intermolar distance measured between the central fossae of the first permanent maxillary molars. From the age of bottle introduction, a scale was developed assuming values from 1 to 10. Sex, birth weight, bottle introduction scale and Z score of body mass index (BMI) for age (BAZ) were considered as independent variables, being analyzed with structural equations model (SEM). Significant direct positive effects of sex (CP=0,203; p=0,007), birth weight (CP=0,155; p=0,046) and BAZ (CP=0,165; p=0,030) on transverse maxillary growth were found. The indirect effects (CP=0,058; p=0,029) and the total effect (CP=0,262; p=0,000) of sex on the outcome were statistically significant. The indirect effects of birth weight on outcome were not significant (CP=0,018; p=0,508), however, the total effect was significant (CP=0,174; p=0,023). In conclusion, sex, birth weight, bottle beginning age and BMI Z score for age showed association with the transverse growth of the maxillary bone. In addition to contributing to an adequate birth weight of the child, policies and programs that favor prenatal care and conditions to guarantee a full-term birth can positively affect transversal growth of the maxilla. From a Health Surveillance point of view, children with reduced birth weight, inadequate breastfeeding pattern and nutritional deficit for age may be more likely to develop atrophy of the jaws which, depending on the severity, may result in malocclusion with an important impact on quality of life

O crescimento é um processo dinâmico que muda ao longo da vida. O crescimento ósseo é um evento multicausal no qual, além dos fatores biológicos, intervêm outras características como as relacionadas ao nível socioeconômico, à raça, ao período perinatal, aos hábitos, entre outros. Este estudo objetivou identificar fatores associados ao crescimento transversal do osso maxilar representado pela medida da distância intermolar superior. Foi realizado um estudo seccional aninhado numa coorte, com uma amostra de 158 crianças entre 7 e 9 anos de idade das escolas urbanas de Acrelândia, município da Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira. A variável dependente foi a distância intermolar superior, medida entre as fossas centrais dos primeiros molares superiores permanentes. A partir da idade da introdução da mamadeira foi desenvolvida uma escala assumindo valores de 1 a 10. O sexo, o peso ao nascer, o padrão de uso da mamadeira e o escore Z do índice de massa corporal (IMC) para a idade foram consideradas como variáveis independentes, sendo analisadas por meio de modelo de equações estruturais (MEE). Foram encontrados efeitos diretos positivos significativos do sexo (CP=0,203; p=0,007), peso ao nascer (CP=0,155; p=0,046) e escore Z do IMC para a idade (CP=0,165; p=0,030) sobre o crescimento transversal do maxilar. Os efeitos indiretos (CP=0,058; p=0,029) e o efeito total (CP=0,262; p=0,000) do sexo sobre o desfecho mostraram significância estatística. Os efeitos indiretos do peso ao nascer sobre o desfecho não foram significativos (CP=0,018; p=0,508), porém, o efeito total foi significativo (CP=0,174; p=0,023). Em conclusão, o sexo, o peso ao nascer, a idade de introdução da mamadeira e o escore Z do IMC para a idade associam-se ao crescimento transversal do osso maxilar. Além de contribuir para um adequado peso ao nascer da criança, políticas e programas que favoreçam o cuidado pré natal e condições para garantir um parto a termo podem repercutir positivamente no crescimento transversal do maxilar. Do ponto de vista da Vigilância em Saúde, crianças com peso ao nascer diminuído, padrão inadequado de aleitamento materno e déficit nutricional para a idade podem apresentar maior probabilidade de desenvolver atrofia dos maxilares podendo, conforme a gravidade, redundar numa oclusopatia com importante impacto na qualidade de vida / Growth is a dynamic process that changes throughout life. Bone growth is a multicausal event in which other characteristics such as socioeconomic level, race, perinatal period, habits, and others are involved in addition to biological factors. This study aimed to identify with the associated factors transverse growth of the maxillary bone represented by the superior intermolar distance. A cross-sectional survey nested in a population-based cohort study was conducted with a sample of 158 children aged 7 to 9 years old from the urban schools of Acrelandia, a small town in the Brazilian Western Amazon. The dependent variable was the upper intermolar distance measured between the central fossae of the first permanent maxillary molars. From the age of bottle introduction, a scale was developed assuming values from 1 to 10. Sex, birth weight, bottle introduction scale and Z score of body mass index (BMI) for age (BAZ) were considered as independent variables, being analyzed with structural equations model (SEM). Significant direct positive effects of sex (CP=0,203; p=0,007), birth weight (CP=0,155; p=0,046) and BAZ (CP=0,165; p=0,030) on transverse maxillary growth were found. The indirect effects (CP=0,058; p=0,029) and the total effect (CP=0,262; p=0,000) of sex on the outcome were statistically significant. The indirect effects of birth weight on outcome were not significant (CP=0,018; p=0,508), however, the total effect was significant (CP=0,174; p=0,023). In conclusion, sex, birth weight, bottle beginning age and BMI Z score for age showed association with the transverse growth of the maxillary bone. In addition to contributing to an adequate birth weight of the child, policies and programs that favor prenatal care and conditions to guarantee a full-term birth can positively affect transversal growth of the maxilla. From a Health Surveillance point of view, children with reduced birth weight, inadequate breastfeeding pattern and nutritional deficit for age may be more likely to develop atrophy of the jaws which, depending on the severity, may result in malocclusion with an important impact on quality of life

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janaina de Alencar Nunes.pdf: 1200700 bytes, checksum: 9562c3ba48d89c4e421580a3a848bb23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The feeding represents continuous challenge for the responsible ones for the nutrition of the premature (RNPT), a time that the specific alimentary techniques and the varied types of foods can affect the development, the morbidade and mortality, therefore, the OBJECTIVE of this research was to evaluate the techniques of feeding (cup and finger-feeding) used with RNPT, in relation the physiological parameters and the interaction mother and baby, by means of two complementary studies. To take care of to this proposal the thesis it was divided in two studies: 1. Physiological answers in premature babies in offer of the diet: comparison enters the techniques of cup and sounding finger-feeding, simultaneously to the breastfeeding (AM). 2. Physiological answers, level of estresse and interaction complementarily mother-baby of RNPT fed for cup and sounding finger-feeding, simultaneously to the AM. METHODS: Research approved for the committee of ethics in research, under the protocol nº. 448.410 (Brazil Platform). Study 1: One is about a simultaneous clinical assay. The sexos, interned in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (UTIN) of the State Public Hospital in the period of October of 2011 had been selected 25 RNPT of both the February of 2012 and that they were being suckled in the breast. The sample was divided in two groups: 8 RNPT that had received the diet in the cup (GCP) and 17 for the sounding finger-feeding (GSD). For the GCP the babies who had been born in day pair and for the GSD had been selected the ones that had been born in uneven day. During it offers of the diet had been written down the minimum and maximum values of the oxygen saturation (SatO2) and cardiac frequency (FC). Study 2: Clinical assay of the simultaneous type. Amongst 31 prematures, 19 RNPT, 9 in GCP and 10 in the GSD had been enclosed. During it offers of the diet had been written down the minimum and maximum values of SatO2 and FC. How much to the AM the contact between mother and premature was observed, aiming at to analyze the interaction enters díade in the three aspects (to hold, to look at and to touch the baby). RESULTS: Study 1 - It was observed how much the International Classification of illnesses (CID-10), SatO2 and FC had not had statistical significant difference between the groups, but when evaluating the factor time, the groups had presented some differences, not continuous in the SatO2 variable. For the weight, the main effect time only presented difference enters the beginning of the fonoaudiológicas interventions and the high one. Study 2- Bigger number of visit of the mothers of the GCP was observed. How much the relations between vital signals of the baby and presence materna, did not have statistical significant difference before enters the periods, during and after the AM between both the groups. In the relation to the interactive behaviors of díade during the AM the groups had not been observed statistical significant differences between both. In the specific evaluation of each group, it was verified that the statistical significant alteration in the state of estresse in the GCP. CONCLUSION: Study 1 In the comparison it enters the groups had not been observed significant differences how much to SatO2 and FC in the RNPT fed for the technique of the cup and sounding finger-feeding. However when evaluating the factor time, the groups had presented some differences, not continuous, that need other studies. Study 2 It did not have alterations in the vital signals and of the interactive behaviors between mother-baby, comparativily, between both the groups. Signals had been verified of estresse during only suck in the group the cup / A alimentação representa contínuo desafio para os responsáveis pela nutrição do prematuro, uma vez que as técnicas alimentares específicas e os tipos variados de alimentos podem afetar o desenvolvimento, a morbidade e a mortalidade, por isso, o OBJETIVO desta pesquisa foi avaliar as técnicas de alimentação (copo e sonda-dedo) utilizadas com RNPT, em relação a parâmetros fisiológicos e a interação mãe e bebê, por meio de dois estudos complementares. Para atender a essa proposta a tese foi dividida em dois estudos: 1. Respostas fisiológicas em bebês prematuros na oferta da dieta: comparação entre as técnicas de copo e sonda-dedo, simultaneamente ao aleitamento materno (AM). 2. Respostas fisiológicas, nível de estresse e interação mãe-bebê de RNPT alimentados complementarmente por copo e sonda-dedo, simultaneamente ao AM. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa aprovada pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa, sob o protocolo nº. 448.410 (Plataforma Brasil). Estudo 1: trata-se de um ensaio clínico simultâneo. Foram selecionados 25 RNPT de ambos os sexos, internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) do Hospital Público Estadual no período de outubro de 2011 a fevereiro de 2012 e que estavam sendo amamentados no seio materno. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: 8 RNPT que receberam a dieta no copo (GCP) e 17 pela sonda-dedo (GSD). Para o GCP foram selecionados os bebês que nasceram em dia par e para o GSD os que nasceram em dia ímpar. Durante a oferta da dieta foram anotados os valores mínimos e máximos da saturação de oxigênio (SatO2) e frequência cardíaca (FC). Estudo 2: Ensaio clínico do tipo simultâneo. Dentre 31 prematuros, foram incluídos 19 RNPT, 9 no GCP e 10 no GSD. Durante a oferta da dieta foram anotados os valores mínimos e máximos da SatO2 e FC. Quanto ao AM foi observado o contato entre mãe e prematuro, visando analisar a interação entre a díade nos três aspectos (segurar, olhar e tocar o bebê). RESULTADOS: Estudo 1 - Observou-se quanto a Classificação Internacional de doenças (CID-10), SatO2 e FC não houveram diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos, mas ao avaliar o fator tempo, os grupos apresentaram algumas diferenças, não contínuas na variável SatO2. Para o peso, somente o efeito principal tempo apresentou diferença entre o início das intervenções fonoaudiológicas e a alta. Estudo 2 - Observou-se maior número de visita das mães do GCP. Quanto as relações entre sinais vitais do bebê e presença materna, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os períodos antes, durante e depois do AM entre ambos os grupos. Na relação aos comportamentos interativos da díade durante o AM não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre ambos os grupos. Na avaliação específica de cada grupo, verificou-se que a alteração estatisticamente significativa no estado de estresse no GCP. CONCLUSÃO: Estudo 1 - Na comparação entre os grupos não foram observadas diferenças significativas quanto à SatO2 e FC nos RNPT alimentados pela técnica do copo e sonda-dedo. Contudo ao avaliar o fator tempo, os grupos apresentaram algumas diferenças, não contínuas, que necessitam de outros estudos. Estudo 2 - Não houve alterações nos sinais vitais e dos comportamentos interativos entre mãe-bebê, comparativamente, entre ambos os grupos. Verificaram-se sinais de estresse durante a mamada somente no grupo copo

<p>The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (2005/06) defines Early Childhood Caries (ECC) as the presence of 1 or more decayed (noncavitated or cavitated lesions), missing (due to caries), or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child 71 months of age or younger. ECC can cause significant problems in preschool children and is a source of considerable societal costs. The South African national oral health survey conducted between the year 1999 and 2002 reported on the caries prevalence in young children. The caries prevalence was 50% in 4-5 year old children with a mean dmft of 2.4 (van Wyk and van Wyk, 2004).The aim of the study is to assess early childhood caries in children 12-24 months in the Mitchell's Plain district of the Western Cape.Objectives are to determine: a) The prevalence and pattern of early childhood caries. b) The relation between early childhood caries and infant feeding practices. c) The relation between early childhood caries and oral hygiene practices of the child.</p> <p>This study is a cross sectional study of ECC of children 12-24 months of age. Parent/child pair attending the Well Baby Clinic at Eastridge/Mitchell's Plain were informed about the study and invited to participate on a voluntary basis. The data collected consisted of a dental examination of 120 children (stratified by age: 60 in 12-18 months age group and 60 in 19-24 months age group) and a questionnaire completed by the accompanying parent/guardian. The dental examination was conducted using the WHO guidelines (Geneva 1997). Child age, tooth status (sound, decayed, filled, extracted, unerupted), and visible dental plaque on maxillary incisors (Spitz et al, 2006) were recorded.The prevalence of ECC for the sample was 23.3% (dmft =0.88). The maxillary incisors had the highest prevalence of decay (14%) followed by the maxillary molars (4%). There was a significant association (p=.006) between duration (12 months and more) of bottle use and presence of caries (40% caries prevalence). There is no significant difference between the different feeding practices (breast, bottle or both) and the presence of caries. There is a high prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (23.3%) in the 12-24 month age group. Early Childhood Caries was related to prolonged (&gt / 12 months) bottle feeding. The association between the presence of dental plaque and ECC was the most significant factor (p= .000).</p>

<p>The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (2005/06) defines Early Childhood Caries (ECC) as the presence of 1 or more decayed (noncavitated or cavitated lesions), missing (due to caries), or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child 71 months of age or younger. ECC can cause significant problems in preschool children and is a source of considerable societal costs. The South African national oral health survey conducted between the year 1999 and 2002 reported on the caries prevalence in young children. The caries prevalence was 50% in 4-5 year old children with a mean dmft of 2.4 (van Wyk and van Wyk, 2004).The aim of the study is to assess early childhood caries in children 12-24 months in the Mitchell's Plain district of the Western Cape.Objectives are to determine: a) The prevalence and pattern of early childhood caries. b) The relation between early childhood caries and infant feeding practices. c) The relation between early childhood caries and oral hygiene practices of the child.</p> <p>This study is a cross sectional study of ECC of children 12-24 months of age. Parent/child pair attending the Well Baby Clinic at Eastridge/Mitchell's Plain were informed about the study and invited to participate on a voluntary basis. The data collected consisted of a dental examination of 120 children (stratified by age: 60 in 12-18 months age group and 60 in 19-24 months age group) and a questionnaire completed by the accompanying parent/guardian. The dental examination was conducted using the WHO guidelines (Geneva 1997). Child age, tooth status (sound, decayed, filled, extracted, unerupted), and visible dental plaque on maxillary incisors (Spitz et al, 2006) were recorded.The prevalence of ECC for the sample was 23.3% (dmft =0.88). The maxillary incisors had the highest prevalence of decay (14%) followed by the maxillary molars (4%). There was a significant association (p=.006) between duration (12 months and more) of bottle use and presence of caries (40% caries prevalence). There is no significant difference between the different feeding practices (breast, bottle or both) and the presence of caries. There is a high prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (23.3%) in the 12-24 month age group. Early Childhood Caries was related to prolonged (&gt / 12 months) bottle feeding. The association between the presence of dental plaque and ECC was the most significant factor (p= .000).</p>