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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Rail track resistance verification considering track-bridge-interaction

Kang, Chongjie 24 November 2021 (has links)
As rails are vital parts of a track system, it is essential to ensure their safe and reliable operation. The present verification approaches and limit values regarding the permissible additional stresses of the rail under compression and tension considering track-bridge-interaction (TBI) were developed in the 1980s. However, with the rapid development of the railway industry and the increasing of train speeds, rail infrastructures are subjected to ever more frequent, greater loads and more complicated loading conditions, especially in the area of bridges. Moreover, the manufacturing technologies of railway components have been further developed. Taking all the aforementioned variations into account, the current verification approaches and limit values do not apply properly today and shall be updated. For this purpose, new investigations are carried out in this dissertation. As major parts of this cumulative dissertation, the published investigations are divided into three main blocks. The first block is the state of the art. In this block, a detailed background knowledge and a state of the art description of the permissible additional stresses in railway tracks due to TBI are given. Furthermore, the motivation for the studies within the scope of this dissertation is addressed. The second block deals with the rail resistance under compressive forces in ballastless track systems. Accordingly, numerical investigations on the behaviour of rails in ballastless track systems under compressive axial forces in the vicinity of bridge joints were performed. Experimental tests were also carried out on two 8.17 m long rails fixed with BSPFF-B-1 and SBS300-1 fasteners on the ÖBB-Porr slab track system. It was found that the rail resistance under longitudinal compressive loads can be largely increased. The third block focuses on the rail resistance under tension. First, extensive experiments were conducted on rail behaviour for up to five million cyclic loads in both vertical and transverse directions under different minimum stress levels. Subsequently, the sectioning method and the X-Ray diffraction method were applied to determine the residual stress distribution in the rail. Afterwards, the determined residual stress results and the fatigue test results are analysed together. As a result, a new comprehensive Smith-diagram, which took into account the actual rail residual stresses, up to five million load cycles in both vertical and transverse directions of the rail, was achieved. In addition, two studies are supplemented. One deals with the fatigue behaviour of rails for up to 50 million load cycles and the other concerns the fatigue behaviour of rails from a different batch for up to five million load cycles. Based on all these aforementioned investigations, it is concluded that the current limit values and approaches regarding the rail resistance in ballastless track systems under compression and tension considering TBI are too conservative. In the end, new verification approaches and limit values are proposed.
12

A 576 m long creep and shrinkage specimen – long-term deformation of a semi-integral concrete bridge with a massive solid cross-section

Herbers, Max, Wenner, Marc, Marx, Steffen 26 February 2024 (has links)
For creep and shrinkage investigations, relatively small cylindrical specimens are generally exposed to constant climatic conditions. The derived mainly empirical prediction models are used for the calculation of large engineering structures with massive cross-sections. In this paper, the expected values of the material models according to fib Model Code 2010 and Eurocode 2 are compared with monitoring data, which were acquired over a period of more than 12 years during a structural health monitoring of a large viaduct. It was found that in addition to the measured continuous increase in the viscous deformations, seasonal fluctuations due to climatic influences could also be detected. The numerical calculations show that the material models differ significantly in their magnitude and time course of the predicted viscous concrete deformations. In comparison with the monitoring data, a good agreement was achieved when using the material models according to Eurocode 2. The models of the fib Model Code 2010, on the other hand, underestimated the deformations of the massive bridge girder.
13

Synthese von Übergangsmetallkomplexen der 4. Nebengruppe zur Herstellung verschiedenartiger Polymere

Meichel, Eduard 12 November 2001 (has links)
Zusammenfassung: Die vorliegende Arbeit lässt sich thematisch in drei Bereiche gliedern. Der erste Teil handelt von der Synthese stark elektronenziehender Ligandensysteme und deren Umsetzung zu Metallocendichloriden. Es zeigt sich, dass die Umsetzung von pentafluorbenzolhaltigem Cyclopentadien, Inden oder Fluoren mit Silizium-Verbindungen nicht zu der gewünschten Reaktion zu Si-verbrücken Systemen führen, sondern, dass sich andersartige Si-F-Moleküle bilden. Zugängliche, unverbrückte Komplexe zeigen im besonderen eine geringe Stabilität im Vergleich zu ’nicht-C6F5-haltigen’ Metallocenen. Die Hauptthematik der Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Synthese von in 2-Position funktionalisierter sowie verbrückter Indene und deren Umsetzung zu Metallocenkomplexen. Hierbei interessiert vor allem der sterische Einfluss der am Ligandensystem sitzenden Gruppen. Die Darstellung der Inden-2-verbrückten Indene erstreckt sich über eine Bromaddition, thermodynamische Freisetzung von HBr, Grignard-Reaktion und anschließender Brückenbildung mit Cyclopentadien- und tert.Butylamineinheiten. Weiterer Bestandteil dieses Abschnitts ist die Umsetzung der synthetisierten Moleküle zu Metallocenverbindungen. Dabei werden auf diesem Wege Sandwich- bzw. Halbsandwich-Komplexe in guter Ausbeute erhalten. Der dritte Bereich beschäftigt sich mit der Umsetzung von Titan-4-chlorid gegenüber unterschiedlichern Trimethylsilyl-substituierten Indenen. Durch Substitution eines Chloratoms durch eine Phenolatgruppe erhält man die Indenyldichlortitanphenolate.
14

Multi-Frequenz-ESR spinmarkierter Proteine

Urban, Leszek 06 December 2012 (has links)
Die Elektronen-Spin-Resonanz-Spektroskopie (ESR) in Verbindung mit ortsspezifischer Spinmarkierung stellt eine hervorragende Möglichkeit dar, um die Struktur und Dynamik von Proteinen aufzuklären. In dieser Dissertation wurden mit Hilfe der Hochfeld-ESR-Spektroskopie (W-Band, 95 GHz, T=160 K) für dreizehn spinmarkierte Colicin A Proben die Polarität und die Protizität der Umgebung der Spinlabelbindestelle bestimmt. Wasserzugänglichkeiten und Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen zum Spinlabel wurden mittels Puls-ESR Methoden (3-Puls-D-ESEEM und Hahn-Echozerfall) bestimmt und die Ergebnisse mit den Polaritäts- und Protizitätswerten korreliert. Raumtemperaturspektren dieser Proben im X-Band (9.5 GHz), Q-Band (34 GHz) und W-Band (95 GHz) liefern Informationen über die Spinlabelbewegung. Mit Hilfe von Molekulardynamiksimulationen (MD) der spinmarkierten kanalbildenden Domäne von Colicin A konnten die Konformationen (Rotameranalyse) und die Dynamik der Spinlabelseitenketten in den unterschiedlichen Umgebungen charakterisiert werden. Der Vergleich der experimentellen mit den aus MD-Trajektorien berechneten ESR-Spektren liefert die Beiträge der unterschiedlichen Rotamerübergänge, die für die beobachteten Spektrenformen charakteristisch sind.

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