Introduktion: Att dia är ett medfött beteende, forskning påvisar stora hälsomässiga och ekonomiska fördelar med amning. Att skydda, stödja och främja amning är en folkhälsofråga. Distriktssköterskans arbete ska vara hälsofrämjande. Syfte: Att beskriva vilket amningsstöd ammande föräldrar uttrycker behov av. Metod: En kvalitativ, systematisk litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats som bygger sitt resultat på 11 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Föräldrarna behövde tidigt amningsstöd som fortsatte under hela amningsperioden. De önskade få ett lugnt och empatiskt bemötande från vårdpersonal med erfarenhet och kunskap om amning. Individuellt stöd gav styrka, beslutsamhet och självförtroende. De önskade samstämmig information som följde rådande rekommendationer. Föräldrar hade behov av praktisk amningsrådgivning, särskilt vid amningsdebut. De behövde positiv uppmuntran och stöd för sin upplevda självtillit för att lyckas amma. Konklusion: Vårdpersonal kan stödja nyblivna föräldrar genom att vägleda föräldern i en första lyckad amning; visa amning som fungerar i mötet med andra föräldrar i amningsgrupp, samt genom positiv respons och en uppmuntran som lär föräldern att se att amningen fungerar. Allt detta leder till förhöjd upplevd självtillit som i sin tur ökar sannolikheten att föräldern lyckas amma. / Introduction: Suckling is an innate behavior, and research shows great advantages in breastfeeding. To protect, support and advance breastfeeding is a public health issue. Public health care should be the district nurse’s main focus. Purpose: To describe what breastfeeding parents express a need for regarding lactation support. Method: A qualitative systematic literature review with inductive approach which is based on 11 scientific papers. Result: The parents needed early breastfeeding support that lasted the whole breastfeeding period. They needed support in a calm and empathetic manner from experienced, knowledgeable healthcare staff. Parents needed individual support that gave strength, determination, and confidence. They wished for unanimous information that was supported by current recommendations. The parents needed practical breastfeeding counseling, especially at the beginning. They needed encouragement and support for their perceived self-efficacy to succeed. Conclusion: Health care staff can give new parents guidance to an early successful breastfeeding experience; show functioning breastfeeding through breastfeeding groups and give positive response while giving encouragement that leads the parent to see that their own breastfeeding is successful and thereby gain increased self-efficacy.

No description available.

This dissertation examines how breastfeeding mothers develop distinct geographies due to the stigma, symbolic and structural violence they encounter while breastfeeding if different spaces. I utilize multiple in-depth semi-structured interviews, participant observation and photo elicitation to develop portraits of four urban mothers. My findings highlight the complexity of motherhood and demonstrate how distinct socio-spatial power dynamics situate and contextualize the experiences of breastfeeding mothers. I find that breastfeeding behaviors are influenced and maintained by broader social inequalities related to their social positions. Mothers seem caught in a paradoxical position, in which they must constantly discipline their bodies to maintain modesty while simultaneously ensuring their continued success breastfeeding. These issues are compounded by a mother's intersecting identities and their own social and cultural contexts.

This thesis examines breastfeeding, weaning, and the post-weaning diets of 18 adults (18y+) and two subadults (aged 10y – 14y) from the rural Imperial Roman (1st – 4th c. CE) site of Vagnari, located in southern Italy. The investigation used a new method to sample dentine sections that accounts for the oblique nature of dentine development and allowed for the assignment of age categories to diagenetically altered teeth without visible dentine lines. The results indicate Vagnari children were weaned by ~3.5y, and that some males appear to have been breastfed longer than females. Despite the similar ages-at-weaning across the sample, the individuals in this study demonstrated a variety of weaning rates (i.e., speeds or paces), post-weaning dietary trends, and changes in diet across the life course. Some individuals (n = 6) appear to have been weaned rapidly, marked by significant removal of breastmilk prior to 2.5y, with small amounts of breast milk remaining in the diet until ~3.5y. Other children (n = 9) were weaned gradually, with slow, consistent removal of breastmilk until as late as 5.0y. Throughout and after the weaning period, children were fed a diet based on C3 plants and terrestrial proteins such as wheat, goat/sheep, and their by-products. A comparison of early life dentine and adult bone collagen signals for 14 individuals revealed changes in diet with increasing age, in which most people had increased access to higher terrestrial food sources such as pork and/or small amounts of marine food later in life. However, there was notable variation in dietary trends and practices across the sample, suggesting diverse dietary patterns among people from Vagnari. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / In this thesis, I used samples from tooth dentine to analyze longitudinal stable isotope data for breastfeeding, weaning, and post-weaning dietary signals in a sample of 20 individuals from the Roman Imperial estate of Vagnari (1st – 4th c. CE) located in southern Italy. On average, children were weaned by ~3.5 years of age. Despite the similar age-at-weaning across the sample, individuals exhibited different weaning patterns and diversity in early life dietary practices at Vagnari. During and after weaning, the isotope data indicate that children were fed with C3 plants (e.g., wheat) and terrestrial proteins such as sheep/goat and pig. I analyzed childhood and adult diet by comparing dentine stable isotope data to bone collagen results from a sub-sample of 14 individuals. There was variability between the childhood dentine data and the adult bone collagen data, where individuals appeared to eat more pork and small amounts of fish later in life. This is the first study to explore breastfeeding and weaning practices of rural Roman children in southern Italy using stable isotope analysis of tooth dentine.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.