The aim of this study was to explore, describe and interpret the experiences of Immunodeficiency Human Virus (HIV) infected mothers regarding exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of the infant’s life. This was a qualitative study with phenomenology as a design as the study was about lived experiences. The sample consisted of HIV infected mothers aged 18 years and above who opted for exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of their infant’s lives. Purposive sampling was used. Data was collected through one to one semi structured interviews of fifteen mothers of babies aged six to twelve months. The study revealed that mothers had both positive and negative experiences which were influenced by among others; the level of support the mothers received, disclosure of HIV status and health education received at the health facility. The findings of the study revealed a low level of understanding of the Infant and Young Child Feeding Policy by health professionals / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

The Healthy People 2010 Objectives for the population of the United States include the objective for women to sustain breastfeeding at a higher rate than they are currently.The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) now recommends that all infants be fed human milk for the first year of life instead of the previously recommended first six months of life. Breastfeeding initiation rates are rising, but breastfeeding duration rates continue to fall. It was hypothesized that the support system of the women may play a role in the duration of breastfeeding. The purpose of this research study was to investigate the support system and breastfeeding rates of mothers during the first six weeks after delivery and to determine if income level had an effect on these systems and rates. Mothers were interviewed during their hospitalization for childbirth regarding their perception of their support system currently in place. A questionnaire was administered regarding support from friends, family members, co-workers, and health care professionals and the responses were quantified. Mothers were contacted weekly to determine if breastfeeding was being sustained and who was the most supportive person to them. At the end of six weeks or when breastfeeding was discontinued, the mothers were interviewed a second time to determine if the support system had changed. The results of this study showed that income level affected the duration of breastfeeding and the mother's perception of her support system. Additionally, the results showed that the evaluation of the support system changed only slightly over time. The results showed preliminary ability of the study tool to predict breastfeeding at six weeks by income.This document was created using Microsoft Word 2003. The statistical package used for data analysis was JMP version 6.

SYFTE: Syftet var att undersöka kvinnors erfarenheter av amning under barnets fyra första månader när de deltagit i amningsförberedande kurs under graviditeten.  BAKGRUND: Amning ger hälsovinster för barnet genom att minska risker att drabbas av olika sjukdomar. För att lyckas med amning önskar kvinnorna stöd från omgivningen samtidigt som egna copingstrategierna har avgörande betydelse. Tidigare studier belyser utvecklingsbehov av amningsutbildningar. DESIGN: Retrospektiv tvärsnittsstudie där svaren på öppna frågor bearbetats med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys METOD: Trehundratre kvinnor svarade på amningshjälpens enkätundersökning september, 2012- mars, 2014. Alla kvinnor hade deltagit i amningskurs som erbjudits på 32 orter i Sverige. Data analyserade med kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. RESULTAT: Resultatet presenteras som två teman och fyra subteman med tillhörande kategorier. Första temat ”stärkt självkänsla när amning fungerar, trots amningsproblem som behöver hanteras” med subteman ”Känna stolthet över fungerande amning” och ”lösa övergående amningsproblem” beskrev kvinnornas erfarenheter av fungerande amningar. Andra temat ”Förlorad självkänsla när amning är en ständig kamp” med subteman ”Kämpa med amning trots amningsproblem som fortsätter, vilket leder till avveckling” och ”Uppleva krossade förväntningar” som visade kvinnornas erfarenheter av misslyckade amningar. KONKLUSION: Flertalet kvinnor var hjälpa av att ha deltagit i en amningsförberedande kurs under graviditeten. Återkommande amningsproblem sänker kvinnans självbild och upplevelse av misslyckande. Barnsjuksköterskor som arbetar på barnavårdscentralerna har en viktig betydelse för kvinnor som behöver extra stöd med sin amning. Resurser bör satsas för att personal på barnavårdscentralerna ska ha uppdaterad amningskunskap och god förmåga att stödja vid amningsproblem.   NYCKELORD: Amning, Amningsutbildning, Self-efficacy, Barnsjuksköterska, Stöd, Barnavårdscentralen / BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding provides health benefits for children. In order tosucceed with breastfeeding, women need support from family and healthcareprofessionals, but their own coping strategies are crucial. Earlier studies highlight theneed for further development of breastfeeding education.DESIGN: A retrospective cross-sectional study with qualitative approach using openquestions to process the answers.METHOD: Between September 2012 and March 2014, 303 women responded toAmningshjälpen’s survey. All women had participated in breastfeeding education.The data was analysed with qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach.RESULTS: The result is presented as two themes and four subthemes withassociated categories. The first theme, “Strengthened self-esteem when breastfeedingworks, despite problems during breastfeeding”, with subthemes “Feeling pride fromsucceeding with breastfeeding” and “Solving breastfeeding problems”, described theexperiences of women who succeeded with breastfeeding. The second theme, “Lostself-esteem when breastfeeding is a constant struggle” with subthemes “Strugglingwith breastfeeding, leading to decommissioning” and “Experiencing crushedexpectations” described the experiences of women who were unsuccessful withbreastfeeding.CONCLUSION: Participating in the breastfeeding education helped many women.Recurrent breastfeeding problems lower the woman’s self-esteem. Nurses have animportant role in supporting women who breastfeed. Resources should be put intomaking sure that pediatric nurses’ education in breastfeeding is up to date, and thatthey have the ability to support women with breastfeeding problems

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:11:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Denise Maria Alves Granja.pdf: 716474 bytes, checksum: 0382da007244c9978954a6fb94ee60bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Introduction: In the beginning of the nineties, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children s Fund (UNICEF) established the Declaration of Innocent, instituting many measures to promote breastfeeding . Researchers indicate that prematurely stopping breastfeeding is connected to the presence of oral habits such as sucking a pacifier or finger. (Lamounier 2003, Chaves2007). Objective: Describe and relate ways of feeding and oral habits in babies of one to six months who participate in a program of speech pathologic intervention in a basic unit of health in the County of Itapecerica da Serra-SP. 1.Method:Casuistic 19 mothers and their babies were attendant between January 2005 to December 2010. 2.Procedure: The study was done using medical records that had been in systematized forms. The information contained the type of food the infant had and the presence or absence of oral suction in early intervention up to 6 months and 29 days of life. The results were submitted using statistical analysis. Results: In the end of intervention, the majority of babies (89.5%) were breastfeeding. And all (100%) don´t show any who were demonstrating proper oral habits were breastfeeding. Conclusion: There was a significant statistical association between breastfeeding and the lack of habits of oral suction (P=0,012) in the population studied. These results suggest that speech pathologic intervention in approach biopsychic influence the prevalence of breastfeeding in comparison with artificial breastfeeding and the reduction of oral habits of nutritive suction not nutritive in the period / Introdução: No início da década de 90, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e o Fundo das Nações Unidas (UNICEF) elaboraram a Declaração de Innocenti , contendo uma série de medidas para promover o aleitamento materno (AM). Pesquisas assinalam que o desmame precoce está associado, entre outros fatores, à presença de hábitos orais de sucção (HOS) nutritiva (mamadeira) e não nutritiva (chupeta, dedo) (LAMOUNIER, 2003; CHAVES, 2007). Objetivo: descrever e relacionar modalidades de alimentação e HOS em lactentes de 01 a 06 meses, que participaram de um programa de intervenção fonoaudiológica em uma unidade básica de saúde do município de Itapecerica da Serra/ SP. Método: 1. Casuística: 19 díades de lactantes e seus lactentes atendidos entre janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2010. 2. Procedimento: Seleção dos sujeitos a partir de prontuários. Categorização dos dados de acordo com: tipo de alimentação do lactente e presença/ausência de HOS do início das intervenções, 1mês, até os 6 meses e 29 dias de vida. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise estatística. Resultados: No final das intervenções a maioria dos bebês (89,5%) estava em AM. E todos (100%) dos que não apresentavam HOS estavam em AM. Conclusão: houve associação estatisticamente significante entre presença de AM e ausência de HOS (p=0,012) na população estudada. Tais resultados sugerem que as intervenções fonoaudiológicas numa abordagem biopsíquica - influenciaram a prevalência do AM em relação ao aleitamento artificial, além da redução dos HOS não nutritiva no período

The aim of this study was to explore, describe and interpret the experiences of Immunodeficiency Human Virus (HIV) infected mothers regarding exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of the infant’s life. This was a qualitative study with phenomenology as a design as the study was about lived experiences. The sample consisted of HIV infected mothers aged 18 years and above who opted for exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of their infant’s lives. Purposive sampling was used. Data was collected through one to one semi structured interviews of fifteen mothers of babies aged six to twelve months. The study revealed that mothers had both positive and negative experiences which were influenced by among others; the level of support the mothers received, disclosure of HIV status and health education received at the health facility. The findings of the study revealed a low level of understanding of the Infant and Young Child Feeding Policy by health professionals / Health Studies / M. A. (Health Studies)

Syfte: Att beskriva BVC-sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter av att vägleda mammor med upplevd amningsproblematik för att främja amning. Bakgrund: Bröstmjölk rekommenderas för spädbarn som enda föda upp till sex månaders ålder. Globalt sett syns en nedåtgående trend gällande amning. Det är av stor vikt att skapa en medvetenhet om amningens fördelar för att främja amningsfrekvensen. Studier visar att kvinnor med amningsrelaterade problem som inte fått stöd av vårdpersonal slutade amma i större utsträckning än de som fått amningsvägledning. BVC-sjuksköterskornas professionella information och bemötande bör grunda sig på kunskap, förståelse och bekräftelse för att stärka mammornas självtillit till amning. Design: En empirisk kvalitativ studie med deskriptiv design och induktiv ansats. Metod: Semistrukturerade enskilda intervjuer med intervjuguide och följdfrågor utfördes mellan januari och maj 2015. Totalt intervjuades elva ändamålsenligt utvalda BVC-sjuksköterskor. Intervjuerna spelades in, transkriberades och analyserades enligt kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Det analyserade materialet resulterade i fyra kategorier; Ge råd och behandling, Motivera amning, Betydelsefullt med stöd från BVC-sjuksköterska och familj och Förmedla kunskap om amning. Slutsats: Att ge stöd och rådgivning vid amningsproblem är av stor vikt för att mammorna ska ta sig igenom problemen och fortsätta att amma. BVC-sjuksköterskorna beskriver att amning inte kan förespråkas till varje pris och att det är viktigt att stödja föräldrarna i deras val för att inte skapa skuld. Att få stöd från partner och familj främjar amningen. Samtliga BVC-sjuksköterskor är överens om att bröstmjölk är det absolut bästa för barnet och att fördelarna med amning tidigt bör förmedlas för att främja amningen och förebygga ett för tidigt avslut. / Aim: To describe child health nurses experiences of guiding mothers with breastfeeding problems to promote breastfeeding. Background: Breast milk is recommended as only food source for infants up to six months of age. Globally seen there´s a downward trend regarding breastfeeding. It is of importance to create an awareness of the breastfeeding benefits to promote the frequency. Studies show that women with breastfeeding problems not supported by health professionals stopped breastfeeding to a greater extent than those who received breastfeeding guidance. Child health nurses information and treatment should be based on knowledge, understanding and acknowledgment to strengthen mothers’ self-confidence in breastfeeding. Design: An empirical qualitative study with descriptive design and inductive approach. Method: Semi-structured individual interviews with an interview guide and supplementary questions were performed between January and May 2015. In total, eleven child health nurses were selected through purposive sampling. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed according to qualitative content analysis. Result: The analyzed material resulted in four categories; Provide advice and treatment, Motivate breastfeeding, Importance of child health nurse and family support and Supply knowledge about breastfeeding. Conclusion: To provide the mothers support and advice is of great importance to help them through breastfeeding problems and to help them proceed breastfeeding. The child health nurses describes that breastfeeding can´t be promoted at all costs and that it´s of importance to support the parents in all of their choices to not create any guilt. Support from partner and family promotes breastfeeding. All of the child health nurses agreed that breastmilk is the absolute best choice for the baby. The benefits of breastfeeding should be mediated early to promote breastfeeding and to prevent an early cessation.

Amningsfrekvensen har i Sverige successivt minskat för varje år och statistik visar kortare amningstid idag än för tio år sedan. Bröstmjölk är den ideala födan för barnet under de första sex månaderna. Den skyddar barnet mot ohälsa samt ökar överlevnaden. En betydelsefull del av arbetet för BVC-sjuksköterskorna är stödja och främja amning samt uppmuntra till upprätthållande av amning. Syftet med studien var att undersöka BVC-sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av amningsrådgivning. En kvalitativ forskningsmetod med deskriptiv design och induktiv ansats har använts. Specialistsjuksköterskor som arbetade på BVC intervjuades för besvarande av studiens syfte. Intervjumaterialet bearbetades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. I resultatet framkom tre kategorier: Amningsrådgivningen baseras på riktlinjer, Behov av individanpassat stöd och Svårt och tidskrävande med amningsrådgivning. I studien framkom det att samtliga BVC-sjuksköterskor använde riktlinjer i amningsrådgivningen samt kompletterade dessa med annan kunskap och litteratur. BVC-sjuksköterskorna gjorde en individuell anpassning av amningsrådgivningen för att tillgodose mödrarnas personliga önskemål. BVC-sjuksköterskorna beskrev amningsrådgivningen som svår och tidskrävande. Resultatet av denna studie bidrar till insikt i vikten av kontinuerligt uppdaterade och förbättrade amningsriktlinjer samt ger en förståelse för BVC-sjuksköterskornas svårigheter med amningsrådgivningen. Studien kan också bidra till en ökad medvetenhet hos BVC-sjuksköterskorna av mödrarnas behov av individanpassad amningsrådgivning. / The breastfeeding rate has gradually declined in Sweden every year and statistics show shorter breastfeeding today than ten years ago. Breast milk is the ideal food for the baby during the first six months. It protects the baby against illness and increase survival. A significant part of the work for the nurses at child health service is to support and promote breastfeeding and encourage the maintenance of lactation. The aim of the study was to investigate the child health service nurses' experience of breastfeeding counseling. Qualitative research with descriptive design and inductive approach has been used. Specialist nurses working in child health service were interviewed for answering the study's purpose. The interview data were processed using qualitative content analysis. The results revealed three categories: Breastfeeding counseling based on guidelines, Need for personalized support and Difficult and time consuming with breastfeeding counseling. The study revealed that all child health service nurses used guidelines in breastfeeding counseling and supplemented these with other knowledge and literature. Nurses at child health service made an individual adjustment of breastfeeding counseling to meet the mothers' personal preferences. The child health service nurses described the breastfeeding counseling as difficult and time-consuming. The results of this study contributes to the understanding of the importance of continuously updated and improved breastfeeding guidelines, and provides an understanding of the child health service nurses' difficulties with breastfeeding counseling. The study may also contribute to an increased awareness for the child health service nurses, of the mothers' need for individualized breastfeeding counseling.

Submitted by Carlos Edduardo Figueiredo (cesfigueiredo@gmail.com) on 2018-02-23T18:29:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 O papel do aleitamento materno na redução da mortalidade infantil no Brasil de 1986 a 2006.pdf: 5008770 bytes, checksum: 7a1a12d1796e13db683db6080c2694f6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2018-02-26T15:25:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 O papel do aleitamento materno na redução da mortalidade infantil no Brasil de 1986 a 2006.pdf: 5008770 bytes, checksum: 7a1a12d1796e13db683db6080c2694f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-02T14:24:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 O papel do aleitamento materno na redução da mortalidade infantil no Brasil de 1986 a 2006.pdf: 5008770 bytes, checksum: 7a1a12d1796e13db683db6080c2694f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-15 / Objectives: This study evaluated the breastfeeding influence in the coefficient of infant mortality and socio-environmental, demographic, prenatal and childbirth care and immunobiologicals use present in the immunization schedule of the Brazilian National Immunization Program contribution in infant mortality, in the period between 1986 and 2006. Metodology: Data were collected from Demographic Health Survey, performed in Brazil in 1986, 1991 and 2006. After selection, the variables were analyzed for association with the outcome (death under one year old). Multivariate analysis was performed using binary logistic regression (software SPSS). After model adjustment, it was possible to identify the variables that best predict the occurrence of death in children under one year old. Results: It was demonstrated that breastfeeding has a protective effect on death in children under one year old. Maternal schooling, water and sewage network at home, number of pre-natal consultations, place of children’s birth and children’s vaccination status also are able to explain the outcome. Limitations: Due to the different objectives of the surveys carried out in the years mentioned above, the records are not standardized. This fact makes it difficult sometimes to demonstrate those variable’s contribution over time. Another limitation was the impossibility of assessing the causality between death and time of breastfeeding. Practical contribution: Improve policies to encourage breastfeeding. Social contributions: Encouragement of breastfeeding. Originality: This study is original since evaluates data incompassing so years. / Objetivo- Este estudo avaliou a influência do aleitamento materno nos coeficientes de mortalidade infantil (MI) e a contribuição de variáveis socioambientais, demográficas, assistência ao pré-natal e ao parto, uso de imunobiológicos presentes no calendário vacinal do Programa Nacional de Imunização, na MI, entre 1986 e 2006. Metodologia- Foram coletadas as informações nos inquéritos do Demographic Health Survey (DHS) realizados no Brasil em 1986, 1991, 1996 e na Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde (PNDS), ocorrida em 2006. Após selecionadas, as variáveis foram analisadas quanto à associação ao desfecho (óbito em menores de 01 ano de idade). Foi realizada análise multivariada, utilizando técnicas de regressão logística binária (software SPSS). Após ajuste do modelo, foram identificadas as variáveis que melhor predizem a ocorrência de óbito em menores de 01 ano. Resultados- Foi demonstrado que o aleitamento materno tem efeito protetor no óbito em menores de 01 ano, em crianças amamentadas. Também explicam o desfecho: escolaridade materna, presença no domicílio de rede de esgoto ou água, número de consultas no pré-natal, local do nascimento e vacinação das crianças. Limitações- Devido aos objetivos distintos das pesquisas realizadas nos anos supracitados, as informações não estão uniformizadas, impossibilitando, algumas vezes, demonstrar a contribuição daquela variável ao longo do tempo. Outra limitação é a impossibilidade de avaliar a causalidade reversa entre óbito e tempo de aleitamento. Contribuições práticas- A partir dos resultados, aprimorar políticas de incentivo ao aleitamento materno Contribuições sociais- Incentivo ao aleitamento materno. Originalidade- O estudo é original por avaliar, simultaneamente, várias pesquisas ao longo de 20 anos

Introducción: La lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) ha probado ser altamente beneficiosa para la salud infantil. Conocer los factores asociados a su abandono es útil para identificar los grupos a los cuales enfocar las intervenciones. Objetivo: Evaluar los factores asociados al abandono de la LME antes de los seis meses en madres de lactantes, residentes en un distrito de Lima. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico que evaluó, a través de una encuesta, a madres de lactantes entre 6-24 meses de un distrito periférico de Lima, Perú, 2013. Se preguntó por la edad en la que se suspendió la LME y se definió como abandono si esta fue previa a cumplir los seis meses de edad. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, factores relacionados a la gestación y parto, así como factores propiamente relacionados a la lactancia. Se calcularon las razones de prevalencia crudas y ajustadas con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%), a través de regresión de Poisson simple y múltiple, respectivamente. Resultados: De 109 madres incluidas en el análisis, 85,3% eran mayores de 18 años y todas presentaban un ingreso económico familiar menor a 250 dólares americanos. Aproximadamente, 70% abandonó la LME. Se encontró asociación con ser primípara (RP: 1,54; IC95%: 1,20-1,98), presentar problemas con el pezón (RP: 1,58; IC95%: 1,07-2,33) y que perciban que su hijo se encuentra insatisfecho con la LME (RP: 1,35; IC95%: 1,01-1,79). Conclusiones: La frecuencia de abandono de LME en la muestra evaluada fue alta. La primiparidad, los problemas con el pezón y el percibir que su hijo se encuentra insatisfecho con la LME fueron factores asociados. Las estrategias preventivas podrían dirigirse especialmente a mujeres con estas características. / Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has proven to be highly beneficial for children’s health. Identifying the associated factors with its cessation is useful in order to target specific groups for preventive interventions. Objective: To evaluate the associated factors with EBF cessation before six months of age in women with infants, living in a district in Lima. Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study was performed. It evaluated mothers with infants aged 6-24 months, in a periurban district in Lima, Peru, 2013. The study outcome was cessation in EBF before six months of age. Sociodemographic variables, factors related to gestation and delivery, and factors properly related to breastfeeding were assessed. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated through simple and multiple Poisson regression. Results: From the 109 mothers included in the analysis, 85.3% were 18 years old or more and all of them had a monthly family income under 250 US dollars. Seventy percent of women interrupted EBF before six months of age. Statistically significant association was found between EBF cessation and being primiparous (PR: 1.54; 95%CI: 1.20-1.98), having problems with the nipples (PR: 1.58; 95%CI: 1.07-2.33) and the perception of infant’s persistent hunger with EBF (PR: 1.35; 95%CI: 1.01-1.79). Conclusion: EBF cessation frequency was high in the study sample. Primiparity, having problems with the nipples and the perception of infant’s persistent hunger with EBF were found as associated factors. Preventive strategies might specially focus in mothers with this characteristics.

Magister Public Health - MPH / World Health Organisation and UNICEF recommend exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months and continuation of breastfeeding for two years and beyond. Despite this recommendation, EBF rates have not been optimal globally, with coverage ranging from 1% - 23% in Europe to 0.3% - 73% in sub Saharan Africa. In Zambia, despite recording an increase in EBF during the first six months of life from 61% (2007) to 73% (2014), there is a rapid decline in EBF as infants get older during the first six months, from 94% among infants aged less two (02) months to 45% among infants aged 4 to 5 months. This study explored mothers’ experiences, perceptions and attitudes towards existing Behavioural Change Communication (BCC) interventions and the possible influence thereof on the adoption of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers of infants under six months in Tazara and Chilonga areas of Mpika district.