Agatha Christie set a number of her popular novels in British colonies in the Middle East, Africa and the Caribbean. While there is a lot of research about the portrayal of the colonised in the Middle East, there is only little to be found on those of Africa and the Caribbean. Therefore, this thesis aims to compare the portrayals of the Middle Eastern, African and Caribbean colonised by analysing Christie's The Man in the Brown Suit, Murder in Mesopotamia, Appointment with Deah, and A Caribbean Mystery.

Les naines brunes sont des objets de masse intermédiaire entre celle nécessaire pour former une étoile et celle d'une planète. Les naines brunes sont classées, des plus chaudes aux plus froides, en types spectraux L, T et Y, caractérisés par une couleur J-K moyenne qui varie de 1.2 à 1.8 pour les étoiles de type L0 à L8, et de 1.8 à -0.5 pour les étoiles de type L8 à T8. Par ailleurs, la couleur J-K de certains types spectraux présente une dispersion de l'ordre d'une magnitude. Ce travail tente de faire la lumière sur la nature de cette grande dispersion, présente dans la couleur J-K des naines brunes de type L2. Les observations ont été réalisées avec la caméra infrarouge CPAPIR à l'Observatoire du Mont Mégantic. Nous avons ciblé un total de 22 naines brunes qui ont été observées en K, et 12 parmi celles-ci ont aussi été observées en J. Chacune des naines brunes a été calibrée à l'aide d'une étoile standard, ce qui rend nos résultats indépendants des données 2MASS. Nous observons une corrélation entre les couleurs J-K de nos données et de celles de 2MASS. Cela montre que la grande dispersion en J-K de nos données et des données 2MASS est due aux propriétés physiques des naines brunes et non à des erreurs observationnelles. L'examen des facteurs qui pourraient être responsables de cette grande dispersion, soit la classification spectrale, la métallicité, la gravité de surface, une binarité non résolue, la présence de nuages de condensats et la rotation, montre que la gravité de surface serait le facteur le plus susceptible d'être responsable de la grande dispersion des valeurs de J-K. / Brown dwarfs are objects with a mass intermediate between that required to form a star and that of a planet. Brown dwarfs are classified, from higher to lower temperature, under spectral types L, T and Y, caracterized by a J-K average color that varies from 1.2 to 1.8 for types L0 to L8, and from 1.8 to -0.5 for types L8 to T8. Furthermore, the J-K color of some spectral types presents more than a magnitude of dispersion. This study attempts to explain the large dispersion of the J-K color of the type L2 brown dwarfs. Observations were made with the infrared camera CPAPIR at the Observatoire du Mont Mégantic. We targeted a total of 22 brown dwarfs that were observed in the K band, and 12 among them were also observed in the J band. Each brown dwarf was calibrated with a standard star, which makes our data independent from those of 2MASS. We observe a correlation between the J-K colors obtained from our data and those from 2MASS. This shows that the large J-K dispersion in the data is due to brown dwarf physical properties and not to observational errors. Consideration of the factors that could be responsible for this large dispersion, namely the spectral classification, the metallicity, the surface gravity, an unresolved binarity, the presence of clouds and rotation, shows that surface gravity is the factor most likely to explain the large J-K color dispersion.

Catfish pectoral spines are an anti-predator defense mechanism. They can be bound or locked, making the fish harder to swallow, or used to produce distress calls by rubbing ridges on the dorsal process against a channel in the wall of the pectoral girdle. Growth of the pectoral spine and girdle were examined in relation to fish size within and across species that occur throughout central and eastern Virginia. These included blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), white catfish (Ameiurus catus), brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus), yellow bullheads (Ameiurus natalis), flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris), margined madtom (Noturus insignis), and tadpole madtom (Noturus gyrinus).Pectoral spines and girdles grow as catfish increase in size. In larger species spine length and weight increase nonlinearly with fish size, suggesting that maintaining spine dimensions becomes less important in bigger individuals less likely to suffer predation. The incidence of spine breakage also increases in larger fish. In smaller species spine length increases linearly in our samples (brown and yellow bullheads and margined and tadpole madtoms). In all species spine width increases linearly with total length. The spine base (dorsal process width and depth and dorsal-ventral length) grows linearly with total length in most species. However, measurements of the spine base increase nonlinearly in white catfishes, and dorsal process width increases nonlinearly in wild channel catfish although the increase was linear in cultured channel catfish.Girdle depth increased linearly with total length in all species except for wild channel catfish, and the ratio of coracoid to cleithrum depth varied among species. Pectoral girdle weight increased linearly with fish weight in blue catfish, cultured channel catfish, brown bullheads, and margined and tadpole madtoms. However, girdle weight, a major component of the body, increased nonlinearly in wild channel, white, yellow bullheads, and flathead catfishes. Cultured channel catfish had smaller pectoral spines and girdles than wild channels, a likely epigenetic response to predators. Catfish spines were identified to species, allowing determination of catfishes eaten by bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) using spines collected near their nests. Bald eagles ate blue catfish (60%), channel catfish (27%), white catfish (9%), brown bullheads (4%) and yellow bullheads (0.5%). Madtom and flathead catfish were not consumed. Mean sizes captured were: Blue catfish (366 mm, 414 g), channel catfish (417 mm, 618 g), white catfish (320 mm, 591 g), brown bullheads (278 mm, 277 g) and yellow bullhead (203 mm, 192 g).

L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’identifier les étoiles de faible masse et naines brunes membres d’associations cinématiques jeunes du voisinage solaire. Ces associations sont typiquement âgées de moins de 200 millions d’années et regroupent chacune un ensemble d’étoiles s’étant formées au même moment et dans un même environnement. La majorité de leurs membres d'environ plus de 0.3 fois la masse du Soleil sont déjà connus, cependant les membres moins massifs (et moins brillants) nous échappent encore. Leur identification permettra de lever le voile sur plusieurs questions fondamentales en astrophysique. En particulier, le fait de cibler des objets jeunes, encore chauds et lumineux par leur formation récente, permettra d’atteindre un régime de masses encore peu exploré, jusqu'à seulement quelques fois la masse de Jupiter. Elles nous permettront entre autres de contraindre la fonction de masse initiale et d'explorer la connection entre naines brunes et exoplanètes, étant donné que les moins massives des naines brunes jeunes auront des propriétés physiques très semblables aux exoplanètes géantes gazeuses. Pour mener à bien ce projet, nous avons adapté l'outil statistique BANYAN I pour qu'il soit applicable aux objets de très faibles masses en plus de lui apporter plusieurs améliorations. Nous avons entre autres inclus l'utilisation de deux diagrammes couleur-magnitude permettant de différencier les étoiles de faible masse et naines brunes jeunes à celles plus vieilles, ajouté l'utilisation de probabilités a priori pour rendre les résultats plus réalistes, adapté les modèles spatiaux et cinématiques des associations jeunes en utilisant des ellipsoïdes gaussiennes tridimensionnelles dont l'alignement des axes est libre, effectué une analyse Monte Carlo pour caractériser le taux de faux-positifs et faux-négatifs, puis revu la structure du code informatique pour le rendre plus efficace. Dans un premier temps, nous avons utilisé ce nouvel algorithme, BANYAN II, pour identifier 25 nouvelles candidates membres d'associations jeunes parmi un échantillon de 158 étoiles de faible masse (de types spectraux > M4) et naines brunes jeunes déjà connues. Nous avons ensuite effectué la corrélation croisée de deux catalogues couvrant tout le ciel en lumière proche-infrarouge et contenant ~ 500 millions d’objets célestes pour identifier environ 100 000 candidates naines brunes et étoiles de faible masse du voisinage solaire. À l'aide de l'outil BANYAN II, nous avons alors identifié quelques centaines d'objets appartenant fort probablement à une association jeune parmi cet échantillon et effectué un suivi spectroscopique en lumière proche-infrarouge pour les caractériser. Les travaux présentés ici ont mené à l'identification de 79 candidates naines brunes jeunes ainsi que 150 candidates étoiles de faible masse jeunes, puis un suivi spectroscopique nous a permis de confirmer le jeune âge de 49 de ces naines brunes et 62 de ces étoiles de faible masse. Nous avons ainsi approximativement doublé le nombre de naines brunes jeunes connues, ce qui a ouvert la porte à une caractérisation statistique de leur population. Ces nouvelles naines brunes jeunes représentent un laboratoire idéal pour mieux comprendre l'atmosphère des exoplanètes géantes gazeuses. Nous avons identifié les premiers signes d’une remontée dans la fonction de masse initiale des naines brunes aux très faibles masses dans l'association jeune Tucana-Horologium, ce qui pourrait indiquer que l’éjection d’exoplanètes joue un rôle important dans la composition de leur population. Les résultats du suivi spectroscopique nous ont permis de construire une séquence empirique complète pour les types spectraux M5-L5 à l'âge du champ, à faible (β) et très faible (γ) gravité de surface. Nous avons effectué une comparaison de ces données aux modèles d'évolution et d'atmosphère, puis nous avons construit un ensemble de séquences empiriques de couleur-magnitude et types spectraux-magnitude pour les naines brunes jeunes. Finalement, nous avons découvert deux nouvelles exoplanètes par un suivi en imagerie directe des étoiles jeunes de faible masse identifiées dans ce projet. La future mission GAIA et le suivi spectroscopique complet des candidates présentées dans cette thèse permettront de confirmer leur appartenance aux associations jeunes et de contraindre la fonction de masse initiale dans le régime sous-stellaire. / The main objective of this thesis is the identification of low-mass star and brown dwarf members of young moving groups in the solar neighborhood. These associations are typically younger than 200 million years and include stars formed at the same time and in the same environment. The majority of their members with masses approximately larger than 0.3 times that of the Sun have already been discovered, however the less massive, fainter members are still elusive. Their identification will allow us to address several fundamental questions in astrophysics. In particular, uncovering young objects that are still warm because of their recent formation will allow us to probe masses down to only a few times the mass of Jupiter, a mass regime which is still poorly understood. They will allow us to constrain the initial mass function and explore the connection between brown dwarfs and exoplanets, given that the least massive brown dwarfs have physical properties similar to those of gaseous giant exoplanets. In order to carry through this project, we have adapted the BANYAN I statistical tool to make it applicable to very low-mass objects in addition to bringing several improvements to the tool. We have included the use of two near-infrared color-magnitude diagrams that allow differentiating young low-mass stars and brown dwarfs from older objects, we added the use of prior probabilities to make its results more realistic, we adapted spatial and kinematic models of moving groups using tridimensional gaussian ellipsoids with axes free to rotate, we performed a Monte Carlo analysis to characterize the rate of false-positive and false-negatives, and we revised the structure of its source code to make it more efficient. As a first step, we have used this new algorithm, BANYAN II, to identify 25 new candidate members among a sample of 158 known young low-mass stars (with spectral types > M4) and brown dwarfs. We have then performed a cross-correlation of two all-sky near-infrared catalogs consisting of ~ 500 million celestial objects to identify approximately 100 000 brown dwarf and low-mass star candidates in the solar neighborhood. We have identified a few hundred promising young association members in this sample with the BANYAN II tool, and have performed a near-infrared spectroscopic survey to characterize them. The work presented here has led to the identification of 79 candidate young brown dwarfs and 150 candidate young low-mass stars, and a spectroscopic follow-up allowed us to confirm the young age of 49 brown dwarfs and 62 low-mass stars. We have thus boosted the number of known young brown dwarfs by a factor ~ 2, opening the door to a statistical characterization of their population. These new young brown dwarfs represent an ideal laboratory to better understand the atmospheres of gaseous giant exoplanets. We have identified the first signs of a turn-up in the initial mass function of very low-mass brown dwarfs in the Tucana-Horologium association, which could indicate that exoplanet scattering plays a significant role in composing their population. Results from this spectroscopic follow-up has allowed us to construct an complete empirical sequence of spectral types M5-L5 for field dwarfs, low-gravity (β) and very low-gravity (γ) dwarfs. We have performed a comparison of these new data with evolution and atmosphere models, and constructed a set of empirical spectral type-magnitude and color-magnitude sequences for young brown dwarfs. Finally, we have discovered two new exoplanets from a direct-imaging follow-up of low-mass stars discovered as part of this project. The future GAIA mission and the complete spectroscopic follow-up of the candidates presented in this thesis will allow to confirm their membership and to constrain the initial mass function in the substellar regime.

Charles university in Prague, Pharmaceutical faculty in Hradci Králové, Department of biological and medical sciences Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Michaela Čajková Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Consultant: Dr. Linda Sarah Hoffmann Title of diploma thesis: Role of Gq-coupled receptors in brown adipocytes In my diploma thesis, we focused on four Gq-coupled receptors (F2R, LPHN1, α1DAR, TSHR) in brown adipocytes (BAs), which were identified in the screen as the highest expressed in immature and mature BAs. Our goal was to validate suggestion, that Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) plays a key role in differentiation of BAs and that F2R, LPHN1, α1D-AR might be important for BAs. In our study, we investigated gene expression of these four receptors in BAs, using analytical methodsquantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Results from analysis revealed, that expression of TSHR was increased in mature BAs, it means, that TSHR induce differentiation of BAs. The BAs transduced with short hairpin RNA (sh-RNA) against TSHR were less differentiated, this we proved also with Oil Red-O staining. Expression of adipocyte Protein 2 (aP2), peroxisome proliferator-activated...

Master of Music / Department of Music / Reginald Pittman / This Master’s Report contains extended program notes on the works performed on a graduate rectial of music for a Baritone. The text includes biographical information on each composer and an analysis of each piece performed. Text translations are included in the body of the discussions. The pieces discussed are Handel’s “See The Raging Flames Arise,” from Joshua, Poulenc’s Le Bestiaire, Strauss’s Zueignung, Nichts and Cäcilie, Puccini’s “Questo amor, vergogna mia,” from Edgar, Jason Robert Brown’s Moving Too Fast, The Next Ten Minutes, The River Won’t Flow and She Cries and lastly Jonathon Reid Gealt’s September of ’92. The graduate recital was given in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Music degree in vocal performance on April 7, 2014. It was performed in All Faiths Chapel at Kansas State University. It featured the piano talents of Amanda Arrington, Paul Meissbach and Norma Roozeboom, the vocal talents of Reginald Pittman, Elise Poehling and Patricia Thompson, and the insrumental talents of Nolan Groff and Craig Archer.

This essay investigates the characteristics of Robert Langdon and his female helpers in Dan Brown’s novels Angels and Demons, The Da Vinci Code, The Lost symbol and Inferno.  In each of these novels, the quests are always solved by a male-female team. This essay is therefore going to focus on the character of Robert Langdon and his female helpers with the perspective of the Monomyth by Joseph Campbell. The protagonist Robert Langdon is a Harvard University professor specialised in religious iconology and symbology, but in these four novels he is thrown into breath-taking adventures with dangerous situations, however, with the help of several females he always manages to survive. The aim of this essay is to show how Langdon and his female helpers have the characteristics of a contemporary hero and helper, with the perspective of Campbell’s the Monomyth. Keywords: Character Analysis, Robert Langdon, Hero, Female Helper, the Monomyth, Angels and Demons, The Da Vinci Code, The Lost Symbol, Inferno.

Student Number : 9904953T - PhD thesis - School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Science - Faculty of Science / This study seeks to combine the knowledge of science and society to elicit the relationship between the harvesting of woody plant species and the local availability of woody species in South African savannas. Ten villages located in the former communal areas and homelands within three broad vegetation types (i.e., Mixed lowveld bushveld, Eastern thorn bushveld, and Natal lowveld bushveld) were studied. The study, conducted in the framework of the coupled human-environment system poses challenges to both scientists and managers (e.g., setting common goals). Data were collected using modified Whittaker plots (MWP) and focus group discussions (FGD), denoting ecology and society, respectively. There were nine 1000m² MWP plots sampled per village, each having nested 1m², 10m² and 100m² subplots. The FGD involved six groups of local people based on gender and age. The study revealed that the harvesting of woody plant species is a source of local disturbance to woody vegetation. Generally, there were more woody species in locations farther from settlements, having a mean of 41.97 ± 3.9, than for the intermediate (38.27 ± 5.6) and near locations (19.9 ± 4.2) within the 1000m² plots, the result of the reduction in species closer to settlements from higher harvesting levels. The larger sampling plot size of 1000m² of the MWP had the highest diversity, decreasing sequentially to the smallest scale (1m²). The density of the woody species was highest in the intermediate locations (517 ± 80 plants/ha), followed by the far and near, relative to the settlements. The Natal lowveld bushveld broad vegetation type had the highest mean density of trees (573 ± 71 trees/ha) compared to the Mixed lowveld bushveld (366 ± 64 trees/ha) and the Eastern thorn bushveld (312 ± 40 trees/ha). The stem diameters of trees were generally higher in the villages of the Mixed lowveld bushveld than the other two vegetation types. The study reaffirmed that anthropogenic disturbances within savannas impact vegetation and need to be studied concurrently with other disturbance factors (e.g., biotic and abiotic or environmental). The mean total coppice shoots of stumps within the 1000m² plots was relatively higher in the near locations (38.4%), than the far (33.0%) and intermediate (28.7%). This difference in coppicing shows that although near locations were less species rich, which is a result of disturbance, the growth of shoots may nevertheless be greater. Harvesting disturbance will possibly favour the regeneration of some species, as well as the maintenance of biodiversity. Whilst 135 woody species (from a total 191 from 42 plant families) sampled in the field were used by the local people, the community knowledge yielded almost twice as many (267 species, from 69 plant families). The ratio of mean useful woody species to total woody species remained relatively constant at about 1.0:1.1 from the near to far locations around the villages and accompanied by increased woody species diversity with distance from village. The MWP sampling yielded eight broad use categories (i.e., medicinal, wild edible fruits, fuelwood, housing and fencing poles, craft (e.g., carving), cultural, local beverages (e.g., alcohol)), and nine for the FGD (the eight for the MWP plus indigenous furniture). According to the local people, the highest number of species was used for medicine (27.8% of species), followed by fuelwood (19.2%) and wild edible fruits/seeds (19.1%). Over half of the species had multiple uses (i.e., three to eight uses), raising questions of possible threats to their persistence. Useful woody species were not restricted to any particular location or vegetation type. Large sized trees were subjected to even more uses than smaller trees, another source of conservation concern. Fifteen of the woody plant species are presently protected by law in South Africa (e.g., Adansonia digitata, Podocarpus latifolius, Mimusops caffra, Philenoptera violacea), while others are facing various forms of regional threats (e.g., Alberta magna, Catha edulis, Ocotea bullata). There is the need to popularise and make people (both local and outsiders) aware of the state of NTFP species, using local and village level information as an additional criterion for describing conservation threat (e.g., proposed “Locally Brown List” – Chapter 4). The older generation of local people were highly knowledgeable in terms of the woody species used for medicine, craft, fencing and housing poles, the middle aged in beverage making species, and the younger generation in fuelwood species. Overall, older males were highly knowledgeable of the useful species. The generally strong correlation (r = 0.99, p <0.0001) between the cumulative woody species diversity from field and community knowledge suggests the need to integrate data using multi-disciplinary approach and also to manage NTFP species. Although threat reduction assessments (TRA) and monitoring have previously been suggested, the participation of local people, harvesters and users will be crucial in making TRAs effective. In conclusion, the harvesting of NTFPs, and the impacts of the changes in the NTFP species on total diversity in savannas need to be understood in order to move towards a more holistic approach to conserving the woody species that may be at risk of extinction through harvesting. Disturbance criteria that describe harvesting levels should be set to guide research and management protocols. Finally, when discussing NTFPs and the species from which they are harvested, management should aim at incorporating all the factors that affect sustainability, such as land and resource tenure and local participation, the political economy, appropriate production and development cycles.

De nos jours, les avatars et les réécritures du mythe du Graal puisent leur source d'inspiration dans la Littérature puisque la première mention littéraire de ce schème apparaît à la fin du XIIeme siècle dans Perceval ou le conte du Graal de Chrétien de Troyes. De par des origines ambivalentes (païennes et chrétiennes), le Graal s'est ancré dans l'imaginaire collectif comme un mythe rédempteur ou tout du moins, étant un idéal à atteindre. Si la quête médiévale chevaleresque demande une rigueur incomparable et une pureté d’âme et de corps pour mériter la révélation des mystères du Saint Calice aujourd’hui, les héros de la littérature populaire et de la culture de masse accèdent à ses secrets par le vecteur d’en-quêtes simplifiées. La dévaluation du mythe s'effectue à mesure des transferts qui s’opèrent dans différents genres, supports et médias mais également dans la réception que la société a du mythe du Graal. De Saint Graal à Graal, de Littérature à paralittérature, de la Bible à la télévision, ce travail cherche à mettre en évidence les différents aspects de ces transferts et tente de prouver qu'il existe des résonances et des points d'articulation entre ces domaines par l'interface du Graal. Dans ce sens, le motif sert aussi de porte-à-faux à une culture et à une littérature dites « mineures » qui peuvent toutefois, sous l'effet du Graal, devenir scientifiques et apporter de nouvelles pistes de réflexion sur le mythe, la société et la Littérature. / Nowadays, avatars and re-writings of the myth of the Grail take their inspiration from Literature because the first literary mention of the scheme appears at the end of the twelfth century in Perceval ou le conte du Graal by Chrétien de Troyes. Thanks to its ambivalent (pagan and christian) origins, the Grail anchored in the collective imaginary as a myth of redemption or, at least, an ideal to reach. If the chivalric medieval quest requires a remarkable rigor and the body and soul purity to deserve the revelation of the Holy Vessel mysteries, in our days, mass culture heroes have an access to its secrets by simplified “quest-igations”. The devaluation of the subject occurs through transpositions in different genres, mediums and medias but also in the way society receives the Grail legend. From Holy Grail to Grail, from Literature to mass culture, from the Holy Bible to TV shows, this study tends to show the aspects of these transpositions and tries to prove that there are echos and exchanges between these mediums via the Grail. Following that point of view, the theme functions also as a overhang for what some call “minor” culture and literature that can, however, under the Grail influence, become scientific and bring new pieces of reflection concerning the myth, society and Literature.

Over recent decades recreational fisheries have grown substantially throughout the world. Despite this increase, catches from recreational fisheries have often been ignored in fisheries management, although this is now being remedied. Monitoring recreational fisheries can be expensive, and the primary means used for monitoring is angler (creel) surveys, typically funded from sales of fishing licences. The studies presented in this thesis examine different approaches to monitoring recreational trolling fisheries’ catch and effort, where fishing licenses are not required and there are no reporting requirements. I present results from a complemented roving/mail-in survey undertaken during 2013-2014 to estimate recreational effort and catch of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (S. trutta) in the largest lake in the European Union, Lake Vänern, Sweden. I also evaluate different angler catch reporting methods (mail-in, tournament reports and face-to-face interviews) and compare catch rates within and among spring and fall fishing periods. In addition, mail-in survey data are examined for recall bias.   I estimate that 28.7 tonnes of salmon and trout combined were harvested by the recreational trolling fishery in 2014, more than the commercial and subsistence fisheries combined. Seasonal differences in both recreational effort and catch were observed. Effort, in boat hours, was significantly higher in spring than in fall. Catch rates of trout were higher in fall than in spring, but there were no seasonal differences in catches of salmon. Harvest per boat day did not differ significantly among catch reporting methods, indicating that all three methods could be useful for managers interested in harvest rates. In contrast, total and released catch per boat day differed among reporting methods, with tournament anglers catching more fish in total. Finally, there was little evidence for recall bias in mail-in surveys, indicating that mail-in surveys are useful for collecting unbiased catch data. My study is the most comprehensive angler survey to date for Lake Vänern, and my results should be of immediate use to local fisheries managers and should also be of interest to researchers and managers interested in estimating catch and effort for fisheries at large spatial scales. / Over the past several decades recreational fisheries have grown substantially throughout the world. Until recently, however, recreational catch has been ignored in the management of many important fisheries. The studies presented in this thesis examine different approaches to monitoring recreational trolling fisheries’ catch and effort in Lake Vänern, Sweden, the largest lake in the European Union. Paper I presents results from a complemented roving/mail-in survey, designed to estimate recreational effort and catch of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (S. trutta). The results show that the recreational trolling fishery today harvests more salmon and trout annually than the commercial and subsistence fisheries combined, and that there are seasonal patterns in effort and catch. Paper II evaluates different angler catch reporting methods (mail-in, tournament reports, and face-to-face interviews), compares catch rates within and among spring and fall fishing periods and examines mail-in data for recall bias. Harvest per boat day did not differ significantly among catch reporting methods, indicating that all three could be useful for estimating harvest rates. However, tournament anglers had higher rates for released catch. Finally, there was little evidence for recall bias in mail-in surveys. In summary, this thesis has developed the framework for a recreational angler survey program for Lake Vänern, and should be of interest to researchers and managers interested in estimating catch and effort for fisheries at large spatial scales.