The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the building technical and tructural condition of the structure in the areal of Kralovopolske a.s. In this work there are proposed and subsequently implemented diagnostic work for the assesment of existing structures.

<p>   </p> <p>The growing shortage of workers experienced in the labor-driven architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry in the last decades has negatively impacted the industry, especially in the productivity. In the search of alternatives to alleviate this concerning situation, the AEC industry has readopted the concept of prefabrication (offsite construction). Compared to stick-built construction, offsite construction provides many advantages, such as construction in a controlled environment, the ability to perform parallel activities, quality improvement, less construction waste, safety improvement, and overall cost reduction. </p> <p>Despite the numerous advantages, there are challenges that have hindered the efficacy of offsite construction in practice. One of such challenges is the lack of interoperability in the design, planning, and construction workflows. Another challenge is that fabrication and assembly operations still rely on manual efforts which are time-consuming, costly, and error prone. With the advancement in digital and automation technologies, such as building information modeling (BIM) and robotics, there is an increasing interest in integrating these technologies to improve productivity in offsite construction. However, this has not been realized yet due to 1) the lack of BIM capability to incorporate automation technology in the design workflow, and 2) the lack of considerations of robotic technology to support AEC processes. </p> <p>Therefore, to address these gaps, in this research, the author proposed methods to 1) analyze building design information to infer construction-ready information and 2) generate construction operations simulations/animations using off-the-shelf robotic systems. The proposed methods consist of algorithms that enable: 1) inference of geometric and physical properties of building elements from industry foundation classes (IFC) models, and 2) generation of simulations for analyzing robot-assisted construction operations.</p> <p>These methods were tested on different test cases. Compared with manual efforts, the developed systems were more time efficient in the automated extraction of geometric and physical properties from IFC models as well as in the generation of the sub-module packages for constructability analysis using robotic automation. Experimental results showed that: (1) the developed method can be utilized in inferring the geometric and physical properties of building elements from IFC data models in an automated fashion, achieving 60.61% to 100% precision and 90.30% to 99.59% recall; and (2) the developed algorithms successfully generated the robot-related information from IFC-based BIM and successfully generated the simulation components automatically. Such automation reduces the needs of manual efforts in the extraction and generation of robotic simulation components. This research opens a new door for practitioners to analyze a building design related to the use of robotics for construction.</p> <p>  </p>

Bygg- och anläggningsbranschen innebär en temporär arbetsmiljö där det krävs god kommunikation, förståelse och samordning för att minska säkerhetsrisker. Eftersom det saknas forskning om relationer inom branschen var syftet med studien att, utifrån ett medarbetarperspektiv och med utgångspunkt i LMX-teorin, undersöka vilka faktorer som har betydelse för relationen mellan ledare och medarbetare inom bygg- och anläggningsbranschen. Till intervjustudien medverkade 10 deltagare som arbetade inom olika yrkeskategorier. Den tematiska analysen resulterade i 7 faktorer som främjar samt hindrar utbytesrelationer: ledarens medmänsklighet för medarbetare, ledarens erfarenhet inom branschen, rättvis fördelning av resurser, att tillhöra en ingrupp som stärker företaget, bristfällig kommunikation, fysiskt och psykologiskt avstånd, samt skilda målsättningar. Resultatet visade att främjande faktorer skapade tillit, förtroende och förståelse för varandra, vilket ledde till ett bättre samarbete där medarbetarna ville agera för att gynna företaget. De hindrande faktorerna skapade osäkerhet kring förväntningarna på deras arbetsuppgifter och relation samt kunde försvåra deras samspel.

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Syftet med undersökningen var att undersöka hur barn bygger utifrån en inspirationsbild samt om barnen lär sig mer då de utmanas av en pedagog. Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp av observationer av barn på en förskoleavdelning där samtliga barn var tre år gamla.  Resultatet visade att de flesta barnen byggde vertikalt. Endast ett barn valde att bygga horisontellt och använde inspirationsbilden som underlag till sitt bygge. Resultatet visade även att det har stor betydelse om det finns en pedagog närvarande som utmanar barnen vid bygg och konstruktionslek och kan synliggöra deras lärande. Skillnaden i barnens byggande när de blev utmanande av en pedagog var att de använde sig av flera byggklossar när de byggde samt av flera olika geometriska former på byggklossarna. / The aim of this study was to investigate how children are building based on a picture for inspiration and if children learn more when they are challenged by a teacher. The study was conducted using observations of children in a preschool department where all the children were three years old. The results showed that most of the children chose to build their buildings vertically. Only one child chooses to build horizontally and used the picture for inspiration as basis for the building. The results also showed that it is very important that a teacher is present and can challenge the children at building and construction game and visualize their learning. Differences in the children’s building when challenged by a teacher were that they used more building blocks in their building and that they used building blocks of various geometrical shapes.

A preocupação em preservar os recursos naturais, em reduzir os desperdícios nos canteiros de obras e minimizar custtos na construção civil tem despertado iinteresse de vários pesquisadores para uma ampla discussão sobre o controle do uso adequado das matérias-primas para geração dos materiais empregados na produção dos edifícios, bem como, dos resíduos gerados pelos elevados índices de perdas nas construções. Melhorar a produtividade e a qualidade é um fator de suma importânciia para a sobrevivência das empresas ligadas ao ramo da construção civil no atual ambientte competitivo. O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar as perdas envolvidas na produção dos blocos cerâmicos e de seu uso nas várias etapas do processo construtivo de obras em Recife,, visando apontar possibilidades de minimização do problema. Para atingir o objjetivo, foram selecionadas duas iindústtriias cerâmicas e três empresas construtoras para comporem o estudo de caso. Os dados foram coletados através de uma planilha e de um Check List durante as visitas realizadas junto às indústrias e empresas construtoras. As etapas analisadas nas indústrias dizem respeito à queima e expedição. Em relação às construtoras foram analisadas as etapas de recebimento, armazenamento, transporte e aplicação. Através da pesquisa verificou-se que as indústrias cerâmicas ainda possuem forte componente cultural, onde a mão-de-obra empregada uttiliza conhecimentos compartilhados a partir das experiências individuais, possuem tímidas iniciativas para a melhoria do processo produtivo, bem como das condições de trabalho e capacitação da sua mão-de-obra,, utilizando, ainda, práticas rudimentares na fabricação de produtos cerâmicos. Neste contexto, através do método de estudo de caso, para as obras pesquisadas, verificou-se que dependendo do nível de gerenciamento e planejamento e dos investimentos tecnológicos, há uma tendência de redução das perdas de materiais. Todavia, não se pode afirmar que uma obra certificada terá, necessariamente, redução de erros e desperdícios, uma vez que o objetivo primeiro é padroniizar requisitos técnicos em seus empreendimentos de modo a aumentar a satisfação do cliente

The building and construction industry in Sweden is facing a troublesome recruitment problem, due to many retirees in the coming years. One way to increase the general attractiveness within the building and construction industry as a whole, i.e. according to young people’s standards, could be to work more actively with incentives and rewards specifically designed and chosen to motivate and attract young people. The purpose of this survey study is to examine what rewards Generation Y (people born between 1982-2000) is attracted to when entering the labor market, and finding out if there are any differences within Generation Y. The study is based on a quantitative survey of 323 students of Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH). The survey questions are based on the areas that are identified as more important to Generation Y than other generations according to the reviewed literature. The results show that Generation Y perceives non-financial rewards more important than financial rewards and that the most effective rewards to implement considering both perceived importance and perceived monetary value are career opportunities, individual skills development, provisions for retirement and extra days of vacation. The study also shows that there are differences within Generation Y concerning age, culture, work experience and gender. There are also differences between generations. Generation X (people born between 1965-1982) values the importance of non-financial rewards higher than Generation Y, but Generation Y values the rewards monetary value higher in general.

Mit der Entwicklung von Bewertungssystemen für das Nachhaltige Bauen und der Zertifizierung von Gebäuden gewinnen Kriterien ergänzend zur Funktionalität, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Standsicherheit zunehmend an Bedeutung. Neben der Aufarbeitung wesentlicher Hintergründe dieser Systeme bedarf es Verfahren für die Praxis, Gebäude nach Nachhaltigkeitskriterien zu planen und zu bauen. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Dissertation „Nachhaltige Bürogebäude in Stahl- und Stahlverbundbauweise“ werden Methoden zur Optimierung von Tragkonstruktionen in Stahl- und Verbundbauweise nach ökologischen und ökonomischen Kriterien vorgestellt. Auf der Basis umfangreicher Parameterstudien werden Empfehlungen zur Konstruktion und Bemessung nachhaltiger Decken- und Stützensysteme für Bürogebäude abgeleitet. Ausgehend von den deutschen Bewertungssystemen DGNB und BNB werden die Grundlagen und Methoden zur Bewertung der ökologischen und ökonomischen Nachhaltigkeit von Tragkonstruktionen abgeleitet. Als Basis der Parameterstudien werden Ökobilanzdaten von Baumaterialien und -produkte, Herstellungsprozesse und Transporte aus generischen Daten, Datenbanken und Umweltproduktdeklarationen mit dem Ziel einer möglichst vollständigen Lebenszyklusanalyse zusammengestellt. Ergänzend hierzu werden Kosten für Baumaterialien und -prozesse auf der Basis von Baukostenkatalogen und Expertenbefragungen ermittelt. Es folgen Parameterstudien zu Unterzugs- und Flachdecken, Stützen und Anschlüssen, bevor die Decken-Stützen-Systemen von Geschossbauten in ihrer Gesamtheit untersucht werden. Dabei werden die Bauweisen, Rastermaße, Materialgüten, Konstruktionsformen und Nutzlasten variiert, um den Einfluss der jeweiligen Parameter isoliert und in Kombination zu verdeutlichen. Zusammenfassend werden aus den Ergebnissen Empfehlungen zur nachhaltigen Gestaltung der Tragkonstruktionen für Bürogebäude in Stahl- und Stahlverbundbauweise abgeleitet.:Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 1.1 Problemstellung und Zielsetzung 1.2 Aufbau der Arbeit 2 Bürogebäude 2.1 Allgemein 2.2 Büroorganisationsformen 2.3 Grundriss und Höhenentwicklung 2.3.1 Grundrissgestaltung 2.3.2 Höhenentwicklung 3 Bausysteme in Stahl- und Stahlverbundbauweise 3.1 Allgemeines 3.2 Deckensysteme 3.3 Stützen 3.4 Anschlüsse 3.5 Systemwahl und Rastermaße 4 Technische Anforderungen 4.1 Lastannahmen 4.2 Korrosionsschutz 4.3 Brandschutz 4.4 Schallschutz 4.5 Technische Gebäudeausrüstung 5 Nachhaltigkeit von Bürogebäuden 5.1 Begriff Nachhaltigkeit 5.2 Richtlinien und Gesetze 5.3 Normative Grundlagen 5.4 Bewertungssysteme für Bürogebäude 5.5 Ökologische Nachhaltigkeit 5.5.1 Methodik zur Ökobilanzierung 5.5.2 Auswahl der Bewertungskriterien 5.5.3 Datengrundlagen 5.5.4 Bewertungssystem für Tragkonstruktionen 5.6 Ökonomische Nachhaltigkeit 6 Bemessung 6.1 Allgemeines 6.2 Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit 6.2.1 Decken 6.2.2 Unterzugsträger als Verbundträger 6.2.3 Schweißprofile 6.2.4 Slim-Floor-Träger 6.2.5 Stützen 6.2.6 Anschlüsse 6.3 Grenzzustand der Gebrauchstauglichkeit 6.3.1 Begrenzung der Verformungen 6.3.2 Verformungen von Decken 6.3.3 Verbundträger 6.3.4 Slim-Floor-Träger 6.3.5 Rissbreitenbegrenzung 6.3.6 Schwingungen 6.4 Bemessung im Brandfall 6.4.1 Normative Grundlagen 6.4.2 Brandschutzprodukte 6.4.3 Decken 6.4.4 Unterzugsträger 6.4.5 Slim-Floor-Träger 6.4.6 Stützen 6.4.7 Anschlüsse 7 Programmdokumentation 7.1 Überblick 7.2 Programmstruktur im Allgemeinen 7.3 Decken 7.3.1 Stahlbetondecken und Spannbetonhohldielen 7.3.2 Verbunddecken 7.4 Deckensystem 7.4.1 Unterzugsdecken mit Walzprofilen 7.4.2 Unterzugsdecken mit Schweißprofilen 7.4.3 Slim-Floor-Konstruktionen 7.5 Stützen 8 Nachhaltige Material- und Konstruktionswahl 8.1 Erläuterungen zu den Parameterstudien 8.2 Decken 8.2.1 Stahlbetondecken aus Ortbeton 8.2.2 Verbunddecken 8.2.3 Decken im Vergleich 8.3 Unterzugsdecken 8.3.1 Variation der Trägerabstände 8.3.2 Variation der Nutzlasten 8.3.3 Vergleich Ein- und Zweifeldträger 8.3.4 Variation der Stahlgüte und der Durchbiegungsbegrenzung 8.3.5 Variation der Betongüte 8.3.6 Schweißprofile 8.4 Slim-Floor-Konstruktionen 8.4.1 Variation der Trägerabstände und des Deckentyps 8.4.2 Variation der Querschnittstypen 8.4.3 Untersuchung von Deckensystemen mit Einfeldträgern 8.4.4 Variation der Nutzlast 8.5 Vergleich von Unterzugsdecken und Slim-Floor-Konstruktionen 8.6 Stützen 8.6.1 Querschnittswahl 8.6.2 Materialgüten 8.6.3 Einfluss der Stützenhöhe 8.6.4 Berücksichtigung von Maßnahmen zum Brandschutz 8.7 Anschlüsse 8.8 Tragkonstruktion 8.8.1 Tragkonstruktionen mit Unterzugsdecken 8.8.2 Tragkonstruktionen mit Slim-Floor-Systemen 8.8.3 Vergleich der Tragsysteme mit Unterzugsdecken und Slim-Floor 9 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 9.1 Allgemeines 9.2 Unterzugsdecken 9.3 Slim-Floor-Konstruktionen 9.4 Stützen 9.5 Anschlüsse 9.6 Ausblick 10 Quellenverzeichnis 11 Anhang Anhang A Büroorganisationsformen Anhang B Schallschutz Anhang C Datengrundlagen Anhang D Bemessung und Produktdaten Anhang E Anschlüsse

<p dir="ltr">Accurate traffic information plays a crucial role in developing appropriate pavement designs. However, the existing traffic design input module often falls short in accurately describing the real traffic conditions on Indiana highways. Furthermore, a range of issues related to vehicle classification, transit bus traffic characterization, semi-truck platooning, pavement friction assessment, and highway model representation have been identified. This study aims to improve the design, safety, and visual presentation of highways in Indiana. In the realm of design, real-world traffic data will be collected and processed, while a traffic database of urban buses will be established. Both an axle-based digital classification method and a model-based image classification method will be introduced to categorize unclassified vehicles. The updated vehicle class distributions and axle load distributions will serve as pivotal traffic inputs for pavement design. Regarding safety considerations, a model for two-semi-truck platooning will be developed to determine safe and optimal headways. Characteristics pertinent to semi-truck platoons will be outlined and discussed. Additionally, a series of laboratory and field tests will be conducted to assess the frictional properties and performance of aggregates and colored pavements, thereby refining roadway safety measures. In the realm of visual presentation, the Building Information Modeling (BIM) framework will be applied to convert, enrich, and extend a highway model. A BIM-centered repository will be created, amalgamating a wealth of information encompassing traffic specifics and project particulars into an integrated visual platform. Moreover, Open BIM processes will be implemented, streamlining the exchange of highway data and ensuring seamless compatibility of models. The results of this study can offer valuable insights to drive improvements in highway design, safety, and visual presentation throughout Indiana.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T17:57:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_monica_maria_pereira.pdf: 3317223 bytes, checksum: ef120e87a9e5878b6d147ef2048b2da6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-19 / A preocupação em preservar os recursos naturais, em reduzir os desperdícios nos canteiros de obras e minimizar custtos na construção civil tem despertado iinteresse de vários pesquisadores para uma ampla discussão sobre o controle do uso adequado das matérias-primas para geração dos materiais empregados na produção dos edifícios, bem como, dos resíduos gerados pelos elevados índices de perdas nas construções. Melhorar a produtividade e a qualidade é um fator de suma importânciia para a sobrevivência das empresas ligadas ao ramo da construção civil no atual ambientte competitivo. O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar as perdas envolvidas na produção dos blocos cerâmicos e de seu uso nas várias etapas do processo construtivo de obras em Recife,, visando apontar possibilidades de minimização do problema. Para atingir o objjetivo, foram selecionadas duas iindústtriias cerâmicas e três empresas construtoras para comporem o estudo de caso. Os dados foram coletados através de uma planilha e de um Check List durante as visitas realizadas junto às indústrias e empresas construtoras. As etapas analisadas nas indústrias dizem respeito à queima e expedição. Em relação às construtoras foram analisadas as etapas de recebimento, armazenamento, transporte e aplicação. Através da pesquisa verificou-se que as indústrias cerâmicas ainda possuem forte componente cultural, onde a mão-de-obra empregada uttiliza conhecimentos compartilhados a partir das experiências individuais, possuem tímidas iniciativas para a melhoria do processo produtivo, bem como das condições de trabalho e capacitação da sua mão-de-obra,, utilizando, ainda, práticas rudimentares na fabricação de produtos cerâmicos. Neste contexto, através do método de estudo de caso, para as obras pesquisadas, verificou-se que dependendo do nível de gerenciamento e planejamento e dos investimentos tecnológicos, há uma tendência de redução das perdas de materiais. Todavia, não se pode afirmar que uma obra certificada terá, necessariamente, redução de erros e desperdícios, uma vez que o objetivo primeiro é padroniizar requisitos técnicos em seus empreendimentos de modo a aumentar a satisfação do cliente