Purpose – This study explores how Earth Observation (EO) start-ups with digital services can utilize business model innovation (BMI) to create, deliver, and capture value in the mining industry. Method – The study adopted a qualitative approach with the unit of analysis being two EO service start-ups and the unit of observation being mining companies complemented with other relevant actors. 22 interviews were conducted with mining companies; 2 with mining consultancy companies; 2 with academia; and 2 with the EO case companies. Findings – EO service start-ups can create value in the mining industry by leveraging an artificial intelligence technology value proposition unlocking new values, as well as engaging in trust and relationship building-activities with customers; deliver value by developing customizable delivery plans in line with the heterogenous customer needs, acquiring a specific understanding of customer operations to deliver expected service quality, and addressing customers' different digital maturity; and capture value by developing a flexible revenue model and enable internal and external scaling of service. Theoretical Implications – This study contributes to existing research by examining how digital technologies shape industry-specific phenomena and related BMs, specifically within the novel EO industry by being one of the pioneering studies in this space. It also fills a gap in the literature by examining start-up BMI in general as well as in the EO industry, the intersection of start-ups and digital services, as well as contributing to the broader service innovation literature. It also makes contributions to the specific mechanisms of the BM. Managerial Implications – This study contributes with insights for managers of digital service start-ups, both in general and in the novel EO industry, outlining how these can create, deliver, and capture value in the mining industry as well as other industrial contexts. These can utilize the findings of this study to either redesign their existing BMs or create completely new ones. Limitations and Future Research – One limitation is that the study only collects data from the mining industry which decreases the generalizability of the findings to other industries. Future research could benefit from investigating EO services from an ecosystem or platform perspective including other actors than provider-customer. Finally, future research could also be conducted utilizing a multiple case study including EO service start-ups focusing on multiple industries. / Syfte – Denna studie undersöker hur Earth Observation (EO)-startups med digitala tjänster kan använda affärsmodellsinnovation för att skapa, leverera och fånga värde inom gruvindustrin. Metod – Studien använde en kvalitativ metod med två EO-startups med digitala tjänster som analysenehet. Gruvföretag kompletterat med andra relevanta aktörer intervjuades för att besvara studiens syfte. Totalt genomfördes 22 intervjuer med gruvföretag; 2 med konsultföretag inom gruvindustrin; 2 inom akademin; samt 2 med EO-startupsen. Resultat – EO-startups med digitala tjänster kan skapa värde i gruvindustrin genom att nyttja artificiell intelligens i sitt värdeerbjudande för att tillhandahålla nya värden, samt genom att genomföra aktiviteter riktat mot kunder med syfte att stärka förtroende och relationer; leverera värde genom att utveckla anpassningsbara leveransalternativ i linje med de heterogena kundbehoven, anförskaffa en specifik förståelse för kundernas verksamhet för att leverera tjänsten i linje med vad dessa förväntar sig samt genom att adressera kundernas olika digitala mognadsnivåer; och fånga värde genom att utveckla en flexibel intäktsmodell och möjliggöra intern och extern skalning av tjänsten. Teoretiska implikationer – Denna studie bidrar till befintlig forskning genom att undersöka hur digitala teknologier formar branschspecifika fenomen och relaterade affärsmodeller, specifikt inom EO-industrin genom att vara en av de första studierna inom detta område. Studien fyller också ett gap i litteraturen genom att undersöka affärsmodellsinnovation relaterat till startups generellt samt inom EO-industrin, skärningspunkten mellan startups och digitala tjänster, samt genom att bidra till den generella litteraturen för tjänsteinnovation. Den bidrar också till de specifika mekanismerna i affärsmodeller. Praktiska implikationer – Denna studie bidrar med insikter för chefer och ledare inom digitala tjänste-startups, både generellt samt inom EO-industrin, och beskriver hur dessa kan skapa, leverera och fånga värde inom gruvindustrin såväl som i andra industriella sammanhang. Dessa kan använda studiens resultat för att antingen förändra sina befintliga affärsmodeller eller skapa helt nya. Begränsningar och framtida forskning – En begränsning är att studien endast samlar data från gruvindustrin, vilket minskar generaliserbarheten av resultaten till andra industrier. Framtida forskning kan dra nytta av att undersöka EO-tjänster ur ett ekosystem- eller plattformsperspektiv som inkluderar andra aktörer än leverantör-kund. Slutligen skulle framtida forskning även kunna genomföras med en flerfallstudie som inkluderar EO-tjänste-startups verksamma inom fler industrier.

The food and beverage industry in Taiwan is becoming increasingly competitive. Companies have therefore been trying to expand their operations abroad to different countries, both emerging and developed economies. How the companies expand and operate abroad is a challenging issue faced by every company that tries to enter foreign countries. This research starts out from the practitioners’ perspectives, and addresses critical management issues. The problems of international expansion are dynamic and fairly complicated due to the fast-changing business environment, which means practical decision rules are valuable. The study tackles this issue by attempting to offer decision rules on three research questions. They include the influence factors on the selection of foreign market entry mode, the mechanism of capturing growth and avoid huge losses and business model innovation in foreign markets. This research discovers entry mode choice should be accompanied by considering the joint effect of influence factors. And at point of entry, adopting real option perspective leads to better performance in the foreign market because it captures growth opportunities. Furthermore, adjusting the key processes in the business model helps companies realize more efficient operations and in some case, leads to better subsequent performance after entering the foreign country.

The area of business models for the Internet of Things and how to approach modelling them is relatively unexplored. Therefore this study researches how others have previously approached the area through a literature analysis. The articles showed several different ways of describing business models for IoT, some of these where based around old and well known tools such as Business model canvas. While other approaches where based on creating entirely new models based on modern technology. One of these models is based around blockchain technology, the last main approach is to innovate the tool used to describe business models in order to be able to manage the change in actors. After analysing the different approaches by comparing them to either their standard model or seeing what the key part of the model was, it became obvious that business models for IoT have certain areas that need to be taken into account. These areas are not commonly seen in previous tools used to describe business models. One of these areas is increased collaboration as a consequence of increased number of participants in the creation of an IoT service or product. The other area is increased focus on IT knowledge, partners and therefore also increased cost. This is a consequence of the increased amount of technology needed. These areas in particular the increased collaboration strongly affects the business model and therefore is one of the main reasons for the business model innovation in the IoT market.

Background: With the emergence of new digital technologies, the ongoing digital transformation is argued to heavily impact core societal pillars such as logistics and transportation. This has generated unique challenges and introduced an increasing need for organizations to take steps towards innovating their business models. Thus, a popular theoretical lens for keeping up with disruptive changes through business model innovation (BMI) is via the dynamic capability framework – consisting of sensing, seizing as well as transforming microfoundations. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was to explore digital transformation through the framework of dynamic capabilities within the logistics and transportation industry. The study aimed at investigating the nature of building dynamic capabilities for business model innovation towards the ongoing digital transformation. Methodology: To explore how organizations build dynamic capabilities for business model innovation towards digital transformation, this study was carried out using semi-structured interviews. The interviews consisted of 11 participants in various senior management positions at 6 case companies whom are all global actors in the logistics and transportation industry. Additionally, documentary secondary data was included to provide additional information about the case companies. Findings: Our study revealed that business model innovation for digital transformation consisted of processes within 3 domains – new digital products & services, new markets & segments, as well as key partnerships. Additionally, the findings of our study acknowledged that logistics and transportation enterprises build dynamic capabilities via a total of 13 activities. These included: digital scanning and information management; digital learning; internal communication; digital asset investment; agile working; external partnerships; organizational restructuring; dynamic mindset; change management; and power redistribution. Finally, our study found that the main challenges for building dynamic capabilities towards BMI involved: size, agile working, data management and the changing of old mindsets.

Considering the competitiveness of global markets within an ever-changing environment, a company\'s Business Model should be able to innovate constantly to capture value within the company, while addressing better the customer needs. The PSS Business Model represents an innovation while providing value to the customer supported by a combination of products and services. However, the PSS Business Model also needs to innovate constantly. The Internet of Things (IoT) comprises networked objects able to interact with each other and to people, to reach common goals with a high level of efficiency, thus presenting potential to create a new value proposition to PSS Business Model Design. However, the existing literature represents an IoT solution into PSS Design, using either technical constructs or a high level free textual description. The goal of this study is to propose a \"Method to support the representation of IoT solutions during the PSS Business Model Design\". The method was developed based on the Design Research Methodology (DRM), comprising three research stages. During the first and second stages, a literature review was conducted to generate theoretical requirements for guiding the proposition of the method. During the third stage, the requirements were developed, and multiple case studies using secondary sources were used to propose the method in theory. During the final activity of the third stage, an exploratory application of the method for a Driverless PSS Car Sharing were applied and its results, as well as all the method\'s artifacts, were object of an initial evaluation by a focus group. The results indicated that method has potential to provide a common language for the PSS Business Model designers, while providing detailed information, to be added to the dimensions of a PSS Business Model that comprises IoT solutions. / Considerando a competitividade dos mercados globais dentro de um ambiente de constante mudança, o modelo de negócio de uma empresa deve ser capaz de inovar constantemente, capturando valor dentro da empresa ao mesmo tempo em que atende melhor as necessidades dos clientes. O modelo de negócio de PSS representa uma inovação ao entregar valor ao cliente através de uma combinação de produtos e serviços. No entanto, o modelo de negócio de PSS também precisa inovar constantemente. A Internet das coisas (IoT) compreende objetos em rede capazes de interagir uns com os outros e com as pessoas, para alcançar metas comuns com elevado nível de eficiência. Dessa forma, apresenta potencial para criar a nova proposta de valor para o desenho de modelo de negócio de PSS. No entanto, a literatura existente representa a solução de IoT usando ou constructos técnicos, ou um nível alto de descrição textual. O objetivo deste estudo é propor um \"Método de representação de soluções de internet das coisas (IoT) durante o design de um modelo de negócios de um Sistema produto-serviço (PSS)\". O método foi desenvolvido com apoio da Design Research Methodology (DRM), sendo composto de três fases de investigação. Durante a primeira e a segunda fase, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura para gerar requisitos teóricos para orientar a proposição de método. Durante a terceira fase, foram desenvolvidos requerimentos e analisados múltiplos estudos de caso, usando fontes secundárias, para propor o método na teoria. Durante a atividade final da terceira fase foi realizada uma aplicação exploratória do método, em um caso de um PSS de \"uso compartilhado de carros\" usando um carro autônomo. Em seguida todos os artefatos do método, e os resultados dessa aplicação exploratória, foram objeto de uma avaliação inicial por um grupo focal. Os resultados indicaram que o método tem potencial para fornecer uma linguagem comum para os desenvolvedores de modelo de negócio de PSS, proporcionando informações detalhadas, a serem adicionadas às dimensões de um modelo de negócio de PSS.

This thesis investigates the performance of business model innovation (BMI) by incumbent power utility and clean-tech start-up firms influenced by the German Energiewende. It emphasises the factors that impact BMI from a managers’ perspective, examines success factors for managers to overcome BMI challenges, and addresses contingencies to perform BMI in a more structured way. The research is driven by the German Energiewende. It has been chosen as Germany is considered one of the world’s leading markets for renewable energies and a transformation of the power sector is currently underway. Therefore, established power utility firms face severe changes, which have the characteristics of a potential disruption to their business model (BM). At the same time, new players are challenging these incumbents with new BMs. The research is underpinned by the extant literature on BMs and BMI. The research approach is based on two case studies; the incumbent power utility and the clean-tech start-up sector. The qualitative study comprises of 24 semi-structured interviews conducted with top tier managers, from 18 firms, responsible for BMI within these firms. Key findings: This study extends our knowledge of BMI in both a start-up and an incumbent environment that is influenced by various contingent events. It portrays barriers to BMI and depicts critical success factors for BMI that point out solutions on how to overcome these barriers. It provides a structured BMI framework for established firms and illustrates future BM archetypes in this sector. It clearly documents the German Energiewende is regarded as a disruptive threat from the perspective of incumbent power utility managers. The theoretical contribution of this thesis is a process framework including all identified drivers and challenges for BMI in both established and start-up firms. Contributions to practice include critical success factors for BMI, recommendations to overcome barriers to BMI and future BM archetypes within the newly evolving Energiewende industry based on sustainable technologies.

In order to stay competitive and to create value to their clients, manufacturing companies are engaging in a process called servitization, which consists in transforming their existing physical product offerings into integrated bundles of products and services, called Product-Service Systems (PSS). Servitization compels manufacturing companies to change their business models. One of the main challenges of servitization is to redesign the business processes dimension of their business model in order to operate middle of life (MOL) and end of life (EOL) phases of PSS. Despite the existence of decades-long successful PSS cases, operational difficulties are still reported. This is associated to gaps in existing PSS business model design methodologies, which are focused on the development of new PSS and lack the required level of details for servitization. The goal of this study is to propose a method to support manufacturing companies during the servitization process in developing a PSS Business Process Architecture (PSS BPA), which is the basis for redesigning their business processes. The method was developed with the support of the Design Research Methodology (DRM), which comprises four research stages. In the first and second stages, a literature review was conducted to generate theoretical requirements for guiding the proposition of the PSS BPA Development Method. Action research approach was applied in the third stage to propose the PSS BPA Development Method empirically. Action research was carried in a large multinational manufacturing company from the healthcare sector, which intended to transform a diagnostic imaging product into a use-oriented PSS. In the last stage, the method received a preliminary assessment with the intent of being prepared for further applications in case studies. The results indicate that the PSS BPA Development Method has a potential for supporting companies in defining their PSS BPA. Other key contributions of the research were the proposition of a business process reference model for PSS based on the Process Classification Framework (PCF), and insights and findings obtained with the real case of servitization. / Para se manterem competitivas e criarem valor para seus clientes, empresas de manufatura estão passando pelo processo da servitização, que é a transformação de suas ofertas baseadas em produtos físicos em soluções integradas de produtos e serviços, chamadas Sistemas Produto-Serviço (PSS). A servitização requer transformações nos modelos de negócio das empresas. Um dos principais desafios da servitização é redesenhar a dimensão de processos de negócio do modelo de negócios da empresa de maneira a operar as fases de meio de vida e final de vida de um PSS. Apesar de existirem casos de sucesso de PSS implementados há décadas, dificuldades operacionais ainda são citadas. Isto está associado com lacunas nas metodologias para desenvolvimento de modelos de negócio de PSS, as quais são focadas no desenvolvimento de novos PSS e carecem do nível de detalhes necessário para servitização. O objetivo desta pesquisa é propor um método para apoiar as empresas de manufatura no desenvolvimento da Arquitetura de Processos de Negócio do PSS durante a servitização, o que é base para o redesenho de processos destas organizações. Este método foi desenvolvido com o apoio da Metodologia de Pesquisa em Design, que contém quatro estágios. No primeiro e segundo estágios, uma revisão da literatura foi realizada para determinar os requisitos teóricos que guiaram a proposição do método. No terceiro estágio, a pesquisa ação foi utilizada para propor empiricamente o método. A pesquisa ação foi realizada em uma empresa multinacional do setor de saúde, que pretendia transformar um equipamento de diagnóstico por imagens em PSS orientado ao uso. No estágio final, o método passou por uma avaliação preliminar a fim de ser preparado para estudos de caso. Os resultados indicam que o método proposto tem potencial para apoiar as empresas na definição de arquiteturas de processos para PSS. Outras contribuições foram a proposição de um modelo de referência de processos para PSS baseado no Framework de Classificação de Processo e descobertas do caso real de servitização.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-11-14T15:50:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Nascimento Leães_.pdf: 3240818 bytes, checksum: 60f0bd2d2ba12b0de390c474fd762632 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-14T15:50:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Nascimento Leães_.pdf: 3240818 bytes, checksum: 60f0bd2d2ba12b0de390c474fd762632 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-15 / Nenhuma / Essa dissertação aborda o processo de Inovação em Modelo de Negócios (BMI) dos jornais O Globo e Zero Hora por meio da adoção de práticas que os conduziram em direção à transformação dos seus modelos tradicionais. Nessa perspectiva, a revisão da literatura abordou o tema Modelo de Negócios e elegeu um framework pelo qual os casos foram escolhidos e analisados, enquanto o processo de BMI foi pesquisado a partir da perspectiva da Estratégia como Prática – para entender como as ações realizadas pelos atores organizacionais conduziram os jornais à inovação. Essa perspectiva aproveita uma lacuna das correntes clássicas da estratégia, analisando-a em nível miro-organizacional, considerando aspectos emergentes da sua construção e as relações entre diferentes atores que a compõe. Abordou-se ainda os padrões de negócio da indústria de jornais, estabelecendo um paralelo entre os modelos do papel e do digital. Com base nas evidências teóricas, o problema de pesquisa foi estabelecido para saber quais foram e como emergiram as práticas que favoreceram o processo de BMI nos casos estudados. Essa questão foi endereçada pela proposição de um modelo conceitual que relacionou as práticas aos fatores que levaram os atores da organização à realização das mesmas. A partir daí delineou-se o modelo conceitual metodológico, realizado através do estudo dos dois casos – ambos jornais de grande expressividade no Brasil que passaram por processos de BMI. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que: A) o processo de BMI inicia com o reconhecimento de motivações internas e externas aos atores da organização; B) as motivações levam os atores a realizarem práticas formais ou informais, relacionadas à abertura dos limites da organização ou à colaboração entre áreas da empresa; C) as práticas encontradas permeiam diferentes etapas do processo de inovação; e D) os atores do processo de inovação são múltiplos (internos e externos) e colaboração é característica comum a todas as práticas mapeadas. Essas proposições sugerem que BMI está associado ao processo de inovação aberta, ao qual o aspecto de colaboração é inerente. Nesse sentido, afrouxar fronteiras externas e internas da organização e estabelecer relações dialógicas entre os diferentes atores, pode favorecer o processo de inovação em modelo de negócios / This dissertation approaches the Business Model Innovation (BMI) process of O Globo and Zero Hora newspapers through the adoption of practices that have led them towards the transformation of their traditional models. In this perspective, the literature review addressed the theme Business Model and chose a framework by which the cases were chosen and analyzed, while the BMI process was researched from the perspective of the Strategy as a Practice - to understand how the actions carried out by the actors Led the newspapers to innovation. This perspective takes advantage of a gap in the classic lines of strategy, analyzing it at the organizational level, considering emerging aspects of its construction and the relations between the different actors that compose it. It also addressed the business standards of the newspaper industry, establishing a parallel between paper and digital models. Based on the theoretical evidences, the research problem was established to know what are and how they emerged the practices that favored the BMI process in the cases studied. This question was addressed by the proposition of a conceptual model that related the practices to the factors that led the actors of the organization to the realization of them. From there, the conceptual methodological model was developed, through the study of the two cases - both big newspapers in Brazil that passed by BMI processes. The results of the research indicate that: a) the BMI process begins with the recognition of internal and external motivations to the actors of the organization; B) the motivations lead the actors to carry out formal or informal practices, related to the opening of the boundaries of the organization or to collaboration between areas of the company; C) the practices found permeate different stages of the innovation process; And D) the actors of the innovation process are multiple (internal and external) and collaboration is a common feature of all mapped practices. These propositions suggest that BMI is associated with the open innovation process, to which the aspect of collaboration is inherent. In this sense, becoming porous the organization's external and internal borders and establishing dialogic relations between the different actors can favor the business model innovation process

The literature review on emerging concepts of 'Business model' and 'Business model innovation' finds significant theoretical and practical potential to facilitate the strategising and innovating activities of modern organisations operating in complex and dynamic business environments. However, a further review of extant literature reveals that although a significant knowledge-base has been accumulated focusing on the content and process aspects of the phenomenon, very few of the conducted studies take a practice-based perspective. Therefore, in keeping with the broader research question of current strategising practices, this research investigates the issue from many possible philosophical, theoretical and methodological angles, in turn making several contributions to the theory and practice of business models while also opening up several potential future research avenues. This research consists of four main research stages sequentially covering problem formulation, two theory creation phases and problem solving, thereby meeting the requirements of a practice-based management research through relevance rather than merely rigour, as in conventional scientific research. As a result, it offers several research contributions to both the theory and practice of business models, which can be immediately put into practice by theorists, practitioners and entrepreneurs: a pluralistic business model research classification framework; a dynamic practice-based approach to the construction of business models; a knowledge-based conceptualisation of business models and a dynamic capability matrix for business model practices. Additionally, this research also offers potential future contributions to adjacent research streams such as dynamic capabilities, strategy as practice and research methodology. Overall, by utilising the philosophy of pragmatism, this thesis advances the contemporary discipline of business models towards a practice-based science, crucially and timely bridging the knowledge gap in existing practice-based theories and frameworks business models. It is hopes that this work will gave rise to a new movement of research on business models, positioning itself as a well established applied-oriented management science among the broader disciplines of strategy, innovation and entrepreneurship.

In order to stay competitive and to create value to their clients, manufacturing companies are engaging in a process called servitization, which consists in transforming their existing physical product offerings into integrated bundles of products and services, called Product-Service Systems (PSS). Servitization compels manufacturing companies to change their business models. One of the main challenges of servitization is to redesign the business processes dimension of their business model in order to operate middle of life (MOL) and end of life (EOL) phases of PSS. Despite the existence of decades-long successful PSS cases, operational difficulties are still reported. This is associated to gaps in existing PSS business model design methodologies, which are focused on the development of new PSS and lack the required level of details for servitization. The goal of this study is to propose a method to support manufacturing companies during the servitization process in developing a PSS Business Process Architecture (PSS BPA), which is the basis for redesigning their business processes. The method was developed with the support of the Design Research Methodology (DRM), which comprises four research stages. In the first and second stages, a literature review was conducted to generate theoretical requirements for guiding the proposition of the PSS BPA Development Method. Action research approach was applied in the third stage to propose the PSS BPA Development Method empirically. Action research was carried in a large multinational manufacturing company from the healthcare sector, which intended to transform a diagnostic imaging product into a use-oriented PSS. In the last stage, the method received a preliminary assessment with the intent of being prepared for further applications in case studies. The results indicate that the PSS BPA Development Method has a potential for supporting companies in defining their PSS BPA. Other key contributions of the research were the proposition of a business process reference model for PSS based on the Process Classification Framework (PCF), and insights and findings obtained with the real case of servitization. / Para se manterem competitivas e criarem valor para seus clientes, empresas de manufatura estão passando pelo processo da servitização, que é a transformação de suas ofertas baseadas em produtos físicos em soluções integradas de produtos e serviços, chamadas Sistemas Produto-Serviço (PSS). A servitização requer transformações nos modelos de negócio das empresas. Um dos principais desafios da servitização é redesenhar a dimensão de processos de negócio do modelo de negócios da empresa de maneira a operar as fases de meio de vida e final de vida de um PSS. Apesar de existirem casos de sucesso de PSS implementados há décadas, dificuldades operacionais ainda são citadas. Isto está associado com lacunas nas metodologias para desenvolvimento de modelos de negócio de PSS, as quais são focadas no desenvolvimento de novos PSS e carecem do nível de detalhes necessário para servitização. O objetivo desta pesquisa é propor um método para apoiar as empresas de manufatura no desenvolvimento da Arquitetura de Processos de Negócio do PSS durante a servitização, o que é base para o redesenho de processos destas organizações. Este método foi desenvolvido com o apoio da Metodologia de Pesquisa em Design, que contém quatro estágios. No primeiro e segundo estágios, uma revisão da literatura foi realizada para determinar os requisitos teóricos que guiaram a proposição do método. No terceiro estágio, a pesquisa ação foi utilizada para propor empiricamente o método. A pesquisa ação foi realizada em uma empresa multinacional do setor de saúde, que pretendia transformar um equipamento de diagnóstico por imagens em PSS orientado ao uso. No estágio final, o método passou por uma avaliação preliminar a fim de ser preparado para estudos de caso. Os resultados indicam que o método proposto tem potencial para apoiar as empresas na definição de arquiteturas de processos para PSS. Outras contribuições foram a proposição de um modelo de referência de processos para PSS baseado no Framework de Classificação de Processo e descobertas do caso real de servitização.