As a result of this work, it was revealed that there is a connection between openness to experience and trust among employees of a company or enterprise. As a result of correlation analysis, it was found that openness to experience is interconnected with trust in an organization with positive reliable relationships. The result of the comparative analysis conducted in the research groups showed that the level of employee confidence directly depends on their level of openness to new experience and innovations. / В результате проведенной работы было выявлено, что существует связь между открытостью к опыту и доверием среди сотрудников компании или предприятия. В результате корреляционного анализа было обнаружено, что открытость опыту взаимосвязана с доверием к организации с положительными надежными отношениями. Результат данных сравнительного анализа, проведенного в исследовательских группах, показал, что уровень доверия сотрудников напрямую зависит от уровня их открытости к новому опыту и инновациям.

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The thesis is devoted to the issue of Czech-Russian trade relations and highlight Russia as a country suitable for Czech exporters. The aim of this thesis is to comprehensively analyze the business environment in Russia as a prior country for czech exporters, evaluate the potential of Russian market for Czech exporters, further characterize Czech-Russian business relations, describe the state institutions involved in promoting exports and provide comprehensive information to potential investors . The work is divided into three chapters. The first chapter analyzes Czech-Russian trade relations, with the emphasis on foreign trade.The second chapter deals with a comprehensive macroeconomic analysis of the RF with an outline of possible business opportunities for Czech exporters on the Russian market,a third chapter is devoted to pro-export policy of the Czech Republic.

本文欲探討，政商關係的建立是否必然會導致企業的獲利？之前對於此一相關主題的研究雖然驗證了政商關係的存在及其影響力，但按著這樣的思維，我們容易把政商關係視為只是單一面向的互動，忽略了國家的角色。我們將從台灣資本主義國家的政權特性開始，探討以此開展出來的政商關係型態。本文嘗試在理論上結合「社會中心」與「國家中心」的論述，建立一個政商關係多樣型態的分析架構，再以此觀察具有政商關係的企業，在不同型態的政商關係□的獲利情形。 目 錄 第一章 緒 論1 第一節、研究動機與目的1 第二節、文獻檢閱4 第三節、章節安排11 第二章 理論架構與研究方法13 第一節、前 言13 第二節、理論架構13 第三節、研究方法24 第四節、結 語35 第三章 台灣資本主義國家的性質37 第一節、前 言37 第二節、國家力量38 第三節、公營事業46 第四節、國民黨投資事業52 第五節、結 語58 第四章 平常時期的政商關係59 第一節、前 言59 第二節、地方資本家的興起59 第三節、國家為資產階級利益服務66 第四節、結 語76 第五章 危機時期的政商關係79 第一節、前 言79 第二節、資本主義體系優於個別資本家80 第三節、執政利益優先的考量89 第四節、結 語92 第六章 結 論95 第一節、 研究發現95 第二節、 研究限制98 第三節、 研究建議99 附錄一、具企業財團背景立委參與經濟、財政、交通委員會情形101 附錄二、研究母體中各企業獲利情況102 參考資料108 圖 次 圖2.1：政商關係型態圖20 圖2.2：平常時期的政商關係21 圖2.3：危機時期的政商關係23 圖3.1：國民黨七大控股公司及重要轉投資事業一覽表54 圖4.1：歷年具企業財團背景立委首次進入立法院人數比例分配圖61 圖4.2：平常時期製造業企業平均純益折線圖68 圖4.3：達永興實業於平常時期獲利折線圖69 圖4.4：平常時期服務業企業平均純益折線圖72 圖4.5：欣欣大眾於平常時期獲利折線圖73 圖4.6：九七年（平常時期）金融業企業獲利直條圖75 圖5.1：危機時期製造業企業平均純益折線圖81 圖5.2：危機時期服務業企業平均純益折線圖83 圖5.3：金融業企業平均純益折線圖86 圖5.4：欣欣大眾於危機時期獲利折線圖91 圖5.5：九六年國民黨投資事業獲利直條圖91 圖5.6：九八年國民黨投資事業獲利直條圖92 表 次 表2.1：立委所屬大企業分類表27 表2.2：一九八六年至一九九八年的政經景況33 表3.1：已移轉民營事業表50 表3.2：民營化企業董事會成員表51 表3.3：七大控股公司稅後純益明細55 表3.4：七大控股公司持股50%以上實際經營公司家數57 表4.1：威權政體轉型前後出現的企業形成本質差異簡表60 表4.2：立法委員所屬企業背景63 表4.3：具企業財團背景立委參與經濟、財政、交通委員會人數統計65 表4.4：平常時期製造業企業獲利情形67 表4.5：平常時期服務業企業獲利情形71 表4.6：6家新銀行主要的投資財團74 表5.1：危機時期製造業企業獲利情形81 表5.2：危機時期服務業企業獲利情形83 表5.3：金融業企業獲利情形85 表5.4：一般產業與金融產業的差異87 / The thesis wants to discuss that, whether the establishment of relations between politicians and business conduce the enterprises gain profits consequentlly? The related studies about

在忽略企業主體性的情況下，國有企業往往被視為被動的行為體，然而「中國電信」卻透過破壞性創新模式，以「小靈通」突破政府的產業監管原則，為企業開創市場機會。本研究透過理性選擇制度論，恢復國有企業的主體性，探討在改革的制度環境中，「中國電信」經理人如何思維「小靈通」業務？政府如何考量監管內容的變更？以及管制與放鬆管制的變遷過程中，政企之間的互動。 研究發現，在政府政策預期的方向上，找到規制與企業利益的平衡點，乃是微觀放鬆與宏觀加強管理體制下，企業的生存之道。個案中，自主性提升的「中國電信」，便是在制度規範中找到追求利益的空間，推出「小靈通」，並透過改革過程中未能徹底解決的產權問題，利用國家重視國有資產保值增值的弱點，以及斬不斷的政企裙帶關係，促成最終的管制放鬆。 / Under the situation without caring about subjectivities of businesses, the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have been defined as the passive actors. China Telecom, however, depended upon “Xiao-ling-tong” (China’s PHS system) to break through the norms of Chinese government by using Disruptive Innovation Model and got the opportunity into the market. This volume in the light of Rational Choice Institutionalism got the subjectivities of SOEs back and discussed with how the managers in China Telecom considered the strategies of “Xiao-ling-tong” in the circumstance during China’s telecommunication industry reform. And would like to know how the government faced the changing of norms and interactions among the SOEs into the process of control and vice versa at the same time. We found, fortunately, that getting the balancing act between government’s principles and SOEs’ interests is the way which could accord with expectations of government’s policy for businesses to exist. The cases showed the reason why China Telecom with added subjectivity can get its own rooms for profit in the norms is by using “Xiao-ling-tong” and through the property rights problems that couldn’t be resolved, by taking advantage of the fact that Chinese government cares about his properties perpetually or increasingly, and by utilizing the uninterrupted relationship between politics and commerce to push the deregulateon finally.

Le mot « relations d’affaires » n’est plus seulement une simple dénomination dans le « monde du business » ; en effet, la notion juridique de relations d’affaires intervient aujourd’hui comme étant une nouvelle catégorie juridique du droit notamment depuis la rédaction de l’ordonnance française n⁰ 2016-131 du 10 février 2016. Notre analyse va porter sur la consécration de la notion de relations d’affaires en droit positif français et libanais. Cette analyse aura pour intérêt principal de tenter d’esquisser une définition générale de la notion de relations d’affaires, de développer le cadre juridique dans lequel elle se forme et de déterminer les caractéristiques relatives à la notion de relations d’affaires. Une approche juridique de cette notion nous permet de préciser les contours du régime juridique de la notion de relations d’affaires tout en se basant, en grande partie, sur l’article L. 442-6-I, 5⁰ du Code de commerce français. L’analyse de l’équilibre économique et de la sécurité juridique des contractants va conduire à étudier non seulement les relations pré-contractuelles et contractuelles mais aussi le sort et les effets juridiques des relations d’affaires au stade post contractuel. On s’attachera dans une première approche, à éclaircir les domaines dans lesquels la notion de relations d’affaires est abordée en droit positif et essayer d’en préciser les éléments constitutifs. Et dans une deuxième approche, on analysera les effets juridiques de la notion de relations d’affaires au cours des diverses phases de la formation du contrat et des conséquences de la rupture du contrat sur lesdites relations / The word « business relations » is no longer only a denomination in the « business world »; in fact, the legal notion of business relations intervenes today as a new legal category of law, in particular since the drafting of French order No. 2016-131 in 10 February 2016. Our analysis will focus on the consecration of « business relations » in French and Lebanese positive law. This analysis has a principal interest to attempt to outline a general definition of the concept of « business relations », to develop the legal framework within which it is formed, and to determine the related characteristics of the business relations concept. A legal approach of this notion has enabled us to specify the legal framework of the business relations notion, this is largely based on article L. 442-6-I, 5⁰ of the French commercial code. The analysis of the economic equilibrium and the legal security of contractors will lead us to study not only the pre-contractual and contractual relations but also the condition and the legal effects of business relations at the post-contract stage. In a first approach, we will clarify the areas in which the notion of business relations is approached in positive law, and will try to specify its constituent elements. In a second approach, we will analyze the legal effects of the « business relations » notion during the diverse phases of the contract drafting and the consequences of the contract termination on those relations

The first part is devoted to the characteristic of Russian Federation, to the Czech-Russian business relations and organizations, which provide support for Czech enterprises exporting to Russia. The following one describes Czech Trade Promotion Agency (CzechTrade) and services, which this organization and its representative offices offer to Czech exporters. The final part is engaged in the activities of foreign offices acting in Russian Federation, in export alliances and successful cases of cooperation between CzechTrade's offices in Russia and Czech companies.

This diploma thesis explores the internal economic problems of Spain and their influence on specific sectors of the Czech industry. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate threats and opportunities presented by the Spanish economic crisis to the Czech export. The thesis also selects those sectors of the Czech industry, which have the potential of growth on the Spanish market. The first part of the document describes the development of the Spanish economy after the accession to the European Communities. In this period the first Spanish economic troubles started to appear. The second part is dedicated to the business relations between the Czech Republic and Spain. The influence of the Spanish economic crisis on the Czech export is the main objective of the last, third part of the thesis. In the end of this part we can find the concrete business opportunities for the Czech exporters for the year 2016.