Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-02-15T12:50:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VANDERLEI JOSE JUNIOR.pdf: 1351825 bytes, checksum: 599d050ec951a6a8e7497a0cea5d2e17 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-15T12:50:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VANDERLEI JOSE JUNIOR.pdf: 1351825 bytes, checksum: 599d050ec951a6a8e7497a0cea5d2e17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-15 / Introduction: Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases in the male population, occupying the second position among malignant neoplasms. There are several therapeutic options for the treatment of localized prostate cancer, ranging from conservative behaviors to interventional treatments such as radical prostatectomy or external radiotherapy, associated or not with brachytherapy. Objective: To identify the factors that can predict biochemical recurrence and to evaluate treatment toxicity. METHOD: This is a retrospective and longitudinal study of 162 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer treated with conformational external radiotherapy associated with high dose rate brachytherapy (BTATD) between 2005 and 2014. The database was used of the Radium ? Campinas Oncology Institute, collected prospectively. Results: The mean follow-up time was 57 months. No grade 3 late toxicity was observed in the gastrointestinal tract, with only 1 patient (0.6%) genitourinary tract. The only categorical variable that presented statistical significance for biochemical relapse was the Nadir PSA <1 ng / ml (p = 0.018). The biochemical recurrence rate found was 96.3%, based on the Phoenix criteria (PSA nadir + 2 ng / ml). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that in the treatment of localized prostate cancer, the association of external radiotherapy with BATD is a safe therapeutic option, with a low degree 3 late toxicity and a biochemical recurrence of only 3.7% (with HF = 95 %). / Introdu??o: O c?ncer de pr?stata ? uma das doen?as mais prevalentes na popula??o masculina, ocupando a segunda posi??o entre as neoplasias malignas. H? v?rias op??es terap?uticas para o tratamento do c?ncer de pr?stata localizado, podendo variar de condutas conservadoras ? tratamentos intervencionistas como a prostatectomia radical ou a radioterapia externa, associada ou n?o ? braquiterapia. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores que possam predizer recidiva bioqu?mica e avaliar a toxicidade do tratamento. M?todo: Tratase de um estudo retrospectivo e longitudinal, com 162 pacientes diagnosticados com c?ncer de pr?stata, tratados com radioterapia externa conformacional associada ? braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose (BATD), entre 2005 e 2014. Utilizou-se o banco de dados do Radium - Instituto de Oncologia de Campinas, coletados prospectivamente. Resultados: O tempo m?dio de seguimento foi de 57 meses. N?o foi observada toxicidade tardia grau 3 no trato gastrointestinal, sendo apenas 1 paciente (0,6%) trato genitourin?rio. A ?nica vari?vel categ?rica que apresentou signific?ncia estat?stica para recidiva bioqu?mica foi o PSA Nadir <1 ng/ ml (p = 0,018). A taxa de recidiva bioqu?mica encontrada foi de 96,3%, baseando-se nos crit?rios de Phoenix (PSA nadir + 2 ng/ml). Conclus?es: Esse estudo demonstrou que, no tratamento de c?ncer de pr?stata localizado, a associa??o de radioterapia externa com BATD ? uma op??o terap?utica segura, com baixa taxa de toxicidade tardia grau 3 e recidiva bioqu?mica de apenas 3,7% (com I.C = 95%).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:39:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PriscillaCBA_DISSERT.pdf: 1344177 bytes, checksum: d76b3c3ce16850a293fa70d3ea50fea2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The increase in survival time and cure requires more extensive care about the quality of life of cancer patients, which begins soon after diagnosis. Thus, it seems reasonable to the emphasis on development of studies covering the psychosocial variables, such as stigma, treatment of childhood cancer aiming thereby to the attention of the overall needs of the child. Thus, this research aims to investigate the perception of stigma and quality of life in children with cancer. This is a cross-sectional research and understanding of the descriptive type, the type specimen being adopted for convenience. This consisted of thirty children with cancer and thirty children without chronic disease. The instruments used were the Quality of Life Questionnaire, the Perceived Stigma Scale and Technical Drawing Story with a Theme. The results indicate that the chronic condition, no interfered significantly in satisfaction with the quality of life in children with cancer and identified that the quality of life is not related to the stigma. Comparison with children with no chronic disease with infants with cancer, no significant differences were observed. However, the group mean contrast was lower, suggesting a greater impairment in quality of life of children with cancer compared to those without chronic disease. It is worth noting that the psychosocial effects and the limitations imposed by disease and treatment are presented as important factors in the design mode of subjective manifestations of children with cancer. Therefore, it is expected that knowledge elucidated by this study will assist, greatly to the promotion of improved emotional, biological and social development itself and the involvement of children with cancer treatment / O aumento do tempo de sobrevida e cura exige cuidados mais amplos em rela??o ? qualidade de vida dos pacientes com c?ncer, que tem inicio logo ap?s o diagn?stico. Deste modo, parece acertado a ?nfase dada ao desenvolvimento de estudos que abranjam as vari?veis psicossociais, como o estigma, no tratamento do c?ncer infantil visando assim ? aten??o das necessidades globais da crian?a. Destarte, esta pesquisa se prop?s a investigar a percep??o de estigma e a qualidade de vida em crian?as com neoplasia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de corte transversal do tipo descritiva e compreensiva, sendo adotado o tipo amostra por conveni?ncia. Esta foi constitu?da por trinta crian?as com c?ncer e trinta crian?as sem doen?a cr?nica. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Question?rio de Qualidade de Vida, a Escala de Percep??o de Estigma e a t?cnica de Desenho Est?ria com Tema. Os resultados apontam que a condi??o cr?nica n?o interferiu de modo significativo na satisfa??o com a qualidade de vida nas crian?as com neoplasia e identificou-se que a qualidade de vida n?o est? relacionada com o estigma. Quanto ? compara??o de crian?as sem doen?a cr?nica com os infantes com neoplasia, n?o foram observadas diferen?as significativas. Contudo a m?dia do grupo contraste apresentou-se menor, sugerindo um maior preju?zo na qualidade de vida das crian?as com c?ncer em rela??o ?s sem doen?a cr?nica. Ressaltase ainda que as repercuss?es psicossociais e as limita??es impostas pela doen?a e pelo tratamento se apresentam como fatores importantes no modo de estrutura??o das manifesta??es subjetivas das crian?as com c?ncer. Assim sendo, espera-se que o conhecimento elucidado por este estudo venha a colaborar, sobremaneira, para a promo??o da melhora emocional, biol?gica e social e do pr?prio desenvolvimento e envolvimento das crian?as com c?ncer no seu tratamento

?rea de concentra??o: Ci?ncias farmac?uticas. / Data de aprova??o ausente. / Disponibiliza??o do conte?do parcial, conforme Termo de Autoriza??o no trabalho. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-12-20T19:20:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) sara_pacelli_sousa_marcial_parcial.pdf: 166236 bytes, checksum: c01c4f087337cd82c64b06b90a1cc4dc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-01-17T18:55:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) sara_pacelli_sousa_marcial_parcial.pdf: 166236 bytes, checksum: c01c4f087337cd82c64b06b90a1cc4dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-17T18:55:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) sara_pacelli_sousa_marcial_parcial.pdf: 166236 bytes, checksum: c01c4f087337cd82c64b06b90a1cc4dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / O paclitaxel (PTX) ? um agente quimioter?pico que tem uma importante fun??o no tratamento de v?rios tipos de c?ncer, especialmente o c?ncer de mama. No entanto, a baixa solubilidade do PTX em meio aquoso (coeficiente de parti??o log = 3,96) representa uma limita??o para a administra??o intravenosa. A formula??o convencional do PTX cont?m uma alta concentra??o de Cremofor-EL? (derivado polietoxilado do ?leo de r?cino), o qual induz significante toxicidade, restringindo sua utiliza??o cl?nica. A encapsula??o do PTX em sistema de libera??o de f?rmacos pode melhorar a absor??o e aumentar a sua efic?cia terap?utica. Neste estudo, tr?s diferentes nanossistemas lip?dicos contendo PTX, nanopart?culas lip?dicas s?lidas (NLS), nanoemuls?o (NE) e carreadores lip?dicos nanoestruturados (CLN) foram preparados e as propriedades f?sico-qu?micas e a atividade citotoxicidade in vitro foram avaliadas. Em rela??o ao di?metro m?dio, o CLN branco mostrou valor de di?metro aproximadamente 2 e 1,7 vezes menor que os obtidos para NLS e NE, respectivamente. A presen?a de PTX levou a um aumento significativo no di?metro das part?culas em todos os sistemas avaliados, exceto no NE. Al?m disso, o aumento da concentra??o do f?rmaco (0,01% para 0,025%) produziu um aumento do di?metro para a prepara??o de CLN. Todas as formula??es com PTX mostraram ?ndice de polidispers?o superior a 0,3, exceto para NE-PTX na concentra??o do f?rmaco igual a 0,01% (p/v). Valores negativos de potencial zeta foram observados para todas as formula??es avaliadas. CLN-PTX foi o sistema mais est?vel ap?s armazenado por 30 dias a 4 ?C. O estudo de citotoxicidade nas linhagens celulares de c?ncer de mama (MDA-MB-231 e MCF-7) demonstrou atividade citot?xica mais pronunciada para CLN-PTX do que para o PTX livre em ambos as linhagens celulares do tumor. Baseado nesses resultados, CLN-PTX parece ser uma ferramenta potencial para o tratamento do c?ncer de mama. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Farmac?uticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, [2016]. / Paclitaxel (PTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent that plays an important role in the treatment of several types of human cancer, especially breast cancer. However, the low solubility of PTX in aqueous medium (partition coefficient log of 3.96) represents a barrier for intravenous administration. The conventional PTX formulation contains a high concentration of Cremophor-EL? (polyethoxylated castor oil), which is associated with significant toxicities restricting its clinical use. The encapsulation of the PTX in drug delivery systems could improve the uptake and increase its therapeutic efficacy. In this study, three different lipid nanosystems containing PTX, solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN), nanoemulsion (NE), and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) were prepared, and the physicochemical properties and in vitro cytotoxic activity were evaluated. Concerning the mean diameter, NLC blank showed diameter values approximately 2 and 1.7-fold lower than those obtained for SLN and NE, respectively. The presence of PTX leads to a significant increase in the particle diameter in all systems evaluated, except NE. In addition, increases in drug concentration (0.01% to 0.025%) produced an enhanced diameter for NLC preparation. All formulations containing PTX showed PI higher than 0.3, except for NE-PTX at drug concentration equal to 0.01% (w/v). Negative zeta potential values were observed in all formulations evaluated. NLC-PTX was the system more stable after storage for 30 days at 4 oC. The cytotoxicity studies on breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) demonstrated cytotoxic activity more pronounced for NCL-PTX than for free PTX for both tumor cell lines. Thus, the results showed that NCL-PTX seems to be a potential tool for the treatment of breast cancer.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GlauciaRMAS_TESE.pdf: 2163942 bytes, checksum: 5778dd8818ffc286b87137c2a56b9fc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Breast cancer, despite being one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide is a disease that can be cured if diagnosed early. One of the main techniques used in the detection of breast cancer is the Fine Needle Aspirate FNA (aspiration puncture by thin needle) which, depending on the clinical case, requires the analysis of several medical specialists for the diagnosis development. However, such diagnosis and second opinions have been hampered by geographical dispersion of physicians and/or the difficulty in reconciling time to undertake work together. Within this reality, this PhD thesis uses computational intelligence in medical decision-making support for remote diagnosis. For that purpose, it presents a fuzzy method to assist the diagnosis of breast cancer, able to process and sort data extracted from breast tissue obtained by FNA. This method is integrated into a virtual environment for collaborative remote diagnosis, whose model was developed providing for the incorporation of prerequisite Modules for Pre Diagnosis to support medical decision. On the fuzzy Method Development, the process of knowledge acquisition was carried out by extraction and analysis of numerical data in gold standard data base and by interviews and discussions with medical experts. The method has been tested and validated with real cases and, according to the sensitivity and specificity achieved (correct diagnosis of tumors, malignant and benign respectively), the results obtained were satisfactory, considering the opinions of doctors and the quality standards for diagnosis of breast cancer and comparing them with other studies involving breast cancer diagnosis by FNA. / O c?ncer de mama, apesar de ser uma das principais causas de morte entre as mulheres em todo o mundo, ? uma doen?a que pode ser curada se for diagnosticada precocemente. Uma das principais t?cnicas utilizadas na detec??o de c?ncer de mama ? a Fine Needle Aspirate FNA (ou Pun??o Aspirativa por Agulha Fina) que, dependendo do caso cl?nico, necessita da an?lise de v?rios m?dicos especialistas para a efetiva??o do diagn?stico. Entretanto, a realiza??o de tais diagn?sticos e a emiss?o de segundos pareceres t?m sido prejudicadas pela dispers?o geogr?fica dos m?dicos e/ou a dificuldade na concilia??o de tempo para realizar trabalhos em conjunto. Inserindo-se nessa realidade, esta tese de doutorado utiliza intelig?ncia computacional no apoio ? tomada de decis?o m?dica para a realiza??o de telediagn?sticos. Para tanto apresenta um m?todo fuzzy destinado a auxiliar o diagn?stico de c?ncer de mama, capaz de processar e classificar dados extra?dos de esfrega?os de tecidos mam?rios obtidos por FNA. Este m?todo est? integrado a um ambiente virtual para realiza??o de telediagn?stico colaborativo, cujo modelo foi desenvolvido prevendo a incorpora??o de M?dulos de Pr?-Diagn?stico para apoio ? tomada de decis?o m?dica. No desenvolvimento do m?todo fuzzy, o processo de aquisi??o do conhecimento foi realizado pela extra??o e an?lise dos dados num?ricos em base de dados padr?o ouro e por entrevistas e discuss?es com m?dicos especialistas. O m?todo foi testado e validado com casos reais e, em fun??o da sensibilidade e da especificidade alcan?adas (diagn?stico correto de tumores, respectivamente, malignos e benignos), os resultados obtidos foram satisfat?rios, considerando tanto os pareceres de m?dicos e os padr?es de qualidade para diagn?stico de c?ncer de mama quanto a compara??o com outros estudos realizados envolvendo diagn?stico de c?ncer de mama por FNA.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:32:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdilmarMS_DISSERT.pdf: 790528 bytes, checksum: 570c185c018d55b199d467de6ca18465 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity and oropharynx are squamous cell carcinoma. Injuries to the same stage and subjected to the same treatment protocol have sometimes different evolutionary courses. The scope of this study was to investigate, through a retrospective cohort, associations between the number of CD8 + T cells and natural killer, identified immunohistochemically in the inflammatory infiltrate in a series of cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and orofaringeano, and the level of tumor response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, overall survival and relapse-free survival of patients. We identified 54 patients with unresectable disease were treated exclusively with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The median follow-up was 22 months. The sample was characterized by the predominance of male subjects, median age 60 years, all were smokers. The most frequent site was the tongue and 81.5% were in stage IV. Patients with disease in the oral cavity had a worse response to treatment (p = 0.006), worse relapse-free survival (p = 0.007), worse overall survival (p = 0.007). The advanced T stage was shown a negative prognostic factor (p= 0.006) for the clinical treatment response made. Immunohistochemistry was performed to select CD8 + cells (anti-CD8) and NK cells (anti-CD57). Lymphocytes positive and negative markings were counted using the program ImageJ ?. Two groups were created for each marking evaluated: Group I patients with more than 50% cells positive, Group II: less than 50% of labeled cells. For CD8 + cells detected in 38 (70.3%) of Group I were CD8 + and 16 (29.7%) Group II CD8 +. For NK cells, 26 (48.15%) Group I NK and 28 (51.85%) Group II NK. Regarding the clinical response to treatment, we observed that 39% of patients achieved a complete response and 25.9% remained without recurrence at the end of follow-up. These results were better in Group I CD8 + (p = 0.2). Identified that 72.2% of patients progressed to death, this finding had no association with the immunohistochemical data. There was no statistically significant differences between the number of CD8 + and NK cells and the ability of tumor response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, or with overall survival and relapse-free survival of patients. However, especially in relation to a learned response, we found that this group of patients with advanced disease have a low count of CD8 + T cells active. Believing in the role that the immune response plays in the local fight against neoplastic cells, however, our results do not support the use of quantitative analysis of CD8 + T cells and NK cells as a prognostic factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma and oropharynx / A neoplasia maligna mais frequente da cavidade oral e da orofaringe ? o carcinoma epiderm?ide. Les?es com o mesmo estadiamento e submetidas ao mesmo protocolo terap?utico apresentam, por vezes, cursos evolutivos diferentes. O escopo do presente trabalho foi investigar, atrav?s de um coorte retrospectivo, associa??es entre a quantidade de c?lulas TCD8+ e natural killer, identificadas imuno-histoquimicamente no infiltrado inflamat?rio de uma s?rie de casos de carcinoma epiderm?ide oral e orofaringeano, e o n?vel de resposta tumoral ao tratamento radioter?pico e quimioter?pico, a sobrevida global e sobrevida livre de recidiva dos pacientes. Foram identificados 54 pacientes com doen?a irressec?vel, tratados exclusivamente com radioterapia e quimioterapia. A mediana de seguimento foi de 22 meses. A amostra se caracterizou pelo predom?nio de indiv?duos masculinos, com idade mediana de 60 anos; todos eram tabagistas. O s?tio mais frequente foi a l?ngua oral e 81,5% encontravam-se no est?dio IV. Os pacientes com doen?a na cavidade oral tiveram uma pior resposta ao tratamento (p=0,006), pior sobrevida livre de recidiva (p=0,007), pior sobrevida global (p=0,007). O est?dio T avan?ado se demonstrou um fator progn?stico negativo (p=0,006) para a resposta ao tratamento cl?nico efetuado. Foi realizada imuno-histoqu?mica para marcar c?lulas CD8+ (anti-CD8) e c?lulas NK (anti-CD57). Os linf?citos positivos e negativos para as marca??es foram contados atrav?s do programa ImageJ?. Dois grupos foram criados para cada marca??o avaliada: Grupo I: pacientes com mais de 50% das c?lulas positivas; Grupo II: menos de 50% das c?lulas marcadas. Para as c?lulas CD8+ detectamos que 38 (70,3%) eram do Grupo I CD8+ e 16 (29,7%) do Grupo II CD8+. Para as c?lulas NK, 26 (48,15%) Grupo I NK e 28 (51,85%) Grupo II NK. Em rela??o ? resposta cl?nica ao tratamento, observamos que 39% dos pacientes obtiveram resposta completa e 25,9% permaneceram sem recidiva ao final do seguimento. Esses resultados foram melhores no Grupo I CD8+ (p=0,2). Identificamos que 72,2% dos pacientes evolu?ram para o ?bito, esse achado n?o teve associa??o com os dados imuno-histoqu?micos. N?o se observou diferen?as estatisticamente significantes entre a quantidade de c?lulas CD8+ e NK e a capacidade de resposta tumoral ao tratamento radioter?pico e quimioter?pico, nem com a sobrevida global e sobrevida livre de recidiva dos pacientes. Contudo, principalmente em rela??o a resposta adquirida, detectamos que este grupo de pacientes com doen?a avan?ada tem uma baixa contagem de c?lulas TCD8+ ativas. Acreditando no papel fundamental que a resposta imune exerce no combate local ?s c?lulas neopl?sicas; no entanto, nossos resultados n?o suportam a utiliza??o da an?lise quantitativa das c?lulas TCD8+ e NK como um dos fatores progn?sticos para o carcinoma epiderm?ide oral e de orofaringe

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:32:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_GeorgeJFN.pdf: 2720479 bytes, checksum: 6d72db8b12a0e5f743d69a67430d66b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) and -9 (MMP-9) modulate important functions strictly related to the development, invasion and metastasis of several human cancers among them the squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (SCCT). However, individual genetic factors such as the functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influence the pattern of protein expression of these MMPs and thus may be related to the variability observed in the clinical behavior of patients with SCCT. In this context, the present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between the frequency of the functional SNPs MMP-7 -181 A/G and MMP-9 -1562 C/T and the clinical (age, gender and metastasis) and pathological (malignancy histological grading and immunohistochemistry expression) features of SCCT cases. Genotyping of these SNPs were performed by PCR-RFLP on DNA samples from 71 cases of SCCT and 60 individuals without cancer who constitute the control group. Among the results of this research, it was observed that the frequency of the polymorphic alleles MMP-7 -181 G and MMP-9 -1562 T in SCCT patients was 28% and 12%, respectively, and the frequency of the heterozygotes A/G (PR = 2.00; p < 0.001) and C/T (PR = 1.54; p = 0.014) were significantly higher in the patient group than in the controls. The prevalence of patients carrying the combination of SNPs studied was significantly associated with SCCT cases (PR = 2.00; p = 0.011) and metastasis (PR = 2.00; p < 0.001). Furthermore, with the frequency of SNPs analyzed, the age, gender, histological grading and immunoreactivity of MMP-7 and MMP-9 formed clinical and pathological parameters relevant to the identification of population subgroups more related to the development of SCCT and metastasis. Based on these results, it is suggested that the protein expression levels of MMP-7 and -9 substantially influence the balance between their pro- and anticancer biological functions and hence the clinicopathological profile of the squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue / As metaloproteinases da matriz extracelular-7 (MMP-7) e -9 (MMP-9) modulam importantes fun??es relacionadas ao desenvolvimento, invas?o e met?stase de diversos c?nceres humanos, dentre os quais o carcinoma epiderm?ide de l?ngua (CEL). Entretanto, fatores gen?ticos individuais, tais como polimorfismos de nucleot?deo ?nico (SNPs) funcionais, influenciam no padr?o de express?o proteica dessas MMPs, podendo estar relacionados ? variabilidade no comportamento cl?nico tumoral observado em pacientes com CEL. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou, atrav?s de an?lise em sec??o transversal, estudar a associa??o entre a frequ?ncia dos SNPs funcionais MMP-7 -181 A/G e MMP-9 -1562 C/T e as caracter?sticas cl?nicas (idade, sexo e met?stase) e patol?gicas (grada??o histol?gica e express?o imuno-histoqu?mica) em uma s?rie de casos de CEL. A genotipagem dos referidos SNPs foi executada por PCR-RFLP em amostras de DNA de 71 casos de CEL e de 60 indiv?duos sem c?ncer, que constitu?ram o grupo controle. Dentre os resultados da presente pesquisa, evidenciou-se que a frequ?ncia dos alelos polim?rficos MMP-7 -181 G e MMP-9 -1562 T nos pacientes com CEL foi de 28% e 12%, respectivamente, sendo as frequ?ncias dos heterozigotos A/G (RP = 2.00; p < 0.001) e C/T (RP = 1.54; p = 0.014) significativamente maiores neste grupo de pacientes que no grupo controle. A preval?ncia dos pacientes portadores da combina??o dos SNPs estudados associou-se significativamente aos casos de CEL (RP = 2.00; p = 0.011) e ? met?stase (RP = 2.00; p < 0.001). Ademais, junto ? frequ?ncia dos SNPs analisados, a idade, sexo, grada??o histol?gica e imunoexpress?o da MMP-7 e -9 constitu?ram par?metros clinicopatol?gicos relevantes para a identifica??o de subgrupos populacionais mais predispostos ao desenvolvimento do CEL e met?stase. Frente a estes resultados, sugere-se que os n?veis de express?o da MMP-7 e -9 influenciam consideravelmente no balan?o entre suas fun??es pr? e antineopl?sicas e, consequentemente, no perfil clinicopatol?gico do carcinoma epiderm?ide de l?ngua.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:47:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FrederikoSLNA.pdf: 5281687 bytes, checksum: 9fe12b6bcc355f7c67cf2f2c3ad9812b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-16 / This work performs an algorithmic study of optimization of a conformal radiotherapy plan treatment. Initially we show: an overview about cancer, radiotherapy and the physics of interaction of ionizing radiation with matery. A proposal for optimization of a plan of treatment in radiotherapy is developed in a systematic way. We show the paradigm of multicriteria problem, the concept of Pareto optimum and Pareto dominance. A generic optimization model for radioterapic treatment is proposed. We construct the input of the model, estimate the dose given by the radiation using the dose matrix, and show the objective function for the model. The complexity of optimization models in radiotherapy treatment is typically NP which justifyis the use of heuristic methods. We propose three distinct methods: MOGA, MOSA e MOTS. The project of these three metaheuristic procedures is shown. For each procedures follows: a brief motivation, the algorithm itself and the method for tuning its parameters. The three method are applied to a concrete case and we confront their performances. Finally it is analyzed for each method: the quality of the Pareto sets, some solutions and the respective Pareto curves / O presente trabalho realiza um Estudo Algor?tmico para Otimiza??o do Plano de Tratamento da Radioterapia Conformal. Inicialmente s?o apresentadas: uma vis?o geral sobre o c?ncer, o tratamento com radioterapia e no??es sobre a intera??o do feixe de radia??es ionizantes com a mat?ria. Uma proposta para Otimiza??o do Plano de Tratamento Radioter?pico ? desenvolvida de modo sistem?tico. ? apresentado o paradigma de problemas multicrit?rio, os conceitos de Pareto otimalidade e Pareto Domin?ncia. Um modelo Gen?rico de Otimiza??o para o Plano de Tratamento Radioter?pico ? proposto. S?o constru?das suas entradas, ? calculada a dose depositada no corpo do paciente atrav?s do conceito de matriz de dose, e ? apresentada a fun??o objetivo deste modelo. A complexidade dos problemas de otimiza??o do tratamento radioter?pico s?o classificados como de complexidade NP, este resultado justifica o desenvolvimento de m?todos heur?sticos para a sua resolu??o. S?o propostas tr?s metaheur?sticas para a Otimiza??o do Plano de Tratamento Radioter?pico: MOGA, MOSA e MOTS de acordo como o modelo gen?rico de otimiza??o proposto. Os projetos desses procedimentos metaheur?sticos s?o devidamente apresentados. Para cada m?todo se faz uma introdu??o liter?ria, dos seus algoritmos e a da metodologia usada para a afina??o dos par?metros. Os m?todos s?o aplicados a um caso concreto e confrontados atrav?s de medidas de performance. Finalmente ? analisado a qualidade dos conjuntos de Pareto produzidos por cada m?todo, s?o exibidas algumas solu??es geradas e as respectivas curvas de Pareto associadas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:53:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RilsonFPC_DISSERT.pdf: 3034446 bytes, checksum: 3438246bec362ea10fb8ddec43c5dd86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-27 / The research aimed identify how the quality of services provided by Casa de Apoio ? Crian?a com C?ncer Durval Paiva is perceived by its users, giving an opportunity of improve their performance in social services provision pointing out the failures experienced, the institution will have the user as a important partner in fails identification, serving as a subsidy to the actions of correction and improvement to such situations demands. With this work implementation will be observed contributions that will permeate to the fields of theory and practice, enabling progress and enrichment on the subject. The theoretical contribution is observed as this work execution will provide greater advance about the models developed for the third sector. The proposed work will raise awareness issues about the full potential of the social economy, with regard to the quality of services provided by organizations, allowing a better definition of priorities on their development. The study addressed three issues: identifying the people that receive support of the Casa Durval Paiva, identifying what is the level of satisfaction of families served and evaluate the services provided by Casa Durval Paiva that demand improvements in the perception of families assisted. Found a demand for services has been found that the institution has a multidisciplinary team with a high level of professionalism, and supervised with students of various educational institutions and many volunteers to complement the actions of individual professionals. Was measured a high satisfaction of users of the services provided by Casa Durval Paiva / prestados, pela Casa de Apoio ? Crian?a com C?ncer Durval Paiva, ? percebida por seus usu?rios, fornecendo-lhe oportunidade de avalia??o do desempenho desta na presta??o de servi?os sociais, uma vez que, ao apontar as falhas vivenciadas, a institui??o ter? o usu?rio como forte aliado na identifica??o dos erros cometidos, servindo de subs?dios ?s a??es de corre??o e melhoria que tais situa??es demandar?o. Com a execu??o do trabalho proposto, ser?o observadas contribui??es que permear?o os campos da teoria e da pr?tica, possibilitando avan?os e enriquecimento acerca do tema. A contribui??o te?rica se observar? ? medida que a execu??o do trabalho propiciar? um maior aprofundamento a respeito dos modelos desenvolvidos para o terceiro setor. O trabalho proposto possibilitar? a consci?ncia de aspectos limitantes ao aproveitamento pleno dos potenciais da economia social, com rela??o ? qualidade dos servi?os prestados por organiza??es do terceiro setor, permitindo uma melhor defini??o de prioridades sobre o seu desenvolvimento. O trabalho abordou tr?s temas: identificar o p?blico alvo atendido pela Casa Durval Paiva; identificar qual ? o n?vel de satisfa??o das fam?lias atendidas com rela??o aos servi?os prestados pela Casa Durval Paiva e avaliar quais os servi?os prestados pela Casa Durval Paiva que demandam melhorias, na percep??o das fam?lias assistidas. Verificada a demanda dos servi?os oferecidos, foi constatado que a institui??o tem uma equipe multidisciplinar com um elevado n?vel de profissionalismo, al?m de est?gios supervisionados com alunos das diversas institui??es de ensinos e um corpo de volunt?rios que complementam as a??es de cada um dos profissionais. Aferido uma alta satisfa??o dos usu?rios pelos servi?os prestados pela Casa Durval Paiva

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:54:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HelianaBS_da_capa_ate_cap4.pdf: 2361373 bytes, checksum: 3e1e43e8ba1aadc274663b8b8e3de72f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The skin cancer is the most common of all cancers and the increase of its incidence must, in part, caused by the behavior of the people in relation to the exposition to the sun. In Brazil, the non-melanoma skin cancer is the most incident in the majority of the regions. The dermatoscopy and videodermatoscopy are the main types of examinations for the diagnosis of dermatological illnesses of the skin. The field that involves the use of computational tools to help or follow medical diagnosis in dermatological injuries is seen as very recent. Some methods had been proposed for automatic classification of pathology of the skin using images. The present work has the objective to present a new intelligent methodology for analysis and classification of skin cancer images, based on the techniques of digital processing of images for extraction of color characteristics, forms and texture, using Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) and learning techniques called Support Vector Machine (SVM). The Wavelet Packet Transform is applied for extraction of texture characteristics in the images. The WPT consists of a set of base functions that represents the image in different bands of frequency, each one with distinct resolutions corresponding to each scale. Moreover, the characteristics of color of the injury are also computed that are dependants of a visual context, influenced for the existing colors in its surround, and the attributes of form through the Fourier describers. The Support Vector Machine is used for the classification task, which is based on the minimization principles of the structural risk, coming from the statistical learning theory. The SVM has the objective to construct optimum hyperplanes that represent the separation between classes. The generated hyperplane is determined by a subset of the classes, called support vectors. For the used database in this work, the results had revealed a good performance getting a global rightness of 92,73% for melanoma, and 86% for non-melanoma and benign injuries. The extracted describers and the SVM classifier became a method capable to recognize and to classify the analyzed skin injuries / O c?ncer de pele ? o mais comum de todos os c?nceres e o aumento da sua incid?ncia deve-se, em parte, ao comportamento das pessoas em rela??o ? exposi??o ao sol. No Brasil, o c?ncer de pele n?o melanoma ? o mais incidente na maioria das regi?es. A dermatoscopia e ideodermatoscopia s?o os principais tipos de exames para o diagn?stico de doen?as da pele dermatol?gicas. O campo que envolve o uso de ferramentas computacionais para o aux?lio ou acompanhamento do diagn?stico m?dico em les?es dermatol?gicas ainda ? visto como muito recente. V?rios m?todos foram propostos para classifica??o autom?tica de patologias da pele utilizando imagens. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma nova metodologia inteligente para an?lise e classifica??o de imagens de c?ncer de pele, baseada nas t?cnicas de processamento digital de imagens para extra??o de caracter?sticas de cor, forma e textura, utilizando a Transformada Wavelet Packet (TWP) e a t?cnicas de aprendizado de m?quina denominada M?quina de Vetor de Suporte (SVM Support Vector Machine). A Transformada Wavelet Packet ? aplicada para extra??o de caracter?sticas de textura nas imagens. Esta consiste de um conjunto de fun??es base que representa a imagem em diferentes bandas de freq??ncia, cada uma com resolu??es distintas correspondente a cada escala. Al?m disso, s?o calculadas tamb?m as caracter?sticas de cor da les?o que s?o dependentes de um contexto visual, influenciada pelas cores existentes em sua volta, e os atributos de forma atrav?s dos descritores de Fourier. Para a tarefa de classifica??o ? utilizado a M?quina de Vetor de Suporte, que baseia-se nos princ?pios da minimiza??o do risco estrutural, proveniente da teoria do aprendizado estat?stico. A SVM tem como objetivo construir hiperplanos ?timos que apresentem a maior margem de separa??o entre classes. O hiperplano gerado ? determinado por um subconjunto dos pontos das classes, chamado vetores de suporte. Para o banco de dados utilizado neste trabalho, os resultados apresentaram um bom desempenho obtendo um acerto global de 92,73% para melanoma, e 86% para les?es n?o-melanoma e benigna. O potencial dos descritores extra?dos aliados ao classificador SVM tornou o m?todo capaz de reconhecer e classificar as les?es analisadas