No description available.

Pacientes com câncer de mama apresentam menores níveis de 1,25(OH)2D3 ou 25(OH)D3 em relação às mulheres sem a doença. Embora linhagens de câncer de mama apresentem inibição do crescimento em concentrações supra-fisiológicas de 1,25(OH)2D3, forma ativa da vitamina D, ainda não se demonstrou se o hormônio exerce efeito antiproliferativo, em concentrações fisiológicas, em tumores de seres humanos. A suplementação de calcitriol pode ser indica a mulheres pós-menopausadas para prevenir a perda óssea. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar em pacientes com câncer de mama, pós menopausadas, a dimensão do tumor, taxa de proliferação (expressão de Ki67), concentração sérica de 1,25(OH)2D3 e 25(OH)D3, expressão gênica tumoral do receptor de vitamina D (VDR) e alguns genes alvos como, CYP24A1, CYP27B1, IGFBP3, PHB, TGFB2, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CYP27B1, MYC, CAMP, TXNRD2, antes a após um mês de suplementação oral de calcitriol. Foram estudadas 24 pacientes com doença operável, idade mediana de 57 anos. As primeiras 10 pacientes e as 14 seguintes receberam 0,25 e 0,50g/dia de calcitriol, respectivamente, por um período mediano de 31 dias. Três quartos das pacientes apresentavam nível sérico de insuficiência de 25(OH)D3 ou insuficiência relativa (<30ng/ml) e após a suplementação, nenhuma paciente apresentou elevação dos níveis séricos de 1,25(OH)2D3 e 25(OH)D3. Embora a dimensão tumoral, mensurada por ultrasonografia, não apresentasse variação, a imuno-expressão de Ki67 sofreu um redução relativa mediana de 40%. A expressão relativa de VDR, CYP24A1, CYP27B1, IGFBP3, PHB, TGFB2, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CYP27B1, MYC, CAMP, TXNRD2 não se alterou com a suplementação. Nossos dados indicam que tumores de mama expressam VDR, e que após suplementação oral de calcitriol, ocorre uma redução da proliferação. Este efeito merece ser elucidado, desde que genes alvo clássicos da 1,25(OH)2D3 não parecem ser mediadores do efeito anti-proliferativo, em amostras de câncer de mama de pacientes pós menopausadas. / Breast cancer patients present lower 1,25(OH)2D3 or 25(OH)D3 serum levels than unaffected women. Although breast cancer cell lines are growth inhibited by vitamin D supra-physiological concentrations, there is much uncertainty about the anti-proliferative effect of physiological concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3, the active form of vitamin D, in breast cancer specimens in vivo. Vitamin D supplementation to post-menopausal women may be indicated to reduce bone loss. Our aim was to evaluate tumor dimension, proliferation rate (Ki67 expression), 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 serum concentration, and tumor expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), and of some target genes as CYP24A1, CYP27B1, IGFBP3, PHB, TGFB2, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CYP27B1, MYC, CAMP, TXNRD2, before and after a one month calcitriol supplementation to post-menopausal breast cancer patients. Twenty four patients with operable disease, median age 57 years, were enrolled. The first tem patients were supplemented with calcitriol 0.25g/d and the next 14 patients, with 0.50g/d, for a median period of 31 days. Three fourths of the patients presented 25(OH)D3 insufficiency or relative insufficiency (<30 ng/mL) and after calcitriol supplementation, none of them presented an elevation of 1,25(OH)2D3 or 25(OH)D3 serum concentration. Although tumor dimension, evaluated by ultrasonography, did not vary, a median relative reduction of 40% in Ki67 immuno-expression, was observed. No differences in VDR, CYP24A1, CYP27B1, IGFBP3, PHB, TGFB2, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CYP27B1, MYC, CAMP, TXNRD2 mRNA relative expression were detected between pre and post-supplementation samples. No differences in VDR, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 tumor relative expression were detected following supplementation. Our data indicate that VDR expression is detected in breast cancer samples and that growth inhibition takes place after calcitriol oral supplementation. This anti-proliferative effect deserves further investigation, as classical target genes do not seem to be involved.

A vitamina D (VD) pode estar envolvida no controle da proliferação, diferenciação e apoptose em linhagens mamárias. Existem evidências de que mulheres com câncer de mama apresentam menor concentração sérica de 25(OH)D3 ou de 1,25(OH)2D3 em relação às mulheres sem câncer. Por outro lado, pouco se sabe se a concentração sérica de VD pode influenciar o desenvolvimento de câncer de mama em cadelas e se o hormônio pode ter efeito quimiopreventivo, inibindo o aparecimento de tumores ou mesmo efeito terapêutico, reduzindo a proliferação de células malignas. Logo, nossos objetivos foram comparar a concentração sérica de 25(OH)D3 em animais com e sem tumor mamário e analisar as ações de 1,25(OH)2D3 em glândulas mamárias normais e tumorais de cadelas, utilizando como modelo a cultura de tecidos. Inicialmente foram incluídas 39 cadelas portadoras de tumor de mama e 64 cães sem tumor (controle), sendo que 50 eram fêmeas e 14 eram machos. Observamos que os animais do grupo tumoral possuíam idade mais avançada (mediana de 108 meses) em relação ao grupo controle (mediana de 36 meses para os machos e 24 meses para as fêmeas). No grupo controle, a concentração sérica foi maior nos machos (32,5 ± 19,3 ng/mL) do que nas fêmeas (22,8 ± 9,6 ng/mL), mas não houve diferença em relação ao grupo tumor (26,62 ± 14,25 ng/mL). Em relação à dieta, a concentração sérica de 25(OH)D3 foi maior nas fêmeas do grupo controle que se alimentavam de ração em comparação às que se alimentavam de comida caseira e ração. Entretanto, não houve diferença em relação à exposição ao sol e características da pelagem em todos os animais. No grupo tumoral, houve correlação inversa da concentração sérica de 25(OH)D3 em relação à idade, mas não houve diferença quanto ao tipo histológico ou estadiamento da doença. Foram coletadas 70 amostras de tumor de mama e de tecido mamários normal de cadelas, as quais foram cultivadas em fatias. Dos tecidos tumorais, 50% eram positivos para receptor de estrógeno (acima de 10% de células marcadas) e 44% eram positivos para HER-2 (método HercepTest). Detectou-se expressão gênica e proteica do receptor da vitamina D (VDR) em tecido mamário normal e tumoral, sendo identificado três padrões na imunoistoquímica: I - células epiteliais e mioepiteliais (mais frequentemente encontrada em tecido normal), II - marcação predominante em células mioepiteliais (mais comum em tecido tumoral e III - marcação predominante em células epiteliais. As amostras foram tratadas com 1,25(OH)2D3 nas concentrações 0,228 nM, 2 nM e 100 nM (concentração fisiológica, farmacológica que não induz hipercalcemia e farmacológica que induz hipercalcemia, respectivamente). O conteúdo de VD tecidual avaliado por cromatografia líquida foi crescente de acordo com as concentrações de VD utilizadas, indicando penetração do hormônio nas fatias. Observou-se indução da expressão de CYP24A1, que variou de 27 a 158 vezes dependendo da concentração utilizada, indicando ativação genômica da via da VD e que o tecido permanece metabolicamente ativo em cultura. Entretanto, não houve diferença da expressão gênica de outros genes envolvidos com o metabolismo da VD (CYP27B1), genes envolvidos no controle da proliferação (CDKN1A e CDKN1B) e genes envolvidos com a imunidade (CD14). O tratamento com calcitriol nas diferentes concentrações não induziu a apoptose (expressão proteica de caspase-3 clivada) e não alterou a proliferação nos tecidos normais (expressão proteica de Ki-67), mas diminuiu a proliferação nos tecidos tumorais. Não foi observada correlação entre a indução da apoptose e redução da proliferação com os padrões de expressão proteica de VDR. Concluindo, não observamos diferença na concentração sérica de 25(OH)D3 entre cadelas com tumor de mama e animais controle. Detectamos que o calcitriol em concentração fisiológica ativa a via genômica de VD em mama normal e tumoral e reduz o índice de proliferação (expressão de Ki-67) nos tumores de mama / Vitamin D (VD) may be involved in the control of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of mammary cell lines exposed to high concentrations of the hormone. There is some evidence that women with breast cancer present lower serum level of 25(OH)D3 or 1,25(OH)2D3 compared to women without cancer. Moreover, little is known if serum concentration of VD can influence the development of mammary tumors in dogs and if the hormone may have chemopreventive effect by inhibiting the appearance of tumors or therapeutic effect, reducing the proliferation of malignant cells. Therefore, our goals were to compare the serum 25(OH)D3 level in animals with and without mammary tumor and to analyze 1,25(OH)2D3 effects in normal and tumoral canine mammary glands, using as a model the tissue culture. At first, 39 bitches with mammary tumor and 64 dogs without tumor (control), of which 50 were females and 14 were males were included. Animals in tumor group were older (median 108 months) compared to control group (median 36 months for males and 24 months for females). In control group, serum concentration was higher in males (32.5 ± 19.3 ng/mL) than in females (22.8 ± 9.6 ng/mL), but there was no difference when compared to tumor group (26.62 ± 14.25 ng/mL). Regarding diet, serum 25(OH)D3 level was higher in control bitches fed commercial pet food compared to those fed homemade and commercial pet food combined. However, there was no difference of serum 25(OH)D3 concentration, sun exposure and coat features. In tumor group, there was an inverse correlation between serum 25(OH)D3 and age, but there was no difference in 25(OH)D3 concentration among bitches with different histological type or clinical stage of the disease. Seventhy bitches diagnosed with mammary tumors had tumor and mammary samples collected, sliced and cultured. In tumor tissues, 50% were positive for estrogen receptor (over 10% of cells stained), and 44% were positive for HER-2 (HercepTest method). Vitamin D receptor (VDR) protein and genic expression was detected in normal and tumoral samples. Three patterns of VDR were detected by immunohistochemistry: I - localizated in epithelial and myoepithelial cells (more often in normal tissues), II - predominantly in myoepithelial cells (most common in tumor tissues) and III - predominantly in epithelial cells. Normal anmammary slices were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 0.228 and 100nM concentrations (concentration physiological and pharmacological, respectively) and mammay tumor slices were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 2 nM concentrations (drug concentration which does not induce hypercalcemia) and 100 nM, for 24 hours. VD tissue content measured by liquid chromatography was higher in samples exposed to high VD concentration, indicating penetration of the hormone in slices. VD treatment induced CYP24A1 expression, 27 to 158 fold depending on the concentration used, and indicating activation of the VD genomic pathway. This result also suggest that the tissue remains metabolically active in culture. However, no difference in gene expression of other target genes such as CYP27B1, genes involved in proliferation as CDKN1A and CDKN1B and genes involved in immunity, such as CD14. Calcitriol treatment at different concentrations did not induce apoptosis (protein expression of cleaved caspase-3) and did not alter proliferation in normal tissues (expression of protein Ki -67), but decreased proliferation in tumor tissues. No correlation was observed between the induction of apoptosis and reduction of proliferation with the protein expression patterns of VDR. In conclusion, no difference in serum 25(OH)D3 between bitches with mammary tumor and control animals was observed. In normal and tumoral mammary samples calcitriol physiologic concentration activated VD genomic pathway and in tumor samples calcitriol reduced the proliferation index (Ki-67)

No description available.

A vitamina D (VD) pode estar envolvida no controle da proliferação, diferenciação e apoptose em linhagens mamárias. Existem evidências de que mulheres com câncer de mama apresentam menor concentração sérica de 25(OH)D3 ou de 1,25(OH)2D3 em relação às mulheres sem câncer. Por outro lado, pouco se sabe se a concentração sérica de VD pode influenciar o desenvolvimento de câncer de mama em cadelas e se o hormônio pode ter efeito quimiopreventivo, inibindo o aparecimento de tumores ou mesmo efeito terapêutico, reduzindo a proliferação de células malignas. Logo, nossos objetivos foram comparar a concentração sérica de 25(OH)D3 em animais com e sem tumor mamário e analisar as ações de 1,25(OH)2D3 em glândulas mamárias normais e tumorais de cadelas, utilizando como modelo a cultura de tecidos. Inicialmente foram incluídas 39 cadelas portadoras de tumor de mama e 64 cães sem tumor (controle), sendo que 50 eram fêmeas e 14 eram machos. Observamos que os animais do grupo tumoral possuíam idade mais avançada (mediana de 108 meses) em relação ao grupo controle (mediana de 36 meses para os machos e 24 meses para as fêmeas). No grupo controle, a concentração sérica foi maior nos machos (32,5 ± 19,3 ng/mL) do que nas fêmeas (22,8 ± 9,6 ng/mL), mas não houve diferença em relação ao grupo tumor (26,62 ± 14,25 ng/mL). Em relação à dieta, a concentração sérica de 25(OH)D3 foi maior nas fêmeas do grupo controle que se alimentavam de ração em comparação às que se alimentavam de comida caseira e ração. Entretanto, não houve diferença em relação à exposição ao sol e características da pelagem em todos os animais. No grupo tumoral, houve correlação inversa da concentração sérica de 25(OH)D3 em relação à idade, mas não houve diferença quanto ao tipo histológico ou estadiamento da doença. Foram coletadas 70 amostras de tumor de mama e de tecido mamários normal de cadelas, as quais foram cultivadas em fatias. Dos tecidos tumorais, 50% eram positivos para receptor de estrógeno (acima de 10% de células marcadas) e 44% eram positivos para HER-2 (método HercepTest). Detectou-se expressão gênica e proteica do receptor da vitamina D (VDR) em tecido mamário normal e tumoral, sendo identificado três padrões na imunoistoquímica: I - células epiteliais e mioepiteliais (mais frequentemente encontrada em tecido normal), II - marcação predominante em células mioepiteliais (mais comum em tecido tumoral e III - marcação predominante em células epiteliais. As amostras foram tratadas com 1,25(OH)2D3 nas concentrações 0,228 nM, 2 nM e 100 nM (concentração fisiológica, farmacológica que não induz hipercalcemia e farmacológica que induz hipercalcemia, respectivamente). O conteúdo de VD tecidual avaliado por cromatografia líquida foi crescente de acordo com as concentrações de VD utilizadas, indicando penetração do hormônio nas fatias. Observou-se indução da expressão de CYP24A1, que variou de 27 a 158 vezes dependendo da concentração utilizada, indicando ativação genômica da via da VD e que o tecido permanece metabolicamente ativo em cultura. Entretanto, não houve diferença da expressão gênica de outros genes envolvidos com o metabolismo da VD (CYP27B1), genes envolvidos no controle da proliferação (CDKN1A e CDKN1B) e genes envolvidos com a imunidade (CD14). O tratamento com calcitriol nas diferentes concentrações não induziu a apoptose (expressão proteica de caspase-3 clivada) e não alterou a proliferação nos tecidos normais (expressão proteica de Ki-67), mas diminuiu a proliferação nos tecidos tumorais. Não foi observada correlação entre a indução da apoptose e redução da proliferação com os padrões de expressão proteica de VDR. Concluindo, não observamos diferença na concentração sérica de 25(OH)D3 entre cadelas com tumor de mama e animais controle. Detectamos que o calcitriol em concentração fisiológica ativa a via genômica de VD em mama normal e tumoral e reduz o índice de proliferação (expressão de Ki-67) nos tumores de mama / Vitamin D (VD) may be involved in the control of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of mammary cell lines exposed to high concentrations of the hormone. There is some evidence that women with breast cancer present lower serum level of 25(OH)D3 or 1,25(OH)2D3 compared to women without cancer. Moreover, little is known if serum concentration of VD can influence the development of mammary tumors in dogs and if the hormone may have chemopreventive effect by inhibiting the appearance of tumors or therapeutic effect, reducing the proliferation of malignant cells. Therefore, our goals were to compare the serum 25(OH)D3 level in animals with and without mammary tumor and to analyze 1,25(OH)2D3 effects in normal and tumoral canine mammary glands, using as a model the tissue culture. At first, 39 bitches with mammary tumor and 64 dogs without tumor (control), of which 50 were females and 14 were males were included. Animals in tumor group were older (median 108 months) compared to control group (median 36 months for males and 24 months for females). In control group, serum concentration was higher in males (32.5 ± 19.3 ng/mL) than in females (22.8 ± 9.6 ng/mL), but there was no difference when compared to tumor group (26.62 ± 14.25 ng/mL). Regarding diet, serum 25(OH)D3 level was higher in control bitches fed commercial pet food compared to those fed homemade and commercial pet food combined. However, there was no difference of serum 25(OH)D3 concentration, sun exposure and coat features. In tumor group, there was an inverse correlation between serum 25(OH)D3 and age, but there was no difference in 25(OH)D3 concentration among bitches with different histological type or clinical stage of the disease. Seventhy bitches diagnosed with mammary tumors had tumor and mammary samples collected, sliced and cultured. In tumor tissues, 50% were positive for estrogen receptor (over 10% of cells stained), and 44% were positive for HER-2 (HercepTest method). Vitamin D receptor (VDR) protein and genic expression was detected in normal and tumoral samples. Three patterns of VDR were detected by immunohistochemistry: I - localizated in epithelial and myoepithelial cells (more often in normal tissues), II - predominantly in myoepithelial cells (most common in tumor tissues) and III - predominantly in epithelial cells. Normal anmammary slices were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 0.228 and 100nM concentrations (concentration physiological and pharmacological, respectively) and mammay tumor slices were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 2 nM concentrations (drug concentration which does not induce hypercalcemia) and 100 nM, for 24 hours. VD tissue content measured by liquid chromatography was higher in samples exposed to high VD concentration, indicating penetration of the hormone in slices. VD treatment induced CYP24A1 expression, 27 to 158 fold depending on the concentration used, and indicating activation of the VD genomic pathway. This result also suggest that the tissue remains metabolically active in culture. However, no difference in gene expression of other target genes such as CYP27B1, genes involved in proliferation as CDKN1A and CDKN1B and genes involved in immunity, such as CD14. Calcitriol treatment at different concentrations did not induce apoptosis (protein expression of cleaved caspase-3) and did not alter proliferation in normal tissues (expression of protein Ki -67), but decreased proliferation in tumor tissues. No correlation was observed between the induction of apoptosis and reduction of proliferation with the protein expression patterns of VDR. In conclusion, no difference in serum 25(OH)D3 between bitches with mammary tumor and control animals was observed. In normal and tumoral mammary samples calcitriol physiologic concentration activated VD genomic pathway and in tumor samples calcitriol reduced the proliferation index (Ki-67)

Pacientes com câncer de mama apresentam menores níveis de 1,25(OH)2D3 ou 25(OH)D3 em relação às mulheres sem a doença. Embora linhagens de câncer de mama apresentem inibição do crescimento em concentrações supra-fisiológicas de 1,25(OH)2D3, forma ativa da vitamina D, ainda não se demonstrou se o hormônio exerce efeito antiproliferativo, em concentrações fisiológicas, em tumores de seres humanos. A suplementação de calcitriol pode ser indica a mulheres pós-menopausadas para prevenir a perda óssea. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar em pacientes com câncer de mama, pós menopausadas, a dimensão do tumor, taxa de proliferação (expressão de Ki67), concentração sérica de 1,25(OH)2D3 e 25(OH)D3, expressão gênica tumoral do receptor de vitamina D (VDR) e alguns genes alvos como, CYP24A1, CYP27B1, IGFBP3, PHB, TGFB2, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CYP27B1, MYC, CAMP, TXNRD2, antes a após um mês de suplementação oral de calcitriol. Foram estudadas 24 pacientes com doença operável, idade mediana de 57 anos. As primeiras 10 pacientes e as 14 seguintes receberam 0,25 e 0,50g/dia de calcitriol, respectivamente, por um período mediano de 31 dias. Três quartos das pacientes apresentavam nível sérico de insuficiência de 25(OH)D3 ou insuficiência relativa (<30ng/ml) e após a suplementação, nenhuma paciente apresentou elevação dos níveis séricos de 1,25(OH)2D3 e 25(OH)D3. Embora a dimensão tumoral, mensurada por ultrasonografia, não apresentasse variação, a imuno-expressão de Ki67 sofreu um redução relativa mediana de 40%. A expressão relativa de VDR, CYP24A1, CYP27B1, IGFBP3, PHB, TGFB2, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CYP27B1, MYC, CAMP, TXNRD2 não se alterou com a suplementação. Nossos dados indicam que tumores de mama expressam VDR, e que após suplementação oral de calcitriol, ocorre uma redução da proliferação. Este efeito merece ser elucidado, desde que genes alvo clássicos da 1,25(OH)2D3 não parecem ser mediadores do efeito anti-proliferativo, em amostras de câncer de mama de pacientes pós menopausadas. / Breast cancer patients present lower 1,25(OH)2D3 or 25(OH)D3 serum levels than unaffected women. Although breast cancer cell lines are growth inhibited by vitamin D supra-physiological concentrations, there is much uncertainty about the anti-proliferative effect of physiological concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3, the active form of vitamin D, in breast cancer specimens in vivo. Vitamin D supplementation to post-menopausal women may be indicated to reduce bone loss. Our aim was to evaluate tumor dimension, proliferation rate (Ki67 expression), 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 serum concentration, and tumor expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), and of some target genes as CYP24A1, CYP27B1, IGFBP3, PHB, TGFB2, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CYP27B1, MYC, CAMP, TXNRD2, before and after a one month calcitriol supplementation to post-menopausal breast cancer patients. Twenty four patients with operable disease, median age 57 years, were enrolled. The first tem patients were supplemented with calcitriol 0.25g/d and the next 14 patients, with 0.50g/d, for a median period of 31 days. Three fourths of the patients presented 25(OH)D3 insufficiency or relative insufficiency (<30 ng/mL) and after calcitriol supplementation, none of them presented an elevation of 1,25(OH)2D3 or 25(OH)D3 serum concentration. Although tumor dimension, evaluated by ultrasonography, did not vary, a median relative reduction of 40% in Ki67 immuno-expression, was observed. No differences in VDR, CYP24A1, CYP27B1, IGFBP3, PHB, TGFB2, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CYP27B1, MYC, CAMP, TXNRD2 mRNA relative expression were detected between pre and post-supplementation samples. No differences in VDR, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 tumor relative expression were detected following supplementation. Our data indicate that VDR expression is detected in breast cancer samples and that growth inhibition takes place after calcitriol oral supplementation. This anti-proliferative effect deserves further investigation, as classical target genes do not seem to be involved.

Purpose Lower serum vitamin D levels have been associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer. Among men with localized prostate cancer, especially with low-or intermediate-risk disease, vitamin D may serve as an important biomarker of disease aggression. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between adverse pathology at the time of radical prostatectomy and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) levels. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out from 2009 to 2014, nested within a large epidemiologic study of 1,760 healthy controls and men undergoing prostate cancer screening. In total, 190 men underwent radical prostatectomy in the cohort. Adverse pathology was defined as the presence of primary Gleason 4 or any Gleason 5 disease, or extraprostatic extension. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the relationship between 25-OH D and adverse pathology at the time of prostatectomy. Results Eighty-seven men (45.8%) in this cohort demonstrated adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy. The median age in the cohort was 64.0 years (interquartile range, 59.0 to 67.0). On univariate analysis, men with adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy demonstrated lower median serum 25-OH D (22.7 v 27.0 ng/mL, P = .007) compared with their counterparts. On multivariate analysis, controlling for age, serum prostate specific antigen, and abnormal digital rectal examination, serum 25-OH D less than 30 ng/mL was associated with increased odds of adverse pathology (odds ratio, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.25 to 5.59; P = .01). Conclusion Insufficiency/deficiency of serum 25-OH D is associated with increased odds of adverse pathology in men with localized disease undergoing radical prostatectomy. Serum 25-OH D may serve as a useful biomarker in prostate cancer aggressiveness, which deserves continued study. (C) 2016 by American Society of Clinical Oncology

Vitamin D3 must be metabolically activated by the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) and then by the kidney 1alphahydroxylase (1alphaOHase) to become 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25(OH)2D3). 1,25(OH)2 D3 is a potent inhibitor of tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Recent studies indicate that metabolic activation of 1,25(OH) 2D3 also occurs in cancer cells such as breast cancer. Consequently, the major objective of this project was to determine if tumoral 25OHD 3-1alphahydroxylase modulates any or all of the stages of breast tumor progression without inducing the hypercalcemic side effects of 1,25(OH) 2D3. For this purpose we used the PyVMT breast cancer mouse model in which the oncoprotein, polyomamiddle T antigen (PyMT) is under the control of mouse mammary tumor virus LTR (MMTV LTR). Mice exhibited tumors restricted to the mammary epithelium progressing to the various stages of breast cancer. Animals were treated with either vehicle, 25OHD3 (2000 pM/24h) or 1,25(OH)2D3 (12pM/24h). Mice treated with the vitamin D precursor, 25OHD3, exhibited a marked reduction in tumor onset and growth comparable to the 1,25(OH)2D3 treated group. Furthermore, biomarkers of tumor progression were markedly reduced in 25OHD3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 animals as compared to vehicle-treated animals. However, mean circulating calcium concentrations remained unchanged in 25OHD3 treated animals but increased significantly in 1,25(OH)2D3 treated animals as compared to controls. Tumoral levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 in mice treated with 25OHD3 were increased 79% in comparison to vehicle control mice. Additionally, 25OHD3 and 1,25(OH)2D 3 treated animals had a significant decrease in the mean number of lung metastases per animal as compared to vehicle treated control animals. This study therefore suggests an important autocrine role of 1alphaOHase expression in breast tumor cells. Furthermore, accumulation of intra-tumoral 1,25(OH) 2D3 in response to 25OHD3 administration strongly suggests that locally produced 1,25(OH)2D3 plays a significant role in restraining tumor growth without inducing the hypercalcemic side effects associated with 1,25(OH)2D3.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of South Florida, 2004. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-148).

No description available.