Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto antibacteriano del extracto metanólico de Moringa oleifera (Moringa) combinado con Hidróxido de calcio sobre cepas de Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212). Materiales y métodos: Se preparó extractos metanólicos de tallos, hojas y tallos más hojas de Moringa oleifera, los cuales fueron combinados con Hidróxido de calcio en igual proporción. Posteriormente se procedió a evaluar el efecto antibacteriano de los extractos en presencia y ausencia del Hidróxido de calcio contra la cepa bacteriana de Enterococcus faecalis utilizando el método de Kirby-Bauer y el recuento de Unidades Formadoras de Colonias (UFC). Resultados: Se observó que al comparar el Hidróxido de calcio con los extractos metanólicos de Moringa oleifera en presencia y ausencia del Hidróxido de calcio se demuestra que, el Hidróxido de calcio por si solo tiene alto efecto antibacteriano a diferencia de las diversas combinaciones. Conclusiones: La importancia de este estudio fue evaluar si el extracto metanólico de Moringa oleifera repotencia el efecto antibacteriano del Hidróxido de calcio. Los resultados muestran que los diferentes extractos metanólicos de Moringa oleifera no tienen la capacidad de repotenciar al Hidróxido de calcio. / Objective: Evaluate the antibacterial effect of the methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (Moringa) combined with calcium hydroxide on strains of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212). Materials and methods: Methanolic extracts of stems, leaves and stems plus Moringa oleifera leaves were prepared, which were combined with calcium hydroxide in equal proportion. Subsequently, the antibacterial effect of the extracts in the presence and absence of calcium hydroxide against the bacterial strain of Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer method and the count of Colony Forming Units (CFU). Results: It was observed that when comparing calcium hydroxide with the methanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera in the presence and absence of calcium hydroxide, it is shown that calcium hydroxide alone has a high antibacterial effect unlike the various combinations. Conclusions: The importance of this study was to evaluate if the methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera enhances the antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide. The results show that different methanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera do not have the capacity to repower the calcium hydroxide. / Tesis

For the period of several centuries, the influence of several distinct cultures produced rich and diverse cultural heritage that we see today in East Africa countries. The most tangible remains of these heritages are stone built buildings and structures including, palaces, mosques, residential houses and tombs. At present, these heritages are in different physical state, some are in relatively good condition while many are in an appalling condition. The presence of these historical monuments has benefited these countries economically and culturally therefore, it is essential to ensure that these monuments continue to exist. Material characterisation of the historical buildings and associated structures was used to develop a suitable method of intervention that is sympathetic to the original materials. Mortar is the most damaged material therefore, historical mortar from Stone Town historical buildings and associated structures has been characterised by visual examination, optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction and hydrostatic weighing and the results have been compared. The historical mortar is mainly comprised of calcite, quartz and feldspar. The mortar condition has been divided into hard mortar, soft mortar and, soft and friable mortar. The deteriorated mortar that required consolidation is soft mortar and, soft and friable mortar with a porosity of approximately 27%. Calcium hydroxide solution (limewater) has been selected as consolidant and the consolidation procedure involves two steps. Firstly a limewater impregnation procedure has been developed and secondly, the effect of limewater treatment has been determined. For the application procedure it has been observed that, when limewater comes into contact with calcium carbonate a precipitation reaction occurs and that is the cause of poor penetration ability of calcium hydroxide solution. Major influencing factors on the penetration ability of calcium hydroxide solution have been established as, application method and absorption capacity of the treated material during the impregnation process. Optimization of the penetration ability of calcium hydroxide solution has been achieved by impregnating from the middle of the impregnated specimen. Sugar has been used to study the influence of additive on enhancing calcium hydroxide solubility. It has been verified that solubility of calcium hydroxide in a solution of sugar is proportional to the amount of sugar in the solution. Porosity and strength tests have been used to study the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide treatment. Under the conditions studied no appreciable change of porosity has been detected. It is postulated that the calcium hydroxide was deposited at the binder/aggregate interface and at the secondary pores. In terms of strength, evidence has been found to suggest the strength increment varies quantitively with the amount of calcite crystals deposited. / QC 20100803

The physical characteristics and reactivity of a number of commercially available samples of calcium oxide and hydroxide were investigated. 'Fresh' and 'aged' (Le. exposed to the atmosphere) samples were characterised by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy, Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis, Nitrogen Adsorption, Water Adsorption, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Microprobe Analysis. From this slight differences in the 'fresh' samples were found to be due to various degrees of atmospheric ageing. The main process involved in the ageing process was confirmed to be carbonatation (or carbonation). This ageing process was then followed by analysing a sample of calcium hydroxide over a long time period (350 days) and by looking at variations in the process by exposure of the sample to various gases and vapours, i.e. water, dried carbon dioxide, deuterium oxide, ethanol and methanol. These experiments showed that the reaction probably proceeded by a direct reaction between the carbon dioxide gas and the solid and confirmed that water was important when considering the rate of the carbonatation reaction. This was thought to be due to its influence in disrupting the calcium hydroxide structure, thus allowing new surface to become available for reaction and allowing the formation of a bulk calcium carbonate structure. Water adsorption isotherms carried out on the calcium hydroxide at elevated temperatures (250°C and above) showed that outgassing at such temperatures caused a partial decomposition to calcium oxide but that the original calcium hydroxide structure remained intact. These isotherms also had negative hysteresis which was thought to be due to the take up of water in an expanded skeletal calcium hydroxide structure which was expelled from the structure when it fully reconstituted at higher relative pressures to reform calcium hydroxide.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Feb. 5, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-79).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1979.

Orientador: Mario Roberto Leonardo / Banca: Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva / Banca: José Arlindo Otoboni Filho / Banca: Clóvis Monteiro Bramante / Banca: João Humberto Antoniazzi / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do preparo biomecânico coadjuvado por diferentes soluções irrigadoras e da sua associação a um curativo de demora à base de hidróxido de cálcio em canais radiculares de dentes de cães contendo endotoxina (LPS bacteriano). Foram utilizados 137 raízes de pré-molares com vitalidade pulpar de 7 cães, cujos canais radiculares, após pulpectomia foram preenchidos por solução de LPS de Eschechia coli na concentração de 10mg/mL, por 10 dias, quando receberam os seguintes procedimentos: Nos grupos I a V foi realizado o preparo biomecânico dos canais radiculares, coadjuvado pelas seguintes soluções irrigadoras: solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 1, 2,5 e 5% (grupos I a III); solução de digluconato de clorexidina a 2% (Grupo IV); soro fisiológico (Grupo V). No grupo VI, a solução de LPS foi mantida no canal radicular durante todo o período experimental e no grupo VII, após o preparo biomecânico coadjuvado por soro fisiológico, os canais radiculares foram preenchidos por pasta à base de hidróxido de cálcio (Calen). Decorridos 60 dias, os animais foram mortos e as peças submetidas ao processamento histológico para avaliação do reparo apical e periapical. A avaliação histopatológica demostrou que, os grupos I a VI, que não receberam curativo de demora apresentaram maior intensidade de infiltrado inflamatório, espessura do ligamento periodontal e reabsorção cementária e óssea (p<0,05) do que o grupo VII, o qual recebeu curativo de demora à base de hidróxido de cálcio. Conclui-se que o preparo biomecânico coadjuvado por diferentes soluções irrigadoras não foi capaz de inativar a endotoxina. Porém, o emprego do curativo de demora á base de hidróxido de cálcio mostrou-se eficaz na inativação, in vivo, dos efeitos tóxicos da endotoxina. / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biomechanical preparation with different irrigating solutions and its association with a calcium hydroxide based root canal dressing (Calen) in root canals of dogþs teeth containing endotoxin (bacterial LPS). One hundred and thirty-seven root canals of pre-molars with pulp vitality from 7 mongrel dogs were used. The root canals, after pulpectomy, were filled with LPS solution from Escherichia coli with 10mg/mL, for 10 days. Then, they were submitted to the following treatments: In the groups I to V, biomechanical preparation of root canals was done using the following irrigating solutions: 1, 2.5 and 5% sodium hypochlorite solution in the groups I to III; 2.0% digluconate chlorhexidine (Group IV); saline solution (Group V). In the group VI, LPS solution was mantained in the root canal during all the experimental period and in the group VII, after the biomechanical preparation using saline solution as irrigating solution, the root canals were filled with a calcium hydroxide based root canal dressing (Calen). After 60 days, the animals were killed and the obtained histological sections were processed for evaluation of the apical and periapical repair. The histopathological evaluation showed that, the groups I to VI, with no root canal dressing demonstrated more intensive inflammatory infiltrate, thickness of periodontal ligament and cement and osseus reabsorption (p<0,05) than group VII, that received a root canal dressing based on calcium hydroxide. In conclusion, the biomechanical preparation with different irrigating solutions didn't inativate the endotoxin. The intracanal dressing based on calcium hydroxide was efficient, in vivo, in the inativation of the deletery effects of endotoxin. / Doutor

Orientador: Juliane Maria Guerreiro Tanomaru / Resumo: Micro-organismos resistentes dificultam a atuação de medicações intracanal à base de hidróxido de cálcio. Óleos essenciais podem ser usados para aumentar a atividade antimicrobiana. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o pH e atividade antimicrobiana/antibiofilme de medicações intracanal à base de hidróxido de cálcio (HC) associadas aos óleos essenciais, Lemongrass e Thyme, em comparação às associações com clorexidina (CLX) e paramonoclorofenol canforado (PMCC). As medicações intracanal (MICs) avaliadas foram: Calen® + Lemongrass (HC-LE), Calen® + Thyme (HC-TH), Calen® (HC), Calen PMCC® (HC-PMCC) e Calen® + CLX (HC-CLX.) O estudo foi dividido em duas publicações. Publicação 1- avaliou o pH e a atividade antibacteriana sobre Enterococcus faecalis. O pH foi avaliado nos períodos de 12 h, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias. A efetividade antibacteriana foi avaliada após contaminação por 21 dias dos canais radiculares de dentes humanos extraídos. Foram realizadas 3 coletas para a contagem de UFC mL-1 : C1- após contaminação, C2- após 7 dias com MICs e C3- após 7 dias da remoção das MICs. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes estatisticos de ANOVA e Tukey ou Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn (α=0,05). Maior pH ocorreu nos períodos iniciais (12 h - 7 dias). Todas as MICs promoveram pH alcalino sem diferença entre elas (p<0,05). Todas as MICs avaliadas demonstraram atividade antibacteriana. No entanto, associações aos óleos essenciais demonstraram menor contagem bacteriana de proximadamente 10,57% e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Resistant microorganisms make it difficult the activity of intracanal calcium hydroxide-based medications. Essential oils can be used to increase their antimicrobial effectiveness. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pH and antimicrobial/antibiofilm activity of intracanal calcium hydroxide (CH) - based medications associated with essential oils, Lemongrass and Thyme, in comparison to combinations with chlorhexidine (CHX) and camphorated monoparachlorophenol (CMCP). The intracanal medications (IMs) evaluated were: Calen® + Lemongrass (CH-LE), Calen® + Thyme (CH-TH), Calen® (CH), Calen CMCP® (CHCMCP) and Calen® + CHX (CH-CHX). The study was divided into two publications. Publication 1- aims to evaluate the pH and antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis. The pH was evaluated in the periods of 12 h, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The antibacterial effectiveness was evaluated after contamination for 21 days of the root canals of extracted human teeth. Three samples were performed for counting of CFU mL-1 : S1- after contamination, S2- after 7 days with IMs, and S3- after 7 days of removal of IMs. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by ANOVA and Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (α=0.05). Higher pH occurred in the initial periods (12 h - 7 days). All IMs promoted alkaline pH with no difference between them (p<0.05). All IMs showed antibacterial activity. However, associations to essential oils showed lower bacterial counts about 10.57% in comparison t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Este ensaio clinico randomizado controlado avaliou a eficácia do uso da proteção pulpar indireta com cimento de hidróxido de cálcio (HC) ou sistema adesivo universal (AU) num período de seis meses de acompanhamento em lesões profundas de cáries em dentes permanentes após a remoção seletiva de tecido cariado (RSTC). Métodos: Participaram do estudo 48 pacientes, (mediana de idade de 27 anos [distribuição 7-54 anos]), com 41 molares e 15 premolares com lesões profundas de cárie (envolvimento radiográfico ≥50% de profundidade de dentina), sensibilidade pulpar positiva ao teste frio (gás refrigerado, -50°C, Maquira, PR, Brasil), ausência de dor espontânea, sensibilidade negativa aos testes de percussão, ausência de perda cuspídea e ausência de imagem radiográfica sugestiva de lesão periapical (radiografia periapical - VistaScan®). Após a remoção seletiva de tecido cariado para dentina amolecida, o grupo teste do ensaio recebeu um sistema adesivo universal (Universal single bond, 3M Espe, Brasil), enquanto o grupo controle recebeu a proteção pulpar indireta com cimento de hidróxido de cálcio (Dycal, Dentisply, Rj, Brasil). Todos os dentes foram imediatamente restaurados seguindo o condicionamento ácido seletivo em esmalte, aplicação de um sistema adesivo universal (AU) e resina composta nanoparticulada (Filtek Z350, 3M Espe, SP, Brasil). O desfecho de sucesso para vitalidade pulpar avaliou após seis meses: sensibilidade pulpar positiva ao teste frio, ausência de imagem sugestiva de lesão periapical (radiografia periapical - VistaScan®), ausência de dor espontânea e sensibilidade negativa à percussão vertical. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier e teste Log Rank, e as variáveis idade (mediana), gênero, escolaridade, IPV, ISG, CPO-D, CPO-S, número de faces da restauração, tipo do dente, proteção pulpar indireta, profundidade da lesão (≥50% da profundidade da dentina ou ≥75% da profundidade da dentina) e presença de antagonista, quanto as suas distribuições nos dois grupos de tratamento pelos testes qui-quadrado e de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: As taxas de sucesso foram de 93.3% para o grupo controle (HC) e de 95.8% para o grupo teste (AU) (P=0.976). Dois casos de insucesso foram registrados, sendo necrose pulpar (grupo controle) e pulpite (grupo teste). As variáveis analisadas no início do estudo mostram uma amostra igualmente distribuída entre os grupos de tratamento. Nenhuma das variáveis foi relacionada ao insucesso. Os resultados sugerem que não há diferença entre o uso ou não de HC na proteção pulpar indireta após remoção 7 seletiva de tecido cariado em seis meses de acompanhamento, apresentando uma taxa de sucesso alta independente do tratamento. / This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness of using indirect pulp protection with calcium hydroxide liner (CH) or universal adhesive (UA) over a period of 6 months in deep caries lesions on permanent teeth after selective removal to soft dentin (SCRSD). Methods: The sample consisted of 41 molars and 15 premolars (with radiographic involvement of the inner half of the dentin), from 48 patients, (median age 27 [distribution 7-54 years]), with positive response to cold test (refrigerated gas, -50 °C, Maquira, PR, Brazil), absence of spontaneous pain, negative sensitivity to percussion tests, absence of cuspid loss and absence of radiographic imaging suggestive of periapical lesion (periapical radiography). After the selective removal to soft dentin, the test group received a universal adhesive system (Universal Single Bond, 3M Espe, Brazil) whereas the control group received indirect pulp protection with calcium hydroxide liner (Dycal, Dentisply, Rj, Brazil). All teeth were restored following selective acid condition for enamel, adhesive system (UA) and nanoparticulate composite resin (Filtek Z350, 3M Espe, SP, Brazil). The successful outcome for pulp vitality assessed after six months: positive pulpal sensitivity to the cold test, absence of image suggestive of periapical lesion (periapical radiography - VistaScan®), absence of spontaneous pain and negative response to vertical percussion test. The results were submitted to the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the Log Rank test and the variables: age of subjects, gender, schooling, plaque index, gingival bleeding index, DMF-T, DMF-S, number of surfaces involved in the filling, type of the tooth, indirect pulp material, size of lesion (≥50% of dentine or ≥75% of dentine) and antagonist, analyzed for their distribution in the two treatment groups by the tests chi-square and Mann-Whitney. Results: The success rates were 93.3% for the control group (CH) and 95.8% for the test group (UA) (P=0,976). Only two cases of failure were recorded, one pulp necrosis (control group) and pulpitis (test group). The variables analyzed at the beginning of the study show a similarly distributed sample between treatment groups. The results suggest that there is no difference between the use of CH or UA in indirect pulp protection after SCRSD followed by composite restoration at six months of follow-up, showing a high rate of success for both treatments.

The calibration of the solution SMP or the solution TSM for their use to estimate the soil potential acidity (H+Al) uses the direct soil titration by incubation with calcium carbonate for a period of 180 days, which makes the method laborious. Also, the extraction of potential acidity by calcium acetate is limited when the values of (H+Al) reach 7.0 cmolc Kg-1, or index TSM/SMP less than 5.5. Therefore, there is an alternative method of incubation with calcium hydroxide, which generates results in 5 days as well as shows similar data to the calcium carbonate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil incubation with calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, with calcium acetate extraction as methods for determining the soil H+Al. A total of 39 diverse soil types from whole Brazil was collected and a portion of 1 kg from each soil was incubated with calcium carbonate at 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 % of potential acidity at pH 7.0, estimated by TSM and termed as "long incubation". As the "short incubation" consisted of portions of 40 g soil incubated for 5 days in an incubator at 30°C with calcium hydroxide solution in the same percentages of calcium carbonate but with addition of solid reagent of H+Al values above 8 cmolc Kg-1. We also carried the extraction of with 0.5 mol L-1 calcium acetate at pH 7.0 with 5 replicates of the samples. The results showed a positive correlation between the two incubation methods which indicates that it is possible to replace calcium carbonate incubation method with calcium hydroxide incubation to obtain the H+Al without compromising the interpretation of results. / A calibração do Tampão SMP ou do Tampão TSM para uso na estimativa da acidez potencial do solo (H+Al), utiliza a titulação direta com incubação do solo com carbonato de cálcio por um período de até 180 dias, o que torna o método oneroso. Já a extração da acidez potencial pelo acetato de cálcio é limitada quando os valores de (H+Al) alcançam 7,0 cmolc dm-3 ou índice TSM/SMP menor que 5,5. Então, surge como alternativa a realização de incubação com hidróxido de cálcio, que além de gerar resultados em 5 dias, apresenta dados com boa relação com a incubação com carbonato de cálcio. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a incubação do solo com hidróxido de cálcio e carbonato de cálcio, com extração por acetato de cálcio como métodos para determinar a H+Al do solo. O trabalho foi realizado nos anos de 2013 e 2014 no Laboratório de Química e Fertilidade de Solo do Departamento de Solos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS. Foram estudados 39 solos do Brasil em porções de 1 kg para incubação com carbonato de cálcio, as quais foram incubadas com 50, 75, 100, 125 e 150% da acidez potencial a pH 7,0 estimada pelo TSM, com 5 repetições por tratamento, sendo denominada incubação longa . Já a incubação do solo com hidróxido de cálcio, com o mesmo número de solos, consistiu de porções de 40 g de solo incubados por 5 dias em estufa a 30ºC com solução de hidróxido de cálcio nas mesmas porcentagens do carbonato de cálcio, porém com adição de reagente sólido para os valores de H+Al acima de 8 cmolc dm-3, sendo chamada de incubação curta . Também se realizou a extração da H+Al com acetato de cálcio 0,5 mol L-1 a pH 7,0 com o mesmo número de solos, com 4 repetições. Os resultados obtidos mostram uma relação positiva entre os dois métodos de incubação, indicando que é possível substituir a incubação com longa pela incubação curta para obter a H+Al do solo sem comprometer a interpretação dos resultados.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:01:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 castilho_lr_dr_araca.pdf: 543044 bytes, checksum: c8c840ddb273d1f9081ffe2d929ea3fa (MD5) / O uso de substâncias que inibem o processo reabsortivo pode ser uma alternativa para o aumento do sucesso nos casos de reimplante tardio. O alendronato sódico é um conhecido inibidor da reabsorção, sendo que sua utilização em forma de pasta, como curativo intracanal, poderia aumentar os índices de sucesso em dentes susceptíveis à reabsorção. Frente a isso, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar comparativamente o efeito das pastas de alendronato sódico e hidróxido de cálcio como medicação intracanal em dentes de ratos reimplantados tardiamente. Para isso, foram utilizados 24 incisivos superiores direitos de ratos. Os dentes foram extraídos e permaneceram a seco por 30 minutos, após isso tiveram a superfície radicular tratada com hipoclorito de sódio a 1% e fluoreto de sódio a 2%. Na sequência, os dentes foram divididos em 2 grupos: no grupo I, os canais radiculares foram limpos e preenchidos com a pasta experimental a base de alendronato sódico. No grupo II, usou-se a pasta de hidróxido de cálcio, após os procedimentos citados anteriormente. Em seguida, os dentes foram reimplantados em seus respectivos alvéolos. Passados 15 e 60 dias do reimplante dentário, os animais sofreram eutanásia e as peças obtidas processadas em laboratório para análise microscópica e morfométrica. Os resultados demonstraram que em ambos os grupos a ocorrência da anquilose foi baixa, assim como a reabsorção inflamatória e por substituição. A presença de cemento sobre a superfície radicular foi alta e constante. No grupo I, o tecido conjuntivo formado no espaço do ligamento periodontal mostrou-se disposto de forma paralela, sendo que em alguns espécimes, o tecido estava inflamado e com presença de placa bacteriana, sugerindo a formação de bolsa periodontal. No grupo II, houve a formação de tecido conjuntivo paralelo na maioria... / The search for substances that may increase the success in cases of replantation is a priority. The use of substances that inhibit root resorption may be an alternative for the control of root resorption, especially in cases of delayed replantation. Sodium Alendronato is a unhibitor of bone resorption and it is used as dressing the intracanal in form of paste. This substance increased success rates in case of tooth replantation. So the objective of this study was to evaluated the effect of an experimental paste with alendronate basis used as intracanal dressing in late reimplanted rat teeth. There were used 24 right rats incisors. The teeth were avulsed and kept dry for 30 minutes, after which root surfaces were treated with sodium hypochlorite 1% and sodium fluoride 2%. The roots canal were instrumented and filled with Aledronate sodium paste (Grou I) and calcium hydroxide paste (Group II). In group II, we used the calcium hydroxide paste. Teeth were replanted in their respective sockets. After 15 and 60 days after tooth replantation, the animals were killed and the specimens were processed for morphometric and microscopic analysis The results showed that in group I there were less ankylosis, inflammatory reporotion and replacement comparing to group II. The connective tissue formed in the periodontal ligament space was found to be inflamed by the presence of plaque and periodontal pocket formations. The connective tissue arranged in parallel to the root surface was constant in group I. However this tissue in group II had a significant increase over time. The cement was absent in small proportions and similarly in all experimental groups. The number of gaps of inflammatory resorption was low in both groups. The same happened with the shortcomings of replacement resorption Thus, these findings contraindicate the use of this folder of alendronate for the treatment of intracanal late reimplanted teeth