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Politics, Journalism and Web 2.0 in the 2008 U.S. Presidential ElectionsGarcia, Wayne Scott 25 March 2009 (has links)
The explosion of new political speech in digital formats in the 2008 elections, especially those involving social networking, offered new opportunities and challenges for political journalists, campaign participants and voters alike. This review of new political media in 2008 examines how these new methods of political organizing and communications work and provides insights to further understand how media can best cover and participate in them. The thesis details how 2008 was the first fully Web 2.0 election, exhibiting its characteristics of interactivity, use of databases and the "long tail" of microniche Internet websites. Three new media uses - online, database-driven political speech fact checking as exemplified by PolitiFact; the social networking site Facebook; and interactive, no-cost video streaming on YouTube - illustrate where the changes from traditional political communications to new media are most dramatic. A heightened awareness of emerging political communications forms and a new model for political journalists' interaction with news consumers and vastly different skills sets for reporters will be needed for news media to cover and participate in the new digital electorate.
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媒介議題設定的第二面向:候選人形象設定效果研究 / Second dimension of agenda-setting study: candidate image-setting in Taiwan.李郁青, Yu-Ching Li Unknown Date (has links)
繼「議題設定理論」於1972年問世之後,McCombs整理20年來媒介議題設定
效果的研究結果,提出了議題設定的第二面向:議題屬性的設定。主要論點
認為:每一議題本身都具有某些特定的屬性,而媒介對這些屬性的報導方式
與結論,往往也會模塑了閱聽人對此一議題的認知,使得人們看見這個議題
時,便會想到這些特定的屬性,因而對議題形成一種形象。本研究即以此論
點為理論基礎,意圖了解媒介形象設定理論在台灣選舉中的應用性。研究
結果發現:在「實質面向」(substantive dimension) ,也就是候選人形象
類目的比較中,媒介議題與選民議題間的確存在顯著的相關,也就是說 :「
刺激決定論」(stimulus determined thesis)在此具極大的解釋力;但在
「情感面向」(affective dimension)上 ,也就是對候選人形象評價的比
較中,「感知者決定論」(perceiver determined thesis)便成一項重要的
關鍵指標。故證實了諸多文獻的論點:對候選人形象而言,究竟「刺激決定
」與「感知者決定」何者力量較大,應視情況而定。本研究尚發現:「教育
程度低的選民,較教育程度高之選民更重視候選人的個人形象」、 「女性
選民與男性選民在認知候選人形象時,並無明顯差異存在」、 「當選民愈
支持某一黨派,則對該黨派候選人的整體形象評價便愈高」、 「政治涉入
程度愈高者,愈容易受報紙形象設定效果的影響」、「年輕人較容易受媒
介形象設定效果之影響」等。最後在研究建議方面,本研究建議日後的同
類研究,應採用小樣本連續訪問法 (panel study) 進行研究,以便獲得時
間架構因素的因果關係。此外, 日後研究的問卷設計中,可考慮加入人際
傳播因素的中介,以便實際了解候選人形象設定的來源, 究竟是人際傳播
的影響、或是媒介、政黨的影響較大。
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