No description available.

Upper Triassic metavolcanic and metasedimentary strata in the study area are intruded by the Hurricane Divide and Craig Mountain Plutons of the Late Jurassic-Cretaceous Wallowa Batholith. The Clover Creek Greenstone is overlain by the Martin Bridge Limestone, which is in tum overlain by the Hurwal Argillite; although the sequence is in normal stratigraphic order, contacts are generally tectonic. Concurrent with Early-Middle Jurassic regional deformation, during intermediate to mafic dikes, emplacement of the plutons of the Wallowa Batholith began. The plutons intruded vertically through the greenstone and limestone and then horizontally above the greenstone. This resulted in intense penetrative plastic deformation particularly of the Martin Bridge Limestone. Emplacement of the Hurricane Divide Pluton followed a northeast axis, and resulted in isoclinal folding and the formation of northerly trending synformal anticlines in the Martin Bridge atop a zone of uncoupling between the plastic limestone and the more rigid underlying Clover Creek metavolcanic basement. Subsequent final emplacement of the Craig Mountain Pluton caused cross folding of these anticlinal structures. Granitic plutonism was followed by regional uplift with associated faulting and erosion. Miocene Columbia River Basalt flood lavas were injected along many of the more northerly trending of these faults. This magmatism was concurrent with or followed by block uplift on the order of 1800 m of the Wallowa Mountains along the Wallowa Fault.

Several connection details have been developed for the connection of precast cap beams to precast columns in Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) applications. Currently, the suggested details involve some form of either reinforcement or portion of the precast column to penetrate inside the cap beam. Such details present many challenges in the field, such as necessitating bundling of reinforcement in the cap beam or creating a congested reinforcement arrangement. Furthermore, closer inspection of some of the test data indicates that for currently used details, cap beams could sustain some damages during major seismic events, whereas they are designed to be capacity protected. Additionally, construction of such details demands precision. To overcome these challenges, two new connection details are envisioned. Both details completely eliminate penetrating of column into the cap beam. In the first detail, the rebar of the cap beam and the column are spliced in the column and joined with a layer of Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC). The use of UHPC in the splice region allows the tension development of reinforcing bars over a short length. High workability of UHPC and large tolerances inherent with the suggested details can facilitate and accelerate the on-site construction. In the second detail, to confine the plastic hinge with a limited length in the column, two layers of UHPC were employed. Confining the plastic hinge is achieved by sandwiching a desired length of the column, using normal strength concrete (plastic hinge region) in between two layers of UHPC. The most interesting aspect of this detail is the exact location and length of the plastic hinge. The primary goal of this research is to provide a description of the newly developed details, verifying their structural performance and recommendation of a design guide. These goals are achieved through a diverse experimental and numerical program focused on the proposed connections. Results show that both details are equally applicable to seismic applications and able to achieve adequate levels of ductility. Lack of failure in splice region indicated that UHPC can provide a good confinement and shear capacity even when confining transverse reinforcement was not used.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第17951号 / 医博第3835号 / 新制||医||1000(附属図書館) / 30781 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 河本 宏, 教授 生田 宏一, 教授 斎藤 通紀 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Fastighetsbranschen har under 2010-talet befunnit sig i en nästintill perfekt ekonomisk miljö med högkonjunktur och låga finansieringskostnader. I skrivande stund, våren 2023, är situationen en helt annan. Med en skenande inflation och en höjning av styrräntan med 350 punkter på drygt ett år är den ekonomiska miljön allt annat än perfekt. Denna nya ekonomiska miljön frambringade ett intresse över hur direktavkastningskravet påverkas av hög inflation, vilket också är syftet med vår uppsats. Uppsatsen baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer med erfarna personer aktiva i fastighetsbranschen.  Undersökningen visar att inflationens påverkan på direktavkastningskravet är indirekt och att den främsta orsaken till ett ökat direktavkastningskrav går att härleda till en ökad styrränta. Detta är i sin tur en effekt av att försöka dämpa inflationen. Inflationen medför även en stor osäkerhet i branschen, vilket gör att aktörer blir avvaktande och transaktionsvolymen minskar. Vidare observeras ett flockbeteende på marknaden där många aktörer inte vågar investera i rädsla för att genomföra transaktioner till nivåer som är alldeles för låga eller när det inte finns tillräckligt med genomförda transaktioner att jämföra med. Denna osäkerhet avspeglas i en ökad riskpremie, en riskpremie som utgör en komponent av direktavkastningskravet, vilket leder till att direktavkastningskravet stiger.  Olika segment har och spås få olika konsekvenser av inflationen. Den del av handelssegmentet som utgörs av sällanköpshandel kommer att få det svårare. Hyresgäster som bedriver verksamhet inom sällanköpshandeln drabbas i dubbel bemärkelse genom att konsumenternas köpkraft minskas till följd av inflationen samtidigt som deras hyror indexeras upp. Hyresgäster som bedriver verksamhet inom dagligvaruhandeln och lågprissegmenten drabbas inte lika hårt. / The Real Estate sector has been operating in a practically perfect economic environment during the 2010s, characterized by a strong economy and low financing costs. However, as of June 2023, the situation has changed entirely. With soaring inflation and a 350 basis point increase in the policy interest rate over the course of just over a year, the economic environment is far from perfect. This new economic landscape has generated interest in understanding how capitalization rates are affected by high inflation, which is the purpose of our essay. The essay will be based on semi-structured interviews with experienced individuals active in the real estate industry.  Our study revealed that the impact of inflation on capitalization rates is indirect, and the primary relationship between an increase in capitalization rates can be attributed to a higher policy interest rate, which is a measure taken to curb inflation. Inflation also introduces significant uncertainty in the industry, causing market participants to become hesitant, resulting in a decrease in transaction volume. Furthermore, a herding behavior is observed in the market, where many investors are reluctant to invest for fear of conducting transactions at excessively low levels or when there are not enough completed transactions for comparison. This uncertainty is reflected in an increased risk premium, which is a component of the capitalization rate, causing it to rise. Different segments are expected to have different consequences from inflation. The part of the retail segment consisting of non-essential products will face more difficulties. These tenants are affected in a double sense as consumer purchasing power decreases due to inflation as well as their rents being indexed upwards. Tenants operating in the grocery sector and low-price segment are not affected as much.

No description available.

Pile caps are used in foundation design to aid multiple single piles to act as a pile group to resist lateral forces that may cause overturning moments. The pile cap and pile group resist these forces by pile-soil-pile interaction, base and side friction along the pile cap-backfill interface, and passive earth resistance. Passive earth resistance has been neglected in design due to a limited amount of full-scale testing. This research presents the results of a combination of hydraulic actuator and eccentric-mass shaker full-scale testing of a pile cap with loose silty sand backfill to quantify the contribution of the passive earth resistance to the lateral force resistance. The test cap is 1.12 m tall and 5.18 x 3.05 m in plan view, connecting 12 steel pipe piles (324mm O.D) placed in a 4 x 3 pattern with center-to-center spacing of 4.4 and 3.3 pile-diameters in the long and short dimensions, respectively. The hydraulic actuator applied a static load to the system (backfill + pile group) while the eccentric-mass shaker introduced cyclic and dynamic loading to the system. The passive earth resistance accounted for approximately 22% of the total system resistance, with piles contributing approximately 78%. Furthermore, the results produce general correlations between cyclic and dynamic effects on degradation of the backfill provided by the testing and soil characteristics obtained, including target (static) displacement, dynamic displacement amplitude, stiffness, and damping. The dynamic displacement amplitudes during the eccentric mass shaker tests typically ranged between .4 and 2 mm for frequencies between 5 and 9.5 Hz representing behavior under reloading conditions rather than virgin loading conditions. Generally, the presence of the loose silty sand backfill nearly doubled the dynamic stiffness of the pile cap. The stiffness of the backfill and pile cap combined was typically between 100 and 200 kN/mm for frequencies between 4 and 8 Hz, while the stiffness for the backfill alone was typically a decreasing trend between 100 and 40 kN/mm for the same frequency range. The overall isolated loose silty sand damping ratio shows a general increasing trend with values from 32% to 55% for frequencies 3 and 8 Hz.

As previous researchers have discussed the paradigm of risk and return, this study also suggests illiquidity as a good proxy for risk. An illiquid asset, thus higher risk, should generate high return. As Amihud (2002) originally applies an illiquidity measure from daily return and turnover, this thesis elaborates on his average market illiquidity measure AILLIQ on assets of Nasdaq First North Growth Market. Over a five-year period returns are estimated using the CAPM together with the illiquidity proxy on Swedish growth assets. Results are in line with intuitive thoughts of a positive relationship between risk and return. The hypothesis of zero impact is rejected and concludes that illiquidity can have an impact on expected return.

"L'étude a porté sur le marais intertidal de la Réserve nationale de faune de Cap-Tourmente, Québec. La végétation a d'abord été étudiée selon la méthode de Braun-Blanquet (1932) afin d'établir un plan d’échantillonnage pour l'étude de la phytomasse du scirpe américain (Scirpus americanus Pers.) La submersion par l'eau, la sédimentation, la topographie, le drainage et l'exposition aux courants et aux vagues semblent être les facteurs déterminants pour la production de cette dernière. Pour la portion médiane du marais, il existe au seuil une relation linéaire entre la phytomasse aérienne et souterraine du scirpe. Le taux d'utilisation du scirpe par la grande oie blanche (Anser caerulescens atlanticus) pour l'ensemble du marais à l'automne 1977 était de 50,5%, alors qu'au niveau des zones d'utilisation il variait de 30 à 70%.À court terme, 1'utilisation du marais de Cap-Tourmente n'est pas menacée si l'on améliore la dispersion des oies durant leur séjour dans le marais. À long terme, c'est 1'aménagement des différents marais à scirpe de 1'estuaire du Saint-Laurent qui est à planifier."

Tidigare har det varit frivilligt för företag att ge ut en hållbarhetsrapport, men från och med 2017 infördes ett lagkrav där hållbarhetsrapportering blev obligatorisk för företag som uppfyller storlekskriterier som berör antal anställda, nettoomsättning och balansomslutning. Tidigare forskning har etablerat ett samband mellan kvalitet på hållbarhetsredovisning och förväntad avkastning. Det som motiverat utförandet av denna studie är att undersöka om liknande samband finns på den svenska marknaden. Syftet med denna studien är att genom en kvantitativ metod undersöka bolag som är noterade på Nasdaq Stockholm Large Cap och studera om det finns ett negativt samband mellan kvalitet på hållbarhetsredovisning och den underliggande tillgångens förväntade avkastning. Studien definierar kvalitet genom att summera befintliga mått (ESG Reporting Scope & GRI) och förväntad avkastning har estimerats genom CAPM. Studien finner inget statistiskt signifikant samband mellan kvalitet på hållbarhetsredovisning och förväntad avkastning, vilket går emot studiens hypotes och tidigare forskning.