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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Evaluation of the Genetic Management of the Endangered Mississippi Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis pulla)

Henkel, Jessica Renee 20 December 2009 (has links)
The genetic status of the critically endangered Mississippi sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pulla) was analyzed using 2009 studbook data from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service managed captive breeding and release program. Microsatellite DNA data provided information on shared founder genotypes, allowing for refined analysis of genetic variation in the population, and informed breeding recommendations. The genetic variation observed in the Mississippi sandhill crane was contrasted with variation observed in the Florida sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pratensis). Results show far less variation in the Mississippi population. Results also suggest that while gene flow no longer occurs between the two populations, the introduction of cranes from the Florida population would help to increase the observed genetic diversity of the Mississippi sandhill crane population.
62

Dosagem dos níveis de anti-oxidantes enzimáticos e resistência celular ao estresse oxidativo, do sêmen de perdizes (Rhynchotus rufescens) criadas em cativeiro e suplementadas com selênio / Enzymatic antioxidant activity and resistance against the oxidative stress in semen of captive partridges (Rhynchotus rufescens) supplemented with selenium

Góes, Paola Almeida de Araújo 28 April 2008 (has links)
Considerando a importância comercial da perdiz (Rhynchotus rufescens), implantou-se algumas biotecnologias reprodutivas. Trinta animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: controle (sem selênio orgânico) e tratamento (com 0,2 a 0,8mg de selênio em 1000kgs de ração ), provenientes da FCAV-UNESP/Jaboticabal (2007-2008). Coletou-se semên por excitação manual que foram aliquotados em pools com 150&micro;L. Após a avaliação do volume, motilidade, vigor, números de espermatozóides, concentração e morfologia espermática, diluiu-se 20&micro;l de sêmen em 300&micro;l de solução fisiológica para testar a Integridade das membranas acrossomal e plasmática e avaliação da atividade mitocondrial. Uma outra alíquota de 20&micro;l foi utilizada para testar a resistência dos espermatozóides ao estresse oxidativo, induzido (vitamina C + sulfato ferroso), por meio da dosagem de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). A amostra restante foi congelada diretamente em nitrogênio líquido para a realização do teste da integridade do DNA espermático e para medir a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes Catalase e Glutationa Peroxidase. Contou-se 200 células, para avaliação da integridade acrossomal e de membrana, atividade mitocondrial e ensaio cometa e classificou-as: 1) Acrossomo Íntegro: cor lilás e Não-Íntegro: róseo; 2)Células Vivas (não coradas) e Mortas (coradas), 3) Classes de I a IV, sendo Classe I (todas as mitocôndrias íntegras) com a peça intermediária totalmente corada e Classe IV (todas as mitocôndrias comprometidas) com a peça intermediária totalmente descorada e 4) Cometa I a IV, sendo Cometa I (DNA íntegro): células com halo ao seu redor e núcleo corado, porém sem cauda de cometa evidente e Cometa IV (DNA altamente fragmentado): célula com núcleo completamente descorado e apenas a cauda do cometa, respevtivamente. Os dados foram analisados pelo SAS, System for Windows. Nenhuma diferença foi encontrada para volume, motilidade, vigor, número de espermatozóides, concentração, integridade acrossomal, integridade da membrana plasmática, Classes I e III da atividade mitocondrial, Cometa I,II e IV, TBARS e atividade da Glutationa. Foram encontradas diferenças nas Classes II (Se=33,39±2,93 e Controle=44,39±2,59, p=0.0125 e IV (Se=3,44±0,09 e Controle=1,50±0,38, p=0.0401) e Cometa III (Se=16,00 ± 0,82 e Controle=34,75 ± 1,44, p=<.0001), respectivamente. A diferença encontrada no DAB II pode ser devido aos danos causados na arquitetura da peça intermediária pela deficiência de selênio, o que compromete a mobilidade e a capacidade de fecundação do espermatozóide. Para o DAB IV, não era esperado esse resultado, que pode ser devido aos pequenos valores encontrados para essa variável (Se=3,44% e Controle=1,50%) em relação ao total das classes e que poderia não ser significante se levássemos em consideração as classes juntas. Em relação a porcentagem mais baixa de espermatozóides do grupo suplementado com selênio para a classe III do Ensaio Cometa, pode sugerir um efeito de proteção desta substância, possivelmente devido a um índice mais elevado da Glutationa Peroxidase. / Considering the commercial value of the partridges (Rhynchotus rufescens), the employment of reproductive biotechnologies has been attempted. Thirty animals were randomly assigned into two groups: control group (no selenium) and treatment group (supplemented with 0,2 a 0,8mg selenium/ 1000kgs ration). Animals were allocated at the FCAV - UNESP/Jaboticabal (2007-2008). Semen collections were performed by digital manipulation and divided in pools of at least 150&micro;L. After the immediate evaluation of volume, motility, vigour, concentration and morphology, an aliquot of 20&micro;L was diluted in 300&micro;L of physiologic solution in order to test acrosome and membrane integrities and mitochondrial activity. Another aliquot of 20 &micro;L was used to test the resistance of sperm against the induced oxidative stress (Vitamin C + ferrous sulphate), followed by the measurement of TBARS. The remaining semen sample was frozen directly in liquid nitrogen in orther to perform the comet assay and to measure the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Cells were evaluated respectively for acrosome and membrane integrities, mitochondrial activity and comet assay as follows: 1) Intact acrosome: lilac acrosome; Non-intact acrosome: pink acrosome; 2) Live cells: non stained; Dead: stained; 3) Classes I to IV, being Class I (full mitochondrial potential): midpiece totally stained and class IV (no mitochondrial potential): midpiece not stained; 4) Classes I to IV, being Class I (intact DNA): nucleus with intense fluorescence with no comet tail; Class IV (highly fragmented DNA): no nucleus, only a comet tail. Data was statistically anlysed using the SAS System for Windows. No differences were found on volume, motility, vigour, number of spermatozoa, concentration, acrosomal and membrane integrity, Classes I and III of mitochondrial activity, Comets I, II and IV, TBARS and Glutathione activity. Differences were found on as DAB Classes II (Se=33.39±2.93 and control=44.39±2.59, p=0.0125) and IV (Se=3.44±0.09 and control=1.50±0.38, p=0.0401) and comet class III (Se=16.00 ± 0.82 and control=34.75 ± 1.44, p=<.0001), respectively. The difference found on DAB II may be due to the damages caused by the selenium deficiency to the architecture of the midpiece, which compromises sperm mobility and fertilization capacity. On the other hand, the unexpected difference found on DAB IV may be due to the small values found for this variable in all animals (Se=3.44% and control=1.50%), which would be not significant taking into account all classes. The decreased percentage of sperm showing DNA fragmentation Class II found on the selenium supplemented group may suggest a protective effect of this substance on sperm DNA, possibly due to a higher GPx content.
63

Características reprodutivas de emas (Rhea americana) criadas em cativeiro no Estado de São Paulo / Reproductive characteristics in captive rhea (Rhea americana) raised in São Paulo State

Góes, Paola Almeida de Araújo 14 January 2004 (has links)
A ema (Rhea americana), é uma ave nativa da América do Sul, e pertence ao grupo das Ratitas. Considerando a importância comercial desse animal foram implantadas algumas biotecnologias reprodutivas, como coleta e avaliação de sêmen que ajudariam na preservação da espécie, assim como na disseminação de material genético. Nesse estudo utilizou-se 107 animais, dentro e fora da estação reprodutiva, com idade entre 3 e 4 anos, que encontravam-se no Estado de São Paulo, durante os anos de 2001, 2002 e 2003. Observou-se os animais para identificação de dominância. Os machos foram contidos em caixa de madeira adaptada e capuz preto. Após a contenção realizou-se a coleta de sêmen através de massagem digital. Os falos foram analisados quanto ao tamanho e formação de espiral. Alguns parâmetros seminais foram avaliados: volume, motilidade, concentração e número de espermatozóides por ejaculado. Foi coletado sangue da veia metatarsal, de animais dentro e fora da estação reprodutiva para dosagem de nível plasmático de testosterona. Dos 69 animais em estação reprodutiva, 44 apresentaram falos grandes e desses, 26 formaram espiral. A coleta de sêmen através de massagem digital mostrou-se eficiente para esses animais. O sêmen foi analisado quanto ao volume (0,68±0,14), motilidade (61,11±11,54%), concentração (3,29±1,33x109sptz/ml) e número por ejaculado (2,40±1,38x109sptz/ml) e foram descritas algumas patologias espermáticas. Encontrou-se diferença estatística significante (p=0,0161) de níveis plasmáticos de testosterona em animais dentro e fora da estação reprodutiva (53,28±18,41ng/ml e 5,57±3,81ng/ml, respectivamente). Foram relatadas variações de tamanho de falos em animais dentro e fora da estação e animais em estação reprodutiva. Observou-se que animais que apresentavam falos maiores e níveis plasmáticos de testosterona foram os considerados dominantes através de observações comportamentais. Os resultados do presente experimento confirmam a possibilidade de coleta de sêmen de emas e o seu uso em futuras biotecnologias como a inseminação artificial. / The rhea (Rhea americana), a native bird from South America, belongs to the Ratite group. Considering the commercial significance of this animal were standardize some techniques such as semen collection. These techniques aim to optimize the reproductive traits of this animal and to allow the dissemination and preservation of the genetic material of this endangered specie. In this study, 107 male rheas were used. The animals were around 3 and 4 years old and were raised in São Paulo’s State commercial breeding. Semen collections were performed during breeding and non breeding seasons of 2001, 2002 and 2003. Animals were observed in order to detect hierarchic behavior. Contention was performed using a box and a black hood. Semen collection was performed through a digital pressure in the base of the phallus, which were observed in order to detect size and spiral shape. Immediately after collection semen samples were evaluated for volume, motility, sperm concentration and morphology. In a limited number of animals, blood samples were collected by the metatarsal vein in order to measure testosterone levels. Among 69 animals in breeding season, 44 showed larger phallus and among those, 26 showed spiral shape. The method of semen collection showed good results. Semen was then evaluated for volume (0.68±0.14 ml), motility ( 61.11±11.54%), sperm concentration (3,29±1,33x109sptz/ml) and number of spermatozoa per ejaculate (2.40±1.38x109sptz/ml). Morphological abnormalities were analyzed and accounted. Statistical differences (p=0.0161) were found for testosterone levels between animals during breeding and non-breeding season (53.28±18.41ng/ml e 5.57±3.81ng/ml, respectively). It was observed that animals showed variations in phallus size during breeding and non-breeding seasons. A relationship was found between animals with larger phallus and higher testosterone levels and dominant behavior. Results of the present experiment confirmed the possibility of collecting semen from rheas in order to use it in future biotechnologies such as artificial insemination.
64

Características reprodutivas de emas (Rhea americana) criadas em cativeiro no Estado de São Paulo / Reproductive characteristics in captive rhea (Rhea americana) raised in São Paulo State

Paola Almeida de Araújo Góes 14 January 2004 (has links)
A ema (Rhea americana), é uma ave nativa da América do Sul, e pertence ao grupo das Ratitas. Considerando a importância comercial desse animal foram implantadas algumas biotecnologias reprodutivas, como coleta e avaliação de sêmen que ajudariam na preservação da espécie, assim como na disseminação de material genético. Nesse estudo utilizou-se 107 animais, dentro e fora da estação reprodutiva, com idade entre 3 e 4 anos, que encontravam-se no Estado de São Paulo, durante os anos de 2001, 2002 e 2003. Observou-se os animais para identificação de dominância. Os machos foram contidos em caixa de madeira adaptada e capuz preto. Após a contenção realizou-se a coleta de sêmen através de massagem digital. Os falos foram analisados quanto ao tamanho e formação de espiral. Alguns parâmetros seminais foram avaliados: volume, motilidade, concentração e número de espermatozóides por ejaculado. Foi coletado sangue da veia metatarsal, de animais dentro e fora da estação reprodutiva para dosagem de nível plasmático de testosterona. Dos 69 animais em estação reprodutiva, 44 apresentaram falos grandes e desses, 26 formaram espiral. A coleta de sêmen através de massagem digital mostrou-se eficiente para esses animais. O sêmen foi analisado quanto ao volume (0,68±0,14), motilidade (61,11±11,54%), concentração (3,29±1,33x109sptz/ml) e número por ejaculado (2,40±1,38x109sptz/ml) e foram descritas algumas patologias espermáticas. Encontrou-se diferença estatística significante (p=0,0161) de níveis plasmáticos de testosterona em animais dentro e fora da estação reprodutiva (53,28±18,41ng/ml e 5,57±3,81ng/ml, respectivamente). Foram relatadas variações de tamanho de falos em animais dentro e fora da estação e animais em estação reprodutiva. Observou-se que animais que apresentavam falos maiores e níveis plasmáticos de testosterona foram os considerados dominantes através de observações comportamentais. Os resultados do presente experimento confirmam a possibilidade de coleta de sêmen de emas e o seu uso em futuras biotecnologias como a inseminação artificial. / The rhea (Rhea americana), a native bird from South America, belongs to the Ratite group. Considering the commercial significance of this animal were standardize some techniques such as semen collection. These techniques aim to optimize the reproductive traits of this animal and to allow the dissemination and preservation of the genetic material of this endangered specie. In this study, 107 male rheas were used. The animals were around 3 and 4 years old and were raised in São Paulo’s State commercial breeding. Semen collections were performed during breeding and non breeding seasons of 2001, 2002 and 2003. Animals were observed in order to detect hierarchic behavior. Contention was performed using a box and a black hood. Semen collection was performed through a digital pressure in the base of the phallus, which were observed in order to detect size and spiral shape. Immediately after collection semen samples were evaluated for volume, motility, sperm concentration and morphology. In a limited number of animals, blood samples were collected by the metatarsal vein in order to measure testosterone levels. Among 69 animals in breeding season, 44 showed larger phallus and among those, 26 showed spiral shape. The method of semen collection showed good results. Semen was then evaluated for volume (0.68±0.14 ml), motility ( 61.11±11.54%), sperm concentration (3,29±1,33x109sptz/ml) and number of spermatozoa per ejaculate (2.40±1.38x109sptz/ml). Morphological abnormalities were analyzed and accounted. Statistical differences (p=0.0161) were found for testosterone levels between animals during breeding and non-breeding season (53.28±18.41ng/ml e 5.57±3.81ng/ml, respectively). It was observed that animals showed variations in phallus size during breeding and non-breeding seasons. A relationship was found between animals with larger phallus and higher testosterone levels and dominant behavior. Results of the present experiment confirmed the possibility of collecting semen from rheas in order to use it in future biotechnologies such as artificial insemination.
65

Dosagem dos níveis de anti-oxidantes enzimáticos e resistência celular ao estresse oxidativo, do sêmen de perdizes (Rhynchotus rufescens) criadas em cativeiro e suplementadas com selênio / Enzymatic antioxidant activity and resistance against the oxidative stress in semen of captive partridges (Rhynchotus rufescens) supplemented with selenium

Paola Almeida de Araújo Góes 28 April 2008 (has links)
Considerando a importância comercial da perdiz (Rhynchotus rufescens), implantou-se algumas biotecnologias reprodutivas. Trinta animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: controle (sem selênio orgânico) e tratamento (com 0,2 a 0,8mg de selênio em 1000kgs de ração ), provenientes da FCAV-UNESP/Jaboticabal (2007-2008). Coletou-se semên por excitação manual que foram aliquotados em pools com 150&micro;L. Após a avaliação do volume, motilidade, vigor, números de espermatozóides, concentração e morfologia espermática, diluiu-se 20&micro;l de sêmen em 300&micro;l de solução fisiológica para testar a Integridade das membranas acrossomal e plasmática e avaliação da atividade mitocondrial. Uma outra alíquota de 20&micro;l foi utilizada para testar a resistência dos espermatozóides ao estresse oxidativo, induzido (vitamina C + sulfato ferroso), por meio da dosagem de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). A amostra restante foi congelada diretamente em nitrogênio líquido para a realização do teste da integridade do DNA espermático e para medir a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes Catalase e Glutationa Peroxidase. Contou-se 200 células, para avaliação da integridade acrossomal e de membrana, atividade mitocondrial e ensaio cometa e classificou-as: 1) Acrossomo Íntegro: cor lilás e Não-Íntegro: róseo; 2)Células Vivas (não coradas) e Mortas (coradas), 3) Classes de I a IV, sendo Classe I (todas as mitocôndrias íntegras) com a peça intermediária totalmente corada e Classe IV (todas as mitocôndrias comprometidas) com a peça intermediária totalmente descorada e 4) Cometa I a IV, sendo Cometa I (DNA íntegro): células com halo ao seu redor e núcleo corado, porém sem cauda de cometa evidente e Cometa IV (DNA altamente fragmentado): célula com núcleo completamente descorado e apenas a cauda do cometa, respevtivamente. Os dados foram analisados pelo SAS, System for Windows. Nenhuma diferença foi encontrada para volume, motilidade, vigor, número de espermatozóides, concentração, integridade acrossomal, integridade da membrana plasmática, Classes I e III da atividade mitocondrial, Cometa I,II e IV, TBARS e atividade da Glutationa. Foram encontradas diferenças nas Classes II (Se=33,39±2,93 e Controle=44,39±2,59, p=0.0125 e IV (Se=3,44±0,09 e Controle=1,50±0,38, p=0.0401) e Cometa III (Se=16,00 ± 0,82 e Controle=34,75 ± 1,44, p=<.0001), respectivamente. A diferença encontrada no DAB II pode ser devido aos danos causados na arquitetura da peça intermediária pela deficiência de selênio, o que compromete a mobilidade e a capacidade de fecundação do espermatozóide. Para o DAB IV, não era esperado esse resultado, que pode ser devido aos pequenos valores encontrados para essa variável (Se=3,44% e Controle=1,50%) em relação ao total das classes e que poderia não ser significante se levássemos em consideração as classes juntas. Em relação a porcentagem mais baixa de espermatozóides do grupo suplementado com selênio para a classe III do Ensaio Cometa, pode sugerir um efeito de proteção desta substância, possivelmente devido a um índice mais elevado da Glutationa Peroxidase. / Considering the commercial value of the partridges (Rhynchotus rufescens), the employment of reproductive biotechnologies has been attempted. Thirty animals were randomly assigned into two groups: control group (no selenium) and treatment group (supplemented with 0,2 a 0,8mg selenium/ 1000kgs ration). Animals were allocated at the FCAV - UNESP/Jaboticabal (2007-2008). Semen collections were performed by digital manipulation and divided in pools of at least 150&micro;L. After the immediate evaluation of volume, motility, vigour, concentration and morphology, an aliquot of 20&micro;L was diluted in 300&micro;L of physiologic solution in order to test acrosome and membrane integrities and mitochondrial activity. Another aliquot of 20 &micro;L was used to test the resistance of sperm against the induced oxidative stress (Vitamin C + ferrous sulphate), followed by the measurement of TBARS. The remaining semen sample was frozen directly in liquid nitrogen in orther to perform the comet assay and to measure the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Cells were evaluated respectively for acrosome and membrane integrities, mitochondrial activity and comet assay as follows: 1) Intact acrosome: lilac acrosome; Non-intact acrosome: pink acrosome; 2) Live cells: non stained; Dead: stained; 3) Classes I to IV, being Class I (full mitochondrial potential): midpiece totally stained and class IV (no mitochondrial potential): midpiece not stained; 4) Classes I to IV, being Class I (intact DNA): nucleus with intense fluorescence with no comet tail; Class IV (highly fragmented DNA): no nucleus, only a comet tail. Data was statistically anlysed using the SAS System for Windows. No differences were found on volume, motility, vigour, number of spermatozoa, concentration, acrosomal and membrane integrity, Classes I and III of mitochondrial activity, Comets I, II and IV, TBARS and Glutathione activity. Differences were found on as DAB Classes II (Se=33.39±2.93 and control=44.39±2.59, p=0.0125) and IV (Se=3.44±0.09 and control=1.50±0.38, p=0.0401) and comet class III (Se=16.00 ± 0.82 and control=34.75 ± 1.44, p=<.0001), respectively. The difference found on DAB II may be due to the damages caused by the selenium deficiency to the architecture of the midpiece, which compromises sperm mobility and fertilization capacity. On the other hand, the unexpected difference found on DAB IV may be due to the small values found for this variable in all animals (Se=3.44% and control=1.50%), which would be not significant taking into account all classes. The decreased percentage of sperm showing DNA fragmentation Class II found on the selenium supplemented group may suggest a protective effect of this substance on sperm DNA, possibly due to a higher GPx content.
66

Diagnóstico de doenças em aves silvestres e ornamentais

Oliveira, Luiz Gustavo Schneider January 2017 (has links)
Doenças relacionadas ao manejo estão entre as principais causas de perdas na criação de aves silvestres ou ornamentais em cativeiro. Apesar da urgência em dominar a conservação de espécies em cativeiro, pouco se sabe sobre os fatores limitantes a esses projetos. O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever a ocorrência de enfermidades em aves silvestres em cativeiro, por meio da análise anatomopatológica, microbiológica, molecular, imuno-histoquímica, apresentando os fatores predisponentes observados. Os três artigos apresentados nesse trabalho abordam as causas de perdas em criatórios ou em iniciativas independentes de reabilitação de aves silvestres. O primeiro trabalho discute a casuística de perdas em um plantel de uma diversidade de aves silvestres, incluindo passeriformes, galiformes e musofagiformes. Foram registradas 28 mortes em cinco anos de estudo, em que se constatou que as categorias de maior risco foram as aves jovens e as recém introduzidas, com 40% e 28% das mortes, respectivamente. Além disso, se observou que, quanto à causa, 21% das mortes foram secundárias a infestações parasitárias, e que, excetuando-se três casos de mortes decorrentes de doenças da senescência, todas as demais puderam ser atribuídas a inadequações do manejo. O segundo trabalho relata a ocorrência de um surto de micoplasmose por Mycoplasma gallisepticum afetando 12 perdizes chukar, 12 pavões, 19 galinhas ornamentais e 46 exemplares de quarto espécies de faisões, dentre as quais, 36 aves morreram, em um grande aviário comercial. Em um outro evento no mesmo plantel, foi diagnosticada motalidade de 19 perdizes chukar em um grupo de 27, decorrente de histomoníase. Identificaram-se, em ambos os surtos, falhas na realização de quarentena, administração de anti-helmínticos, vacinação, assim como superlotação e higiene inadequada dos recintos. No último trabalho são apresentados casos de osteodistrofia de origem nutricional em cinco aves de rapina jovens, sendo um urubude- cabeça-preta, um carcará e três suindaras. Todas as aves foram abondonadas pelos pais e mantidas em cativeiro por criadores leigos, que lhes ofertaram exclusivamente carne desossada ou comida caseira. O diagnóstico dos casos apresentados foi baseado no histórico clínico, nos achados de necropsia e histopatologia, aliado a técnicas complementares. Tendo em vista os resultados obtidos, é possível concluir que o diagnóstico de doenças em aves silvestres em cativeiro e a manutenção de registros sanitários dos planteis pode auxiliar na implementação de programas de conservação de aves silvestres bem estruturados e com grandes chances de sucesso. / Management-related diseases are among the main causes of losses in wild or ornamental bird propagatig projects. Despite the urgency in dominate the conservation of species in captivity, still little is known about the limiting factors to these initiatives. The aim of this study is to describe the occurrence of diseases in wild birds in captivity through the anatomopathological, microbiological, molecular and immunohistochemical analysis, relating them to the predisposing factors. The three papers presented in this study address the causes of losses in aviaries or independent wild bird rehabilitation initiatives. The first study discusses the bird losses in a varied flock of wild birds, including passerines, galliformes and musofagiformes. Twentyeight deaths were recorded in five years of study, where the highest risk categories were young and newly introduced birds, with 40% and 28% of deaths, respectively. In addition, it was observed that 21% of the deaths were secondary to parasitic infestations, and that, except for three cases of deaths due to senescence diseases, all the others were attributed to management inadequacies. The second study reports the occurrence of an outbreak of mycoplasmosis by Mycoplasma gallisepticum affecting 12 chukar partridges, 12 peacocks, 19 ornamental chickens and 46 specimens of four species of pheasants, of which 36 birds died in a large commercial aviary. In another event in the same establishment, the morality of 19 chukar partridges was diagnosed in a group of 27, due to histomoniasis. Failure to perform quarantine, administration of anthelmintics, vaccination, as well as overcrowding and inadequate hygiene of the enclosures were identified in both outbreaks. In the last study, five cases of nutritional osteodystrophy in birds of prey are reported in chicks of a black-headed vulture, a caracara and three barn owls. All the birds were abandoned by the parents and kept in captivity by lay creators, who fed them an all-meat diet or homemade food. The diagnosis of all cases presented in this study was based on the clinical history, on necropsy and hitopathology findings, allied to complementary techniques. Considering the results, we conclude that the diagnosis of diseases in wild birds in captivity and to mantain a sanitary record of the flocks can help in the implementation of well planned and successfull wild bird conservation programs.
67

Phase-averaged stereo-PIV flow field and force/moment/motion measurements for surface combatant in PMM maneuvers

Yoon, Hyunse 01 December 2009 (has links)
Towing-tank experiments are performed for a surface combatant as it undergoes static and dynamic planar motion mechanism maneuvers in calm water. The data includes global forces/moment/motions and phase-averaged local flow-fields, and uncertainty assessment. The geometry is DTMB model 5512, which is a 1/46.6 scale geosym of DTMB model 5415, with L = 3.048 m. The experiments are performed in a 3.048 × 3.048 × 100 m towing tank. The measurement system features a custom designed planar motion mechanism, a towed stereoscopic particle image velocimetry system, a Krypton contactless motion tracker, and a 6-component loadcell. The forces/moment and UA are conducted in collaboration with two international facilities (FORCE and INSEAN), including test matrix and overlapping tests using the same model geometry but with different scales. Quality of the data is assessed by monitoring the statistical convergence, including tests for randomness, stationarity, and normality. Uncertainty is assessed following the ASME Standards (1998 and 2005). Hydrodynamic derivatives are determined from the forces/moment data by using the Abkowitz (1966) mathematical model, with two different 'Multiple-Run (MR)' and 'Single-Run (SR)' methods. The results for reconstructions of the forces/moment indicate that usually the MR method is more accurate than the SR. Comparisons are made of the hydrodynamic derivatives across different facilities. The scale effect is small for sway derivatives, whereas considerable for yaw derivatives. Heave, pitch, and roll motions exhibit cross-coupling between the motions and forces and moment data, as expect based on ship motions theory. Hydrodynamic derivatives are compared between different mount conditions. Linear derivatives values are less sensitive to the mounting conditions, whereas the non-linear derivatives are considerably different. Phase-averaged flowfield results indicate maneuvering-induced vortices and their interactions with the turbulent boundary layer. The tests are sufficiently documented and detailed so as to be useful as benchmark EFD data for CFD validation.
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Managing Sociality of a Captive Female Bornean Orangutan from Breeding to Post-partum at The Smithsonian's National Zoo

Vergamini, Marie 01 January 2017 (has links)
The Association of Zoos and Aquariums’ Orangutan Species Survival Plan® aims to maintain 100 Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) in captivity. Because investment in breeding these lineages is high, properly managing sociality of potential mothers is essential. This study assessed how behaviors of a captive breeding female at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo changed from pre-gestation through the offspring’s sixth month of age to improve breeding recommendations. The infant Bornean orangutan was born September 2016. Results indicate that during breeding, the mother socialized most with two adult females. During pregnancy, the pregnant female socialized in less energy-consuming ways, i.e. grooming. Post-partum socialization and proximity data suggest a shift in female affiliation. The presence of another female with maternal experience may be beneficial to the rearing of new offspring. These results can help guide socialization management for pregnant captive orangutans to improve breeding outcomes.
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Use of space in captive Siberian tigers

Nilsson, Sara January 2012 (has links)
Empirical measurements of the use of space of an enclosure are important indicators of the enclosure’s appropriateness for the exhibited animal. By studying the animal’s use of space zoological parks are able to provide a more species-adequate environment. In this study the utilization of space by the Siberian tigers held at Kolmården Djurpark was analyzed. Data were collected using the scan sample method for a total of 120 observation hours during 15 days. The tigers showed a marked difference in the utilization of different parts of the enclosure with the number of observations ranging from 1252 for the most popular zone to only 172 for the least popular one. The tigers showed a consistent preference for two of the 15 zones across all days of observation. Further analyses showed that these zones were preferred both during mornings and afternoons as well as during feeding days and non-feeding days. This study demonstrates that the tigers might display a preference for certain environmental features as a result of their behavioral needs that are no different from tigers in the wild.
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Social behavior and communication in a herd of captive giraffe

Bashaw, Meredith J. 01 December 2003 (has links)
No description available.

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