Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a legitimate technology option that should be part of a balanced portfolio of mitigation technologies available Post-Kyoto Protocol framework after Paris 2015 and beyond the 2020s or the cost achieving 2 degrees Celsius stabilisation scenario will significantly increase. Oxy-fuel combustion as a CCS technology option increases fuel flexibility. Additionally, oxy-biomass as a bio-energy with CCS (BECCS) technology can achieve negative carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in sustainable biomass systems. Also, oxygen (O2) production in an air separation unit (ASU) gives potential for extra operational flexibility and energy storage. In this work, new designs of 20 litre spherical (R-20) and 30 litre non-spherical (R-30) ignition chambers have been built at the University of Edinburgh to carry-out dust ignition experiments with different ignition energies for evaluating pulverised fuel ignitability as a function of primary recycle (PR) O2 content for oxy-fuel PF milling safety. A set of coals and biomasses being used (at the time of submitting this work) in the utility pulverised fuel boilers in the UK have been employed. Coal and biomass dusts were ignited in air and oxy-fuel mixtures up to 30 % v/v O2 balance mixture CO2 where peak pressures (Pmax) from ignition were recorded. Pressure ratios (Pmax/Pinitial) were determined the key parameter for positive ignition identification with a value above 2.5 to be considered positive. Particle size effects in coal and biomass ignition were evaluated. Results on biomass were more variable than with coals, requiring a stronger ignition source (5,000 J) mainly due to larger particle sizes. Finer biomass particles behaved similarly to air ignition in 25 % v/v O2 in CO2. Larger particles of biomass did not ignite at all for most cases even reaching 30 % v/v O2 in CO2. A reference coal used, El Cerrejon, behaved as expected with 30 % v/v O2 balance CO2 matching air case; particles between 75-53 microns had lower ignitability than finer below 53 microns but were critical in devolatilisation. Most fuels did not ignite in 21 % v/v in CO2 below 200 g/m3 concentrations. The use of adequate ignition energy strength is needed for the PF mill safety case, with 5,000 J energy required for the biomasses tested. An indication of potential ignition chamber volume and geometry effect has also been observed when comparing results from R-20 and R-30 ignition chambers. Important implications include that oxy-biomass PR with 21 % v/v O2 content would give improved pulverised fuel (PF) milling safety when compared to air firing but reduced ignitability and a 25 % v/v O2 balance CO2 atmosphere would approach to oxy-biomass ignition behaviour in air in mills.

This thesis explores the international political dynamics of developing low carbon technology. Specifically, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology as a climate mitigation strategy in a developing country context is examined. CCS is a technological solution that allows for the continued use of fossil fuels without the large amounts of associated CO2 emissions. This entails capturing the CO2 emitted from large point sources, such as a coal-fired power station, and transporting the captured emissions to be injected and stored permanently into geological media. Consequently, CCS is a bridging technology that could provide more time for transitioning to a low-carbon economy. A case study of India is used, which is an emerging industrialising economy, and is also the third-largest coal producer in the world. India faces a dilemma: poverty alleviation and infrastructure development to support its billion plus population requires vast amounts of energy, which is predominantly based on fossil fuels. Therefore, it was envisioned that CCS would be a sustainable option, which could enable industrialisation at the rate required, whilst preventing the exacerbation of the negative effects of climate change. However, during the period of study (2007-2010), CCS was not embraced by India, despite there being a growing impetus to develop, demonstrate and transfer the technology. India was reluctant to consider CCS as part of a mitigation strategy, and this thesis focuses on the reasons why. An interdisciplinary approach is used, coupling perspectives from science, technology and innovation studies (STS) with concepts from International Relations (IR) scholarship. This sociotechnical conceptual framework is applied to gain a more holistic picture of the failed attempt to transfer CCS technology to India. Key technical challenges and blockages are identified within India’s existing energy system, which have restricted CCS technology implementation. In addition, the political challenges associated with the rejection of CCS by the Indian Government are explored. Empirical evidence is on the basis of elite interviews, an expert stakeholder survey and relevant documents. Another case study on the Cambay basin is used to further demonstrate the influence of political factors on CCS implementation, even in an area considered to have suitable technical conditions. The outcomes of this study have implications for policy addressing global challenges, especially by means of international cooperation and technological change.

Master of Science / Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering / Warren N. White / As traditional resources are becoming scarce, renewable energy is a recent topic receiving greater concern. Among the renewable energies, wind power is a very popular type of energy extracted from wind which is readily available in the environment. The use of wind power all over the world is receiving increased attention. Horizontal axis wind turbines are the most popular equipment for extracting power form the wind. One of the problems of using wind turbines is how to maximize the wind power capture. In this paper, a method for maximizing the rotor power coefficient of a wind turbine is proposed. Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA) is an efficient way for extremum seeking. It is different from the classical gradient based extremum seeking algorithms. For maximizing the rotor power coefficient, it only needs two objective function measurements to take a step toward the next extremum approximation. The one measurement SPSA is a modification of SPSA method developed in this work. Instead of using measurements of two positions occurring at random directions away from the current position, it uses the measurement of one position in a random direction and the measurement of the current position to estimate the gradient. Usually, the rotor power coefficient is not easily measurable. For speed regulation, a nonlinear robust speed controller is used in this work. The controller produces an estimate of the aerodynamic torque of wind turbine. The quality of this estimate improves with time. From that, a good estimate of power coefficient can be obtained. Simulations in MATLAB are executed with a model of a wind turbine based on its dynamic equations. From simulations, it can be seen that the one measurement SPSA method works very well for the wind turbine. It changes the tip speed ratio and blade pitch simultaneously, and the power coefficient reaches its maximum value quickly in a reliable manner. The power capture optimization is then implemented in FAST, a turbine simulation model created by NREL which is used to test the 5MW NREL reference turbine. From the results, it is evident that the wind turbine reaches the maximum power coefficient rapidly.

The purpose of this paper is to examine and compare two simple motion capturesystems. The first system consists of two cameras, and the second system consists of acamera with a depth sensor. The problem with both systems is their limited field ofview. If the actor is facing a camera, that camera will not be able to see an arm if thatarm is placed behind the back.My method in order to do this examination, was to record a number of different typesof motions with both systems, and then evaluate and compare the generated data fromthe two systems. This was done partly by applying it to a 3D character, and partly byinvestigating how good incomplete data could be repaired. Some motions wasrecorded multiple times, each with a different angle. The examination has resulted indifferent conclusions about the two systems.The process of using two cameras was very time consuming and the actor had to standfacing the cameras more or less. The depth sensing camera was shown to be able tohandle a wider range of motions, and the angle relative to the cameras wasn't aslimited. Some advantages could be found compared to the depth sensing camera,which had troubles handling certain types of arm and head rotations. This waspossible to handle with two cameras. / Validerat; 20140627 (global_studentproject_submitter)

Der Klimawandel und insbesondere die globale Erwärmung gehören aktuell zu den größten Herausforderungen an Politik und Wissenschaft. Steigende CO2-Emissionen sind hierbei maßgeblich für die Klimaerwärmung verantwortlich. Ein regulierender Faktor beim CO2-Austausch mit der Atmosphäre ist die Vegetation, welche als CO2-Senke aber auch als CO2-Quelle fungieren kann. Diese Funktionen können durch Analysen der Landbedeckungsänderung in Kombination mit Modellierungen der Kohlenstoffbilanz quantifiziert werden, was insbesondere von aktuellen und zukünftigen politischen Instrumenten wie CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) oder REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation) gefordert wird. Vor allem in Regionen mit starker Landbedeckungsänderung und hoher Bevölkerungsdichte sowie bei geringem Wissen über die Produktivität und CO2-Speicherpotentiale der Vegetation, bedarf es einer Erforschung und Quantifizierung der terrestrischen Kohlenstoffspeicher. Eine Region, für die dies in besonderem Maße zutrifft, ist Westafrika. Jüngste Studien haben gezeigt, dass sich einerseits die Folgen des Klimawandels und Umweltveränderungen sehr stark in Westafrika auswirken werden und andererseits Bevölkerungswachstum eine starke Änderung der Landbedeckung für die Nutzung als agrarische Fläche bewirkt hat. Folglich sind in dieser Region die terrestrischen Kohlenstoffspeicher durch Ausdehnung der Landwirtschaft und Waldrodung besonders gefährdet. Große Flächen agieren anstelle ihrer ursprünglichen Funktion als CO2-Senke bereits als CO2-Quelle. [...] / Global warming associated with climate change is one of the greatest challenges of today's world. One regulating factor of CO2 exchange with the atmosphere is the vegetation cover. Measurements of land cover changes in combination with modeling of the carbon balance can therefore contribute to determining temporal variations of CO2 sources and sinks, which is an essential necessity of existing and prospective political instruments like CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) or REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation). The need for quantifiable terrestrial carbon stocks is especially high for regions, where rates of land cover transformation and population density are high and knowledge on vegetation productivity is low. One region which is characterized by these criteria is West Africa. Therefore, carbon stocks in this region are seriously endangered by land cover change like the expansion of agriculture and forest logging. Large areas already act as carbon sources on a yearly basis instead of their previous function as carbon sink. Since only a few studies have analyzed the terrestrial carbon stocks in Africa and especially regional analysis in West Africa are missing, the following study focuses on regional scale modeling of the actual terrestrial carbon stocks. Additionally, the potential carbon stocks of unmanaged land cover and the potential for CO2 payments have been analyzed in this work. To quantify and assess carbon fluxes as well as the loss of carbon, net primary productivity of vegetation has been modeled, based on the plants characteristics to fix carbon from the atmosphere during photosynthesis. Modeling vegetation dynamics and net primary productivity has been realized by using MODIS 250m time series for semi-humid and semi-arid savanna ecosystems in West Africa. This study aimed to quantify CO2 exchanges of the Savanna regions in the Volta basin by applying and adapting the Regional Biomass Model (RBM). The RBM was developed by Jochen Richters (2005) at a resolution of 1000m for the Namibian Kaokoveld. In this study the model was optimized to the scale of 232m to consider the heterogeneous landscape in West Africa (RBM+). New input parameters with higher accuracies and resolution were generated instead of using the global standard products. The most important parameters for the modeling are FPAR and the fractional cover of herbaceous and woody vegetation. To enhance the MODIS FPAR product, linear interpolation and downscaling algorithms were applied. The main objective of the downscaling is a better representation of the finely scattered vegetation by the 232m resolution FPAR. The second optimized parameter, the fractional cover of herbaceous and woody vegetation was represented by the Vegetation Continuous Fields product (VCF) from MODIS in the originally version of the RBM. This global product reflects the vegetation structure of West Africa poorly, since few high resolution training data is available for this region, and the dynamic savanna vegetation can hardly be classified by not regionally adapted methods. Additionally, the data is only available with 500m resolution. Therefore, in this study a new product with 232m resolution was developed which represents the spatial heterogeneity well and, due to the regional adaptation, shows higher accuracies. The percentage cover of woody and herbaceous vegetation and bare soil on 232m MODIS data was calculated in a multi scale approach. Based on very high resolution data, represented by Quickbird and Ikonos with 0.6-4m resolution, and high resolution data from Landsat with 30m resolution, the percentage coverage was estimated for representative focus regions. These classifications were used as a training data set to determine the percentage coverage on the 232m scale with MODIS time series for the whole study region. Based on these optimized and adapted input parameters, the net primary productivity was modeled. Data from a meteorological station and an Eddy-Covariance-Flux allowed a detailed validation of the input parameters and of the model results. The model led to good results as it only overestimated the net primary productivity for the two analyzed years 2005 and 2006 by 8.8 and 2.0 %, respectively. The second aim of the study was an analysis of the potential for long term terrestrial carbon sinks. Classifications of the actual and of the potential land cover were calculated for this analysis. Considering the overall long time CO2 fixation behavior of trees, which depends on their age, longterm carbon stocks for 100 years were simulated. As carbon fixing could be paid by emission trading, which is in future depending on the political Post-Kyoto programs, potential alternative income was calculated with different price scenarios for the three countries. A comparison with the gross domestic products of these countries and with developing aid, showed the significance of CO2 trading in this region.

The growing importance of multimedia content generated by ordinary users demands research for models, methods, technologies and systems that support multimedia production. Despite recent results allowing the collaborative capture of video via mobile devices, there is gap in supporting the collaborative capture of multiple media. In this dissertation we propose that ubiquitous collaborative multimedia production can be carried out by users who capture and annotate multiple media using the CMoViA mobile application. CMoViA also allows export the user-generated content to the CI+WaC, which allows them to edit the user-generated content in the form of interactive and extensible multimedia documents. The proposal demanded extending recent work reported in the literature, namely the I+WaC-IE (Interactors+WaC-Interaction Events) model, the I+WaC-Editor tool and MoViA tool. Hence, CMoViA follows the proposed CI+WaC-IE model. We discuss results from a case study, carried out in the educational domain, in which students collaboratively capture a lecture. / A crescente importância de conteúdo multimídia gerado por usuários amadores exige pesquisas por modelos, métodos, tecnologias e sistemas que apoiem a produção multimídia. Apesar dos recentes resultados que permitem captura colaborativa em vídeo utilizando dispositivos móveis, existe uma lacuna no apoio à captura colaborativa de múltiplas mídias. O trabalho apresentado nesta dissertação propõe que a produção multimídia colaborativa ubíqua possa ser alcançada por usuários que realizem a captura de múltiplas mídias e de anotações utilizando o aplicativo móvel CMoViA. CMoViA também permite que o conteúdo gerado por esses usuários seja exportado para a plataforma CI+WaC, a qual permite editar e anotar documentos multimídia interativos. Essa proposta requer a extensão de trabalho recentes reportados na literatura: o modelo I+WaC-IE (Interactors+WaC-Interaction Events), a ferramenta I+WaC-Editor e a ferramenta MoViA. Assim, a aplicação CMoViA segue o modelo CI+WaC-IE proposto neste trabalho como extensão do modelo I+WaC-IE. A proposta foi avaliada por meio de estudo de caso realizado no domínio educacional, no qual estudantes capturam colaborativamente uma palestra.

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, la littérature scientifique traitant de la capture attentionnelle a mis en évidence, à l’aide de paradigmes expérimentaux testés en laboratoire, un certain nombre de processus attentionnels fondamentaux. Bien que les résultats obtenus « en laboratoire » à partir de stimuli visuellement « simples » méritent encore d’être investigués, depuis quelques années se pose la question de la « transposabilité » de ces observations à des objets et des situations issus du monde réel. Les phénomènes observés en laboratoire à partir d’un matériel visuellement simple sont-ils transposables à des situations, complexes, de la vie quotidienne ? Afin de répondre à cette question, nous avons créé et testé différentes conditions proches de celles du monde réel,notamment en expérimentant en situation de double-tâche, en utilisant un matériel visuellement complexe extrait du monde réel (c.-à-d. des photographies de conduite automobile), en faisant varier la fréquence d’apparition de l’élément distracteur ou bien encore en testant une nouvelle caractéristique du distracteur, la dimension sémantique. Nos résultats révèlent les conditions d’apparition du phénomène de capture attentionnelle dans des situations s’approchant de celles du monde réel. Nous avons tout particulièrement détaillé dans cet ouvrage le cas de l’effet de capture attentionnelle contingente, phénomène majeur et robuste de la capture attentionnelle, y compris dans des situations visuellement complexes. / During the last two decades, studies about attentional capture revealed some major basic attentional processes by using several experimental paradigms. While further investigations need to be conducted by using simple visual stimuli, a raising question concerns the possibility to generalize laboratory findings to much more complex real-world situations. Indeed, basic attentional capture studies usually use simple stimuli while real-world displays are generally rich in visual information. To answer this issue, we conducted several experiments under close to real-world conditions, such as testingdual task situations, using complex visual stimuli from real-world situations (e.g. driving-scenes photographs), modulating the distractor frequency or testing attentional capture at a semantic and conceptual dimension. Our results revealed the conditions in which the attentional capture phenomenon occurs in close to real-world situations. We particularly discussed in our work the contingent attentional capture phenomenon which appears to be a strong and robust effect, in both laboratory and close to real-world situations.

Aplicações de captura e acesso exploram o paradigma de computação ubíqua --- que consiste em popular o ambiente com aplicações e dispositivos computacionais a fim de auxiliar transparentemente as pessoas na realização de suas atividades --- para dar apoio à captura automática de informação em experiências ``ao vivo' e à correspondente geração de documentos passíveis de armazenamento, recuperação, visualização e extensão ao longo do tempo. Devido à sua natureza distribuída, à heterogeneidade dos dispositivos computacionais envolvidos e à diversidade nas funcionalidades providas, essas aplicações são difíceis de se construir e requerem infra-estruturas e serviços de software que auxiliem o desenvolvedor nessa tarefa. Este trabalho investiga a construção e o uso de aplicações de captura e acesso por meio do desenvolvimento da xINCA, uma infra-estrutura estendida baseada em componentes de software reutilizáveis que englobam as funcionalidades recorrentes nessa classe de aplicações. A xINCA é uma extensão da infra-estrutura INCA --- uma infra-estrutura de baixo nível que provê abstrações de comunicação para aplicações de captura e acesso. Complementares, as infra-estruturas INCA e xINCA provêem um modelo simplificado para o desenvolvimento de aplicações de captura e acesso, considerando aspectos de projeto, implementação e reuso. Associada ao modelo de armazenamento do serviço StRES, a xINCA tem ainda papel na estruturação da informação capturada com o uso de XML e tecnologias correlatas. / Capture and access applications explore the ubiquitous computing paradigm --- that basically consists on populating the environment with computational devices and applications to transparently assist people on their activities --- to support the automatic capture of information on live experiences and generate corresponding documents that can be further stored, retrieved, visualized and extended. Due to their distributed nature, heterogeneity of involved devices and variety of provided functionalities, capture and access applications are hard to build and require software infrastructures and services that help the developer out on his task. This work investigates the building and use of capture and access applications through the development of xINCA, a component-based software infrastructure comprising the most common func-tio-na-li-ties present in such a class of applications. xINCA is an extension of INCA --- a low-level infrastructure that provides communication abstractions for capture and access applications. Complementary, INCA and xINCA provide a simplified model for the development of capture and access applications, concerning design, implementation and reuse aspects. Allied with the StRES storage model, xINCA also plays an important role on the structuring of captured information by using XML and corresponding technologies.

Sob o efeito do jejum os animais podem se comportar de várias maneiras e mudar a estratégia de forrageio, se arriscar mais ao se alimentar e responder mais rapidamente à presença da presa. Animais ectotérmicos e de metabolismo baixo são bastante afetados pelo jejum, construindo menos abrigos, se alimentando mais e se tornando mais ativos. Escorpiões são predadores predominantemente senta-e-espera mas que podem também deslocar-se em busca de suas presas, especialmente artrópodes. No forrageio, eles dependem de vibrações do substrato e de correntes de ar para localizar e capturar a presa. Esses estímulos são detectados por estruturas como os órgãos em fenda (fina região da cutícula onde ocorrem fendas que detectam vibrações do substrato) e os tricobótrios, que são longas cerdas sensíveis ao deslocamento de ar. Escorpiões são equipados com tricobótrios, mas a função comportamental destas cerdas nesse táxon nunca foi testada experimentalmente. No primeiro capítulo, testamos as hipóteses de que escorpiões em jejum se locomoveriam mais, detectariam mais rapidamente a presa e que a taxa de captura seria maior. Para medir a locomoção, nós dividimos a arena em quadrantes de 11 x 11cm e quantificamos o número de quadrantes utilizados, o número de mudanças de quadrantes e se o animal estava andando ou parado em cada observação. Para quantificar mudanças no limiar de detecção, nós medimos a distância em centímetros e a latência em segundos para detectar a presa. Para medir se houve diferenças na taxa de captura, nós contamos em ambos os grupos o número total de sujeitos experimentais que capturaram o grilo. Nós não encontramos diferenças entre os tratamentos em nenhuma das variáveis medidas. No segundo capítulo, testamos a hipótese de que os tricobótrios são importantes para captura de presas para escorpiões. Previmos que os sujeitos experimentais sem tricobótrios experimentalmente removidos teriam menor sucesso de captura do que os grupos controles (cerda controle removida/controle do procedimento experimental/controle sem manuseio). Previmos ainda que escorpiões sem tricobótrios teriam um maior número de tentativas de captura, que a latência para detecção e para a primeira tentativa de captura seriam maiores e que se orientariam menos vezes para a presa do que animais controle. Colocamos um sujeito experimental e um grilo sem o par de pernas III em uma arena circular com papel sulfite como substrato e filmamos os sujeitos experimentais. Nós não encontramos diferenças nas variáveis medidas entre os grupos comparados. Concluindo, os resultados do primeiro capítulo indicam que talvez o tempo de jejum não tenha sido longo o suficiente para influenciar mudanças no comportamento de forrageio e/ou as diferenças podem aparecer em outros comportamentos não medidos, como o tempo de ingestão. No segundo capítulo, os resultados indicam que os tricobótrios não são essenciais para captura de presas. Dessa forma, outras presas e substratos que atenuam vibrações do substrato devem ser considerados em estudos futuros / Under starvation, animals might behave in different ways and change their foraging strategy, become risk-prone while feeding and respond more quickly to the presence of prey. Ectothermic and with low metabolism animals are greatly affected by starvation, building less burrows, feeding more and becoming more active. Scorpions are predominantly sit-and-wait predators but they may also move in search for prey, especially arthropods. While foraging, they rely on substrate borne vibrations and air displacement to detect and capture prey. These stimuli are detect by sensory structures such as slit sense organs, (a thin region on the cuticle that bears slit that detect substrate borne vibration) and trichobothria, which are long setae sensitive to air displacement. Scorpions are equipped with trichobothria, however, the specific behavioral function of these sensilla on this taxa has never been experimentally tested. In the first chapter, we hypothesized that starved scorpions would become more roving, that the threshold to detection would decrease and that the capture rate would increase. To measure locomotion, we divided the arena into squares of 11 x 11 cm and quantified the number of squares used, the number of square changes and if the animal was walking or staying still in each observation. To quantify changes in the detection threshold, we measured the distance in centimeters and latency in seconds to detect the crickets. To measure if there was a difference in capture rate, we counted in both groups the total number of experimental subjects that captured the cricket. We found no differences between treatments in any of the measured variables. In the second chapter, we tested the hypothesis that trichobothria on pedipalps are important for scorpions to capture prey. We predicted that experimental subjects without trichobothria experimentally removed would be less successful in capturing prey than the control groups (control seta removed/control of experimental procedure/no handling control). We also predicted that scorpions without trichobothria would have a higher number of capture attempts, that the latency to detect prey and to the first capture attempt would be higher and the number of times that each scorpion oriented its body towards the prey would be lower. We used an experimental subject and a cricket without the pair of legs III in a circular arena with a printer paper as substrate and then record the experimental subjects. We did not find differences in the measured variables between the two groups. In conclusion, the results of the first chapter indicate that perhaps the starvation period has not been long enough to influence changes on foraging behavior and/or the differences may appear in other behaviors, such as ingestion time. In the second chapter, the results indicate that trichobothria are not essential for capture prey. Thus, other prey and substrates that attenuate substrate borne vibrations should be considered in future studies

The capability of the organisation in capturing customer value of experience (VoE) has led to continuous social interaction and spawned innovative ways to collaborate and co-create with the customers. This notion of reciprocal engagement is referred to as social co-creation. The co-creation paradigm represents value and is referred to as a function of experience other than the product itself. However, there is a critically needs for the organisation to formulate a 'value capture strategy' through the lens of social co-creation. It is evident that the fundamental question of the causal relationship between social media and co-creation has not been fully explained. The research developed a value capture framework in order to have a clear need to understand the various perceptions of four important conditions, social co-creation, customer engagement, engagement platform and organisation capability on value capture. The theoretical aspect of 'Absorptive Capacity Theory (ACT)' is used to demonstrate the organisational capability in order to recognise, identify, assimilate and implement the VoE in the organisation as part of competitive advantage along with existing of social technologies. In this respect, an original conceptual framework was formulated based on evidence within the current literature where a series of constructs are reported to guide the empirical fieldwork in identifying a 'value capture strategy'. The research adopted a qualitative methodology for the data collection approach which consequently enabled an exploratory and interpretive investigation. This included three pilot studies, twentyeight semi-structured interviews and one validation phase with experienced senior managers involved in co-creation within the technology and services industry who were regarded as valid respondents. The findings addressed external and internal conditions of value capture framework for VoE as a result of the analysis. The external condition focuses on organisation capability in recognising a customer active participation with the engagement platform. The internal condition enables an organisational strategy to assimilate and implement the VoE through co-creation initiatives in capturing the VoE. The research considers the organisation role as an actioner purposes on using a social co-creation for direct communication as part of the organisations practice. 9 The study not only contributes to the knowledge of social co-creation generally, but also extending the needs for the organisation on considering the internal condition for the organisation to identifies the VoE from customer participation. With that regards, the social co-creation engagement works as the interface before extending on cocreation stages which more direct, in-depth conversations with customers internally. The evidence is presented which confirms that a value capture strategy in cocreation is important for organisations stability and enhanced service delivery. By formulating a value capture framework, it creates a much deeper understanding of how each element were related and correlated to reach potential end result for the organisation. The implications of the study are that organisations should carefully consider the role of social media on engaging with the customers and propose to develop an online engagement network with their customers in order to have more direct and effective communication tools. This would allow them to have the right strategy on selecting the right customer to engage, for the right purposes at the right time is far more important from creating a massive communication.