Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-01-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:05:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 garla_rc_dr_rcla.pdf: 1566045 bytes, checksum: 33a6e91849d61d578c9d020171e589af (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente trabalho visa gerar informações básicas sobre a ecologia e a situação populacional do tubarão-cabeça-de-cesto Carcharhinus perezi, lambarú Ginglymostoma cirratum e tubarão-limão Negaprion brevirostris no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, com ênfase na primeira, por ser numericamente dominante. Utilizou-se a combinação de técnicas de marcação e recaptura e de telemetria ultra-sônica para fornecer informações sobre: estrutura populacional, distribuição espacial dos tubarões e de suas áreas de berçário, época de parto, padrões de movimentação e de utilização do hábitat. Amostras de sangue foram analisadas para caracterização sorológica das espécies. Foi implantado um programa de conscientização e educação sobre a necessidade de conservação dos tubarões, e realizou-se um curso de capacitação em Educação Ambiental para os professores do ensino médio e fundamental. A plataforma insular do arquipélago é utilizada como área de parto e de crescimento de jovens pelas três espécies de tubarões. Carcharhinus perezi apresenta maior segregação espacial por tamanho. Não ocorre segregação espacial em Ginglymostoma cirratum e Negaprion brevirostris pois foram observados indivíduos neonatos, jovens e adultos freqüentando a região próxima à linha costeira do arquipélago. Os tubarões utilizam com menor freqüência o trecho da Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) do arquipélago, o que possivelmente está relacionado à intensificação da utilização humana e a indícios de empobrecimento biológico da região nos últimos anos. O monitoramento por telemetria mostra que: os tubarões jovens são residentes em trechos específicos do arquipélago; eles podem ser ativos a qualquer horário do dia, mas os maiores espaços de atividade e deslocamentos ocorrem à noite; aparentemente não existem variações sazonais... / The aim of the present study is to provide basic data on the ecology and population status of the reef-shark Carcharhinus perezi, nurse-shark Ginglymostoma cirratum and lemon-shark Negaprion brevirostris at Fernando de Noronha archipelago, with special reference to Carcharhinus perezi, due to its numerical dominance. A combination of mark and recapture and ultrasonic telemetry methods were used to gather data on: the population structure, spatial distribution of the sharks, location of the nursery grounds, parturition time, patterns of movement and habitat use. Blood samples were analyzed for a serological characterization of the species. An educational program was established to increase the community awareness about shark conservation, and a capacitating course on Environmental Education was offered to teachers of the local school. The archipelago s insular shelf is used as a parturition and growing ground for young sharks of the three species. Carcharhinus perezi shows size segregation. Size segregation was not observed in Ginglymostoma cirratum and Negaprion brevirostris, and neonate, young and adult sharks of these species were observed to frequent shallow waters of the archipelago. Sharks rarely frequent the archipelago s Environmental Protection Area (EPA), which is probably related to an intensification of human use and evidences of biological impoverishment of this site in recent years. The telemetry monitoring shows that: the young sharks are resident and present site fidelity to specific portions of the archipelago; they may be active at any time of the day, but the larger activity spaces and excursions occur at night; apparently there is no seasonal variation in activity spaces and habitat use; and larger sharks have more extensive activity spaces. The main problems for the management and conservation of the sharks are:... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements of the Master’s Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2018. / When one thinks of a homoeopathic proving one is overwhelmed with the idea of a well-defined and revised linear structured process governing a select group of participants of various racial, sex and age variation, spanning a period of time no shorter than a month with strict parameters for optimum perception of experience. One anticipates the result being a compendium of thoughts and actions and processes constructive and destructive, all documented and confined to a small black book carried and completed by the prover and assembled meticulously by the researcher guided through the experienced hand of the research supervisor. This research followed this impeccable oft repeated and fine-tuned standard. This research seeks to reinforce the efficacy of the established proving process by utilising the methodology as a guide to maximally elicit the numerous symptoms of a new unproved substance of a kingdom that has yet to truly be explored, understood, and conquered. Aim The true goal of this research is that through learning and understanding and growing one develops and seeks new avenues of cure in the homoeopathic profession, which is ultimately to the benefit of a fledgling developing science, and to humanity, with the aim of activating a true cure. The topic being investigated is a homoeopathic proving of Carcharhinus leucas 30CH followed by a subsequent comparison to the Doctrine of Signatures. The idea behind this topic was a colleague and co-researcher’s interest with the shark species which then developed into a passion and has, through diligence and timeous effort of both researchers, led to a new avenue of understanding and a wealth of ideas in terms of a possible cure. The sea kingdom itself although rich and bountiful in species of sea inhabitants and vegetation has been a scarce source of homoeopathic remedies with few major remedies being derived from this abundant reservoir. This study, then, can help fill this gap. Methodology On initiating any new proving the methodology has to be of the strictest standard. The process has to be simple, clearly defined, and easily followable, so that the symptoms produced are clear and well defined to provide the best possible materia medica. This can then serve as a strong base for reference and further study and experimentation in clinical practice, as well as a basis for variations of the proving to seek different answers. The proving process followed a standard procedure to regulate the process to provide an optimum environment for the extraction of symptoms for defining a materia medica. The study was a double-blind placebo controlled clinical homoeopathic proving with a sample of 30 provers in good health. On completion of the proving a further task of comparing the proving results to the Doctrine of Signatures was undertaken to reaffirm the knowledge gained through the proving process. Result All of which, after assembly, has resulted in another homoeopathic materia medica production, an Iliad overflowing in new knowledge to propel a generation of homoeopaths in a progressive direction of further enlightenment and, Allah willing, greater curative capacity / M

Entre 2011 et avril 2017, La Réunion a connu 22 attaques de requin, dont 9 mortelles. Cette intensification des Conflits Hommes-Requins (CHR) à La Réunion a donné naissance au programme de recherche, CHARC, dont le but est de mieux comprendre la biologie et l'écologie des requins bouledogue (Carcharhinus leucas). C'est dans ce contexte et au sein de ce programme que s'est réalisé ce projet de thèse. Représentant la première étude de ce type sur cette espèce, l'objectif principal de la thèse a été de déterminer les caractéristiques et les particularités de la population observée, de délimiter son habitat et ses micro-habitats, d'en étudier son occupation spatiale et temporelle et de comprendre le rôle de ces micro-habitats dans le cycle de vie de l'espèce. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, l'étude repose sur une campagne de marquage et le suivi acoustique passif des 35 requins bouledogue le long de la côte ouest pendant 18 mois. La quasi-totalité des requins marqués sont des adultes de grande taille, avec un sex-ratio en faveur des femelles. De part ces caractéristiques, cette population de requins bouledogue se distingue de la majorité des autres populations observées à travers le monde.L'occupation spatiale et temporelle des requins n'était pas homogène, avec l'utilisation de zones préférentielles et une forte saisonnalité. On observe également une variabilité individuelle, influencée par la taille et le sexe des individus : les jeunes adultes, des deux sexes, sont essentiellement localisés dans le sud de la zone, au cours de deux pics de présence, un hivernal et un estival. A l'inverse, les grandes femelles sont majoritairement localisées dans le nord de la zone, avec un pic de présence hivernal. Les grands mâles sont peu présents et essentiellement localisés dans le nord et à l'extrémité sud de la zone d’étude au cours de la période creuse de juillet à octobre. Indépendamment du sexe et de la taille des individus, les zones préférentielles sont utilisées comme zone de repos sur l'ensemble des périodes nycthémérale et comme zone de chasse nocturne. Certaines zones préférentielles pourraient également jouer un rôle dans la reproduction. Les zones secondaires représentent principalement des zones de passages entre les zones préférentielles ou des zones de chasse nocturne secondaire. Si l'ensemble de ces résultats devra être confirmé par d'autres études à plus grande échelle spatio-temporelle, il montre toute la complexité du comportement et des déplacements des requins bouledogue dans les eaux réunionnaises. Cette thèse ouvre de nouvelles perspectives d'étude, notamment sur l'influence des facteurs environnementaux dans l'occupation spatio-temporelle des requins ou sur l'existence de phénomènes liés à la reproduction comme la philopatrie et la polyandrie. / A serie of 22 shark attacks occurred at Reunion Island between 2011 and April 2017, causing nine deaths. Following the rise of the Human Shark Conflict (HSC), a research program, CHARC, was launched to better understand the biology and ecology of bullshark (Carcharhinus leucas). This thesis was carried out within this program. Representing the firststudy on this specie at Reunion Island, the main objective was to determine characteristics of the observed population, to define it habitat and its micro-habitats, to study its spatial and temporal occupation and to understand the role of these micro-habitats in the life cycle of the specie. This study is based on a tagging campaign and passive acoustic telemetry of 35 bullsharks along the west coast for 18 months. Almost all tagged sharks are adults, large in size and with a sex ratio in favor of females. Base of these characteristics, this bullshark population differs from the majority of other observed populations throughout the world. The spatial and temporal occupation was not homogeneous, with use of preferential areas and strong seasonality. Individual variability is also observed, influenced by size and sex: young adults, of both sexes, are mainly located in the southern part of the study area, during two peaks of presence, one in winter and one in summer. Conversely, large females are mostly located in the north of study area, with a peak of presence in winter. Large males are rarely present and mostly located at the ends of the north and south of the study area from July to October. Apart from sex and size of individuals, preferential areas are used as resting areas, during all nycthemeral periods and as hunting area at night. Some preferential areas may also play a role in breeding behaviour. The secondary areas are mainly used to move from a preferential area to another or as secondary hunting area at night. If all these results have to be confirmed by larger-scale spatio-temporal studies, it put in light the complexity of bullshark behavior and movements along the coasts of Reunion Island. This thesis gives perspectives for new studies, including studies on environmental factors influence on spatio-temporal occupation of sharks or on phenomena related to reproduction such as philopatry and polyandry.

Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements of the Master’s Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2018. / Introduction The aim of this study was to conduct a homoeopathic proving of Carcharhinus leucas in the thirtieth centesimal potency (30CH) and to subsequently establish and describe the symptomatology in standard materia medica format and then compare this symptomatology to Galeocerdo cuvier hepar 30CH. Methodology The homoeopathic proving of Carcharhinus leucas 30CH was conducted at the Durban University of Technology and was accomplished by means of a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. Carcharhinus leucas 30CH was manufactured by the researchers according to Method 6, Method 8a and 10 of the German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia (Benyunes, 2005: 36-39). The homoeopathic proving was conducted in the form of a double blind placebo controlled study of Carcharhinus leucas 30CH with a total of 30 healthy provers. The prover sample was divided into two groups by a process of randomisation. Twenty four provers (80%) comprised the verum group and the remaining 6 provers (20%) comprised the placebo group. The identity of the proving substance and the potency used was not disclosed to provers. Provers documented their physical, mental and emotional status for one week preceding the administration of the proving remedy. A comprehensive physical examination and case history of every prover was taken before and after the proving period. Provers were instructed to ingest one powder three times a day for two days but were told to discontinue the powders once symptoms arose. The duration of the proving spanned 6 weeks and throughout the proving process, researchers were in constant communication with all the participants. Upon completion of the proving process, journals were collected and the information therein was translated into materia medica and repertory format. This was done in order to acquire the remedy picture of Carcharhinus leucas 30CH. Thereafter, the symptomatology of Carcharhinus leucas 30CH was compared to the symptomatology of Galeocerdo cuvier hepar 30CH. Results The proving of Carcharhinus leucas 30CH produced a total of 590 already existing rubrics and 43 new rubrics. The majority of these rubrics were located in the MIND (127), GENERALS (64), HEAD (55), EXTREMITIES (50), and EYE (34). In regard to the mind, prominent features were apparent such as anger, anxiety, cheerfulness, an aversion or amelioration within company, difficulty concentrating or increased focus, varying delusions and fears and irritability. Pertaining to the head, headaches were evident with varying concomitants and modalities, with headaches predominantly affecting the forehead and sides. Sensations included dryness, heat, heaviness, perspiration and shaking. The extremities displayed symptoms primarily in the forearms, legs and thighs and sensations included paralysis, shaking, swelling and weakness. In regard to the eye, eye pain with multiple modalities were apparent, with symptoms related to the canthi and eyelids. Sensations included heat, heaviness, inflammation, itching and photophobia as well as a visible discolouration of the eye. Analysis of the results presented an understanding of the similarities and differences between Carcharhinus leucas 30CH and Galeocerdo cuvier hepar 30CH. Conclusion As hypothesised, it was evident that administering Carcharhinus leucas 30CH to healthy individuals did yield observable symptomatology. Additionally, it was apparent that various correlations between Carcharhinus leucas 30CH and Galeocerdo cuvier hepar 30CH existed / M

Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós–Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, 2006 / Submitted by Cristiane Gomides (cristiane_gomides@hotmail.com) on 2013-11-18T15:49:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Beal.pdf: 944473 bytes, checksum: b8b64f4df525f2ad19ff1c3207ace0e6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Angelica Miranda (angelicacdm@gmail.com) on 2013-11-18T19:23:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Beal.pdf: 944473 bytes, checksum: b8b64f4df525f2ad19ff1c3207ace0e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-18T19:23:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Beal.pdf: 944473 bytes, checksum: b8b64f4df525f2ad19ff1c3207ace0e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Os elasmobrânquios são explorados por várias artes de pesca no Rio Grande do Sul. Com o intuito de caracterizar a frota pesqueira de emalhe sediada na fronteira sul do Estado de Santa Catarina, descrever as capturas e a distribuição espacial das espécies de elasmobrânquios na plataforma continental do Rio Grande do Sul, bem como descrever a estrutura populacional de Carcharhinus sp., foram realizadas 34 amostragens de desembarques pela frota pesqueira de Passo de Torres (SC), e nove embarques em viagens de pesca dessa frota, entre novembro de 2004 e março de 2005. O tamanho da frota foi de 30 embarcações, com comprimento total variando entre 10 e 20 m. Neste período, foram utilizadas redes de emalhe de superfície (cação e enchova) e de fundo (corvina, viola e papa-terra). Quinze espécies de tubarões e 12 de raias foram registradas. Entre os elasmobrânquios, Sphyrna lewini teve o maior peso total desembarcado, seguida de Rhinobatos horkelii. Dentre os peixes ósseos, Micropogonias furnieri apresentou os maiores valores de peso total desembarcado. As redes de emalhe de fundo, em especial a de corvina, foram as que mais capturaram exemplares de Carcharhinus sp., que utilizam a área como berçário durante o verão. Os principais problemas para a conservação dos tubarões na região, são a sobrepesca e a captura acidental, que atinge elevado número de neonatos. Sugere-se para a preservação dos tubarões no sul do Brasil, a proibição das redes dirigidas aos elasmobrânquios e a exclusão da pesca nas áreas de hábitat críticas para os neonatos, jovens e adultos. / The elasmobranch fishes are exploited by many fisheries gears in Rio Grande do Sul state. The purposes of this study were to describe the inshore fishery of Passo de Torres (SC), south frontier with Rio Grande do Sul state, to assess the elasmobranchs catches and its composition, and to deliniate their spatial distribution in south continental shelf. Thirty-four landings and nine fishing trips as observer in commercial fishing vessel were monitored, between November 2004 and March 2005. The fleet was compounded by 30 fishing vessels, with size between 10-20 m, and utilized surface and bottom gillnets to capture teleosts and elasmobranch fishes. Fifteen shark and 12 ray species were recorded in this study. Sphyrna lewini had the highest landing in total weight, followed by Rhinobatos horkelii. Among teleosts, Micropogonias furnieri had the highest landing in total weight. The bottom gillnets, specially the one directed for M. furnieri, had the highest capture of Carcharhinus sp., which utilize the area as nursery grounds during the summer. Others elasmobranchs were also by-catch from gillnets. In the study area, the main problems to shark conservation are heavy fishing pressure and by-catch, that capture high numbers of newborn. To shark management in south Brazil, we suggest the exclusion of fisheries with directed gears for elasmobranchs, and the creation of fisheries reserves in these critical habitats for newborn, young and adults.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2017-10-06T14:12:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda de Oliveira Lana.pdf: 4331332 bytes, checksum: 6fb6ebd6a4a539ee97e258da0a630aa7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-06T14:12:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda de Oliveira Lana.pdf: 4331332 bytes, checksum: 6fb6ebd6a4a539ee97e258da0a630aa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-13 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The silky shark, Carcharhinus falciformis, is a common species in the pelagic zone, with distribution in tropical and equatorial waters of all the oceans of the world. The objective of this study was to study the ecology of silky shark, including the study of the morphological characteristics, molecular identification and displacement, via electronic taggings of the silky shark in the Southwest and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean, particularly in relation to its distribution in the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (SPSPA), in order to clarify their daily and seasonal movement patterns, as well as the local structure of their population. The morphological/anatomical characteristics that define this species was also analyzed in a comparative way with other species of the Carcharhinus genus that also occur in the study area (SPSPA). All tagged shark and collection of biological material were performed in the Southwest and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean, in the vicinity of the SPSPA, in the area between latitudes 00°55'3,72"N and longitudes 029°20'11,22"W. Silky sharks were tagged with three (3) different models of satellite transmitters, totaling ten (10) individuals: 5 MiniPAT (Pop-up archival tags), 3 PSAT (Pop-up Satellite Archival Transmitting Tag), and 2 SPOT (Smart Position or Temperature Transmitting Tag), in the period from 2010 to 2014, in the vicinity of SPSPA. The chondrocrania of Carcharhinus (including Nasolamia), despite being conservative, showed differences that can be taxonomically significant. The cranial components that presented specific consistent differences are: the shape of the rostral node and posterior margin of anterior fontanele, rostral dimension, presence or absence of rostral fenestra, epiphisial notch, epiphisial foramen and nasal flap; direction of the nasal capsules, shapes of the preorbital process and subetmoid fossa. According to Multiplex PCR-technique and to compare its genetic characteristics with the other species of the Carcharhinus genus that are recorded in the (SPSPA) and have close morphometric characteristics (eg C. falciformis, C. galapagensis e C obscurus). The results, based on 64 samples, showed that almost all samples were silky sharks. The tagged sharks showed a preference for warm waters of the mixed layer, where they remained most of the time, during the day. The preferred temperature range of the tagged animal was between 26-28°C, with a preferred depth between 1-10m. Exhibited an elevated residency to the SPSPA, so the present results clearly show the importance of the management measure for the conservation of silky sharks (ICCAT - Interministerial Normative Instruction nº 8 - 06/11/2014), particularly in the vicinity of oceanic islands, due to the strong association these sharks show to these structures. / O tubarão lombo-preto, Carcharhinus falciformis, é uma espécie comum na zona pelágica, com distribuição em águas tropicais e equatoriais de todos os oceanos do mundo. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a ecologia do tubarão lombo-preto, incluindo estudar as características morfológicas, a identificação molecular e o deslocamento, via marcações eletrônicas, do tubarão lombo-preto no Oceano Atlântico Sudoeste e Equatorial, em particular com relação à sua distribuição no Arquipélago São Pedro e São Paulo (ASPSP), com o objetivo de esclarecer o seu padrão de movimentação diária e sazonal, além da estrutura local de sua população. As características morfológicas/ anatômicas que definem essa espécie foram também analisadas de forma comparativa com as outras espécies do gênero Carcharhinus que também ocorrem na área de estudo (ASPSP). Todas as marcações dos tubarões e coleta de material biológico foram realizadas no Oceano Atlântico Sudoeste e equatorial, nas imediações do ASPSP, na área localizada entre as latitudes 00°55'3,72"N e longitudes 029°20'11,22"W. Tubarões lombo-preto foram marcados com 3 (três) modelos distintos de transmissores via satélite, totalizando 10 (dez) indíviduos: 5 MiniPAT (Pop-up Archival Tag), 3 PSAT (Pop-up Satellite Archival Transmitting Tag), e 2 SPOT (Smart Position or Temperature Transmitting Tag), no período de 2010 a 2014, nas imediações do ASPSP. O condrocranio de Carcharhinus (incluindo Nasolamia), apesar de ser conservador, mostrou diferenças que podem ser taxonomicamente significativas. Os componentes cranianos que apresentaram diferenças consistentes são: a forma do nó rostral e a margem posterior da fontanele anterior, dimensão rostral, presença ou ausência de fenestra rostral, entalhe epifisário, forame epifisário e aba nasal; direção das cápsulas nasais, formas do processo pré-orbital e fossa subetóide. De acordo com a técnica de Multiplex PCR e a comparação das características genéticas com outras espécies do gênero Carcharhinus que são registradas no ASPSP e apresentam características morfométricas próximas (por exemplo, C. falciformis, C. galapagensis e C Obscurus). Os resultados, baseados em 64 amostras, mostraram que quase todas as amostras eram tubarões lomo-preto. Os tubarões marcados mostraram preferência pelas águas quentes da camada mistura em que permaneceram a maior parte do tempo, durante o dia. A faixa de temperatura preferencial se situou entre 26-28°C, com uma profundidade preferencial entre 1-10m. Apresentaram uma elevada residência para o ASPSP, assim os presentes resultados mostram claramente a importância da medida de ordenamento para a conservação de tubarões lombo-preto (ICCAT - Instrução Normativa Interministerial nº 8 – 06/11/2014), particularmente na proximidade de ilhas oceânicas, devido à forte associação desses tubarões com essas estruturas.

This study explored spatiotemporal patterns in movement, diet, and baseline phycotoxin concentrations in immature bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) of the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), an estuary of national significance that has been considerably impacted by multiple toxic harmful algal blooms (HABs). Long-term spatial use of the system was assessed for 29 acoustically tagged sharks over a 4 year period (2017–2020). Tissue samples for diet and toxin analysis were collected from a separate cohort of 50 individuals between 2018 and 2020. UPLC-MS/MS was used to screen tissues for 14 algal toxins. Young bull sharks were found to be mainly piscivorous and displayed high residency to the IRL as well as to specific regions of the IRL, with small activity spaces. Multiple phycotoxins were detected in screened tissues, indicating that young bull sharks in the IRL may be compromised by trophic transfer of HABs while they reside in this important nursery. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2021. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Molecular tools, such as sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA Control Region (CR) and genotyping of highly variable nuclear microsatellites were applied to survey the genetic diversity, population structure and phylogeography of three shark species: the whale shark, Rhincodon typus; the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas; and the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum. The highly migratory and pelagic whale shark exhibited the largest length variation yet reported for an elasmobranch CR (1143–1332 bp), and high haplotype (h = 0.974 ± 0.008) and nucleotide diversities(π = 0.011 ± 0.006). No geographical clustering of lineages was observed and the most common haplotype was distributed globally. The haplotype frequency, however, differed between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific populations(AMOVA, ΦST = 0.107, P < 0.001). For the bull shark, both mtDNA CR and five microsatellite loci were surveyed for animals from the Gulf of Mexico, the East coast of Florida and the Brazilian coast. Strong genetic structure was observed between theBrazilian and all northern populations for the CR (ΦST > 0.8, P < 0.001), but not for the nuclear microsatellite. The results here presented are congruent with restricted maternal gene flow between populations as a consequence of female nursery site fidelity. The philopatric tendencies as well as the relatively low levels of genetic diversity raises concerns about the conservation of this species. Finally, for the western Atlantic nurse sharks the genetic diversity estimated in a 1,166 bp fragment of the mtDNA comprising partial cytochrome b, tRNAPro, tRNAThr, and partial CR was the second smallest ever recorded for sharks (h = 0.45 ± 0.04; π = 0.0004 ± 0.0004). The data indicated moderate but significant genetic structure with the mtDNA marker (ΦST = 0.22, P<0.05) and no substantial structure in eight microsatellite loci analyzed. A population bottleneck as recent as the lower Pleistocene might have eroded the nurse shark genetic diversity and also contributed to its relatively lower population structure. The data also indicated that dispersal rather than vicariance better explains the Atlantic distribution of nurse shark, and that the Pacific nurse shark might be a cryptic sister species to Ginglymostoma cirratum.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-14T16:23:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jones Santander Neto.pdf: 1353954 bytes, checksum: 3ab25dad19a919fb57b060eb783f2097 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-14T16:23:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jones Santander Neto.pdf: 1353954 bytes, checksum: 3ab25dad19a919fb57b060eb783f2097 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / From October 2007 to March 2011, 105 silky sharks, Carcharhinus falciformis (Muller e Henle, 1839), (68–274.2 cm in total length, TL) were collected from industrial fleet (longline) carried out on Southwestern Tropical Atlantic (010º W/ 035º W, 05º N/ 30º S). Vertebral sections from 34 males (105–268.2 cm TL), 35 females (85–274.2 cm TL), and 36 individuals of unknown sex (68.8-256.1 cm TL) were analyzed. One 68.8 cm TL individual did not have birth ring. The index of average percentage of error (IAPE) estimated from two readings ranged from 0 to 7.69 (mean=3.88%) in the vertebrae of specimens with 1 and 14 band pairs, respectively. There were no differences (p 0.05) in the monthly marginal increment (MIR) analysis between months then we considered an annual ring deposition as other species of the Carcharhinidae family, including Carcharhinus falciformis. Ages range from 0 to 20 years. There were no differences (p 0.05) in growth between sexes. Models derived from von Bertalanffy, particularly the VBGM two phase, best represented growth for the species, which was evidenced by the lowest Akaike information criterion value. Growth parameters estimated for both sexes were L = 303 cm, k = 0.086, t0= -4.71, h=0.17, and th=11.62 with the VBGM two phase model, and L = 292 cm, k = 0.089, and t0= -4.87 with the VBGM. The VBGM was used to other analysis. Males and females mature at 10.8 and 12.5 years of age, repectively, and the age that attain 95% of the L is 30.3 years. / Tubarões lombo preto, Carcharhinus falciformis (Muller e Henle, 1839) foram capturados entre outubro de 2007 a março de 2011 pela frota industrial atuando com espinhel pelágico no Atlântico sudoeste Tropical (010º W/ 035º W, 05º N/ 30º S). Foram coletadas vértebras de 105 exemplares, sendo 34 machos (105–268,2 cm CT), 35 fêmeas (85–274,2 cm CT) e 36 indivíduos de sexo não identificado (68,8-256,1 cm CT). Um indivíduo em vida livre medindo 68,8 cm CT não apresentou marca de nascimento. O índice de porcentagem de erro médio (IAPE) estimado entre dois leitores variou de 0% a 7,69% (média= 3,88%) nas vértebras de espécimens com 1 e 14 pares de bandas, respectivamente. Ao analisar o incremento marginal relativo (IMR) não se verificou diferenças (p 0,05) entre os meses, logo assumiu-se a deposição de um anel anual como utilizado para as demais espécies da família Carcharhinidae, inclusive C. falciformis. Idades variaram de 0 a 20 anos. Não houve diferenças (p 0,05) no crescimento entre os sexos. Modelos derivados de von Bertalanffy, particularmente VBGM duas fases, melhor representou o crescimento para a espécie, que foi evidenciado pelo menor valor do critério de informação de Akaike. Parâmetros de crescimento estimado foram L = 303 cm, k = 0,086, t0= 4,71, h=0,17 e th=11,62 com o VBGM duas fases e L = 292 cm, k = 0,089, and t0= -4,87 com o VBGM. O VBGM foi utilizado para as demais análises. Machos e fêmeas maturam com 10,8 e 12,5 anos, respectivamente e a idade com que atingem 95% do L é 30,3 anos.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-17T13:31:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mirna Regina dos Santos Tambourgi.pdf: 973009 bytes, checksum: e1b23c1d9979ea2656cba5d134038e44 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-17T13:31:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mirna Regina dos Santos Tambourgi.pdf: 973009 bytes, checksum: e1b23c1d9979ea2656cba5d134038e44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-17 / In the period from December 2003 to December 2009, the reproductive tract were collected from 201 individuals of Carcharhinus longimanus, caught by of commercial tuna boats in the fleet, who were pelagic longline fisheries and hand line in the area located between latitudes 06 º 45'N and 23 ° 36'S and longitudes 018 ° 44'W and 053 º 13'W. Among the 201 individuals captured, 98 were females (74.5 – 227 cm TL) and 103 were males (72 – 242 cm TL) with a sexual proportion males to females of 1:1. Females were categorized as immature (N = 78; 74.5 – 170 cm TL), matures (N = 13; 165 – 223 cm TL), pré-ovulatory (N = 2; 181 – 187 cm CT) and pregnant (N = 5; 169 – 227 cm TL). The uterine fecundity ranged from 1 to 10 embryos. The cycle of pregnancy is annual with birth occurring at the end / beginning of the year. The size at first maturity of females was estimated at 170 cm TL. Of the 103 males captured, 75 were immature (72 to 160 cm TL), 8 maturing (170 - 196) and 20 were mature (160 - 242 cm TL). The size of sexual maturity was between 160 and 170 cm. / No período de dezembro de 2003 a dezembro de 2009, foram coletados os aparelhos reprodutores de 201 espécimes de Carcharhinus longimanus, capturados por meio de barcos da frota comercial atuneira, que realizaram pescarias com espinhel pelágico e linha de mão, na área localizada entre as latitudes 06º45’N e 23º36’S e as longitudes de 018º44’W e 053º13’W. Deste total, 98 eram fêmeas (74,5 a 170 cm CT), maduras (N= 13; 165 a 223 cm CT), pré-ovulatórias (N= 2; 181 e 187 cm CT) e prenhes (N= 5; 169 a 227 cm CT). A fecundidade ovariana variou de 1 a 10 folículos vitelogênicos e a uterina, de 1 a 10 embriões. O ciclo de gestação é anual com nascimento ocorrendo ao final/início do ano. O tamanho de primeira maturação das fêmeas desta espécie é de 170 cm CT. Dos 103 machos capturados, 75 eram imaturos (72 – 160 cm CT), 8 em maturação (170 - 196) e 20 eram maduros (160 – 242 cm CT). O tamanho de primeira maturação sexual entre 160 e 170 cm.