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SUMMARY Peculiarities of organizm to adaptation physical strain are very relevant problem to sport and its range. Relative narrow and particular purpose is raised in the solution of this problem: to estimate conception of professionals working in athletic club and those who goes in for sports there – abaut the importance of rest intervals in training for seeking result during the physical exercising also to ascertain the influence of rest intervals between physical strains to peculiarities of fast adaptacion. Results of the research are presented in this study; it joins together, first – results of survey of physical culture and sport also health professionals; second – results of survey of individuals who attends health strengthening training; third – results of survey of topical muscular blood circulation intensity during the time of rest intervals between physical strains; fourth – results of survey of functional condition index alternation during the rest intervals between physical strains. Results which were received showed, that people attending athletic club takes interest in optimal purport of training, though they are lacking in information about the lasting of rest intervals and its significance. In majority, trainers of health groups do not designate the time people must rest since the next repeat of exercise. Striving of wellbeing and pretty look are dominant reason of exercising people to attend trainings of healf strenthening. Other... [to full text]

Optimale Konservierungsmethoden sind erforderlich, um die bedarfsgerechte Verfügbarkeit kardiovaskulärer Transplantate für den Ersatz geschädigter Gewebe (Herzklappen oder Gefäße) zu garantieren. Die konventionelle Kryokonservierung (engl.: Conventional Frozen Cryopreservation, CFC) ist derzeit der Standard zur Konservierung kardiovaskulärer Allografts. Jedoch limitieren Immunreaktionen deren Langzeitfunktionalität. Die Alternative der eisfreien Kryokonservierung (engl.: Ice-free Cryopreservation, IFC) wurde kürzlich entwickelt. In der Arbeit wurde die Reaktion des humanen Immunsystems auf allogene kardiovaskuläre Gewebe nach Anwendung unterschiedlicher Konservierungsmethoden umfänglich charakterisiert. Zusätzlich wurde Glutaraldehyd (GA)-fixiertes Gewebe untersucht, um die Ergebnisse in den Gesamtkontext der Gewebekonservierung einzuordnen. Die Analyse des konservierten humanen Aortengewebes, welches als Modellmaterial diente, ergab, dass die Gewebestruktur nach IFC erhalten blieb, jedoch die metabolische Aktivität sowie Apoptose und Nekrose des Gewebes durch IFC reduziert wurde. Dies spiegelte sich auch in der verminderten Freisetzung von Zytokinen aus IFC-Gewebe wider. Funktionelle In-vitro-Tests zeigten deutlich, dass Immunzellen verstärkt in Richtung der löslichen Faktoren aus CFC- und GA-fixiertem Gewebe, jedoch nicht aus IFC-Gewebe migrieren. In Kokulturen der Makrophagen auf dem Aortengewebe konnte ausschließlich bei Makrophagen, welche auf GA-fixiertem Gewebe kultiviert wurden, eine Polarisation zum M1-Phänotyp festgestellt werden. Weiterhin zeigte sich, dass lediglich Faktoren des CFC-Gewebes in der Lage waren, die Aktivierung und Proliferation von T-Zellen zu verstärken. Insgesamt belegen diese Daten detailliert, dass IFC die Eigenschaften des Gewebes selektiv moduliert und dadurch eine verringerte Aktivierung des Immunsystems stattfindet. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass IFC eine aussichtsreiche Strategie zur verbesserten Konservierung darstellt. / Optimal preservation methods are needed, to ensure constant availability of biological matrices for the replacement of damaged cardiovascular structures (heart valves or vessels). Conventional frozen cryopreservation (CFC) is currently the gold standard for cardiovascular allograft preservation. However, inflammation and structural deterioration limit transplant durability. The recently developed method of Ice-free cryopreservation (IFC) might be a superior method. The aim of this study was to characterize the reaction of the human immune system to allogeneic cardiovascular tissues after different cryopreservation methods. Regarding some aspects, the cryopreservation was compared to glutaraldehyde (GA) fixation, which is another common tissue preservation method. Human aortic tissue served as a proof-of-principle material for heart valves and vascular allografts. First, the histological and metabolic features of the differently preserved aortic tissues were analyzed. Tissues preserved by IFC exhibited typical architecture but significantly lower metabolic activity and the absence of necrotic or apoptotic cells. The reduced release of cytokines from IFC-tissue reflected these latter observations. In functional in-vitro-assays it was shown that migration of immune cells was significantly enhanced by soluble factors from CFC and GA-fixed tissue, but not by factors from IFC-tissue. In co-cultures of macrophages on aortic tissue, none of the preserved tissue induced activation. Exclusively GA-fixed tissue triggered the polarization of macrophages towards a M1-phenotype. Moreover, cues from only CFC-tissue but not IFC-tissue amplified T cell activation and proliferation. In conclusion, IFC selectively modulates the characteristics of tissues resulting in an attenuated activation of the human immune system. Therefore, IFC treatment is a promising strategy for improved tissue preservation and storage of cardiovascular allografts for clinical use.

<p>Predictive modeling in healthcare involves the development of data-driven and computational models which can predict what will happen, be it for a single individual or for an entire system. The adoption of predictive models can guide various stakeholders’ decision-making in the healthcare sector, and consequently improve individual outcomes and the cost-effectiveness of care. With the rapid development in healthcare of big data and the Internet of Things technologies, research in healthcare decision-making has grown in both importance and complexity. One of the complexities facing those who would build predictive models is heterogeneity of patient populations, clinical practices, and intervention outcomes, as well as from diverse health systems. There are many sub-domains in healthcare for which predictive modeling is useful such as disease risk modeling, clinical intelligence, pharmacovigilance, precision medicine, hospitalization process optimization, digital health, and preventive care. In my dissertation, I focus on predictive modeling for applications that fit into three broad and important domains of healthcare, namely clinical practice, public health, and healthcare system. In this dissertation, I present three papers that present a collection of predictive modeling studies to address the challenge of modeling heterogeneity in health care. The first paper presents a decision-tree model to address clinicians’ need to decide among various liver cirrhosis diagnosis strategies. The second paper presents a micro-simulation model to assess the impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) to help decision makers at government agencies develop cost-effective food policies to prevent cardiovascular diseases, a public-health domain application. The third paper compares a set of data-driven prediction models, the best performing of which is paired together with interpretable machine learning to facilitate the coordination of optimization for hospital-discharged patients choosing skilled nursing facilities. This collection of studies addresses important modeling challenges in specific healthcare domains, and also broadly contribute to research in medical decision-making, public health policy and healthcare systems.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009 / Neste estudo, foi analisado o risco cardiovascular de trabalhadores administrativos de uma grande empresa do Rio de Janeiro. Para tanto, a Síndrome Metabólica foi considerada como marcador, por encerrar um conjunto de alterações associadas a um elevado risco de doença cardiovascular e/ou diabetes, tais como obesidade abdominal, resistência insulínica, dislipidemia e hipertensão arterial. Os critérios para Síndrome Metabólica da Organização Mundial de Saúde, do Programa Nacional de Educação para o Colesterol-Terceiro Painel para Tratamento do Adulto e da Federação Internacional de Diabetes foram utilizados para diagnóstico, assim como o algoritmo de Framingham foi calculado. Dados do exame médico periódico foram reunidos, no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2003 até dezembro de 2007. Dos 2.052 exames realizados em 2003, 1.260 foram considerados para análise por estarem completos. Um grupo de 123 trabalhadores foi diagnosticado pelo critério da Federação Internacional de Diabetes e acompanhado durante cinco anos. Estabeleceu-se a relação entre a síndrome e as diversas ocupações, bem como com o absenteísmo. A prevalênciade 9,7 por cento foi abaixo da encontrada na literatura. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos ocupacionais e, quanto ao absenteísmo, as faltas por problemas do aparelho circulatório foram a segunda causa mais importante. Verificou-se a baixa participação dos trabalhadores nos programas de saúde oferecidos. Os trabalhadores que realizaram exame médico periódico em 2007 foram diagnosticados pelos três critérios. A prevalência observada de 3,8 por cento com base no critério da Organização Mundial de Saúde; 16,6 por cento no Programa Nacional de Educação para o Colesterol-Terceiro Painel para Tratamento do Adulto e 16,3 por cento na Federação Internacional de Diabetes, novamente, foi abaixo da encontrada na literatura. O algoritmo de Framingham foi calculado e ao considerar a Síndrome Metabólica como fator agravante, quintuplicou-se a parcela de trabalhadores em alto risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Esse grupo necessita abordagem especial para tratamento médico e modificação do estilo de vida, a fim de reduzir o risco de incapacidade ou morte prematura. / In this dissertation the cardiovascular risk among office workers from a large company in Rio de Janeiro was studied. So, the Metabolic Syndrome was considered as a marker because it is associated with a clustering of components that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and/or diabetes, like abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and elevated blood pressure. Among the several Metabolic Syndrome criteria the following three were used: World Health Organization, National Cholesterol Education Program - Third Adult Treatment Panel, and International Diabetes Federation. Also the Framingham Risk Score was calculated for this population and combined to the Metabolic Syndrome in order to improve the overall cardiovascular risk marker. Data were collected from the periodic medical examination between January 2003 and December 2007. From 2.052 exams realized in 2003, 1.260 were considered. A group of 123 workers was diagnosed with Metabolic Syndrome using the International Diabetes Federation criteria and followed during five years. The prevalence found of 9,7% was lower than the one reported in the literature. The Metabolic Syndrome prevalence was uniformly distributed between the different occupational groups in the company. Circulatory disorders were the second cause for lost workdays. Poor participation in the health programs available was observed. The workers who were submitted to the periodic medical examination in 2007 were diagnosed using the three criteria. The prevalence found were the following: World Health Organization - 3,8%; National Cholesterol Education Program- Third Adult Treatment Panel - 16,6%; and International Diabetes Federation - 16,3%. All the three were lower than the one reported in the literature. When the Metabolic Syndrome was added to the Framingham Risk Score as a grievance factor, a 5-fold increase in workers with high risk of cardiovascular disease was observed. This group is in need of a special approach for medical treatment and lifestyle change, in order to reduce disability and premature death.