Esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a viabilidade e qualidade in vitro do concentrado de hemácias felino (CHF), colhido e armazenado em bolsas e produtos nacionais, remanufaturadas, pelo Laboratório de Hemoterapia do Serviço de Anestesia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, de acordo com normas definidas por órgãos regulamentadores como a ANVISA. Foram analisados parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos de 24 unidades de CHF nos dias 0, 14 e 21 de armazenamento. Utilizou-se sistema fechado para colheita e armazenamento do sangue com solução de anticoagulante-preservativa CPDA-1. A avaliação consistiu na mensuração de porcentagem de hematócrito, hemoglobina total, hemoglobina extracelular, porcentagem de hemólise, concentrações de potássio, lactato, glicose, ATP, pH, bicarbonato, pressão de CO2 e O2, inspeção visual da bolsa e cultura microbiológica aeróbia e anaeróbia. Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados estatisticamente por meio de testes paramétricos, sendo que as determinações de hematócrito, hemoglobina total não apresentaram variação significante nos 21 dias de preservação, enquanto os de potássio, lactato, pO2 aumentaram gradativamente de forma significante. Os níveis de ATP, glicose, pH, bicarbonato e pCO2 reduziram de forma significante com o decorrer do tempo. Não houve alteração à inspeção visual das bolsas de sangue, nem crescimento de microorganismos nas culturas realizadas. Por meio destas avaliações constatouse que o sistema remanufaturado com produtos nacionais pode ser empregado com segurança para obtenção de sangue felino tendo-se em vista que se manteve estéril, com eficiente conservação do concentrado de hemácias felino em CPDA-1 até o 21º dia de armazenamento. / This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and quality of in vitro feline packed red blood cells (CHF), harvested and stored in bags and domestic products, manufactured, Hematology Laboratory at the Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, according to standards set by regulatory bodies such as ANVISA. Were analyzed biochemical and hematological parameters 24 units of CHF on days 0, 14 and 21 of storage. We used a closed system for collection and storage of blood with preservative-anticoagulant solution CPDA-1. The evaluation consisted in measuring percentage of hematocrit, total hemoglobin, extracellular hemoglobin, percentage of hemolysis, potassium concentrations, lactate, glucose, ATP, pH, bicarbonate, CO2 and O2 pressure, visual inspection of the bag and aerobic and anaerobic microbiological culture . The results were statistically analyzed using parametric tests, and determinations of hematocrit, total hemoglobin showed no significant variation within 21 days of preservation, while potassium lactate, pO2 gradually increased significantly. ATP levels, glucose, pH, pCO2 and bicarbonate decreased significantly with time. There was no change to the visual inspection of blood bags, or growth of microorganisms in the cultures performed. Through these evaluations it was found that the system refilled with domestic products can be used safely for obtaining blood feline bearing in mind that remained sterile, efficient storage of red blood cells feline in CPDA-1 until the 21 th days of storage.

Orientador: Júlio Carlos Canola / Banca: Fabrício Singaretti de Oliveira / Banca: Márcia Rita Fernandes Machado / Resumo: Doenças sinonasais são comuns em pequenos animais, todavia o diagnóstico definitivo é difícil de ser estabelecido pela similaridade dos sinais clínicos das enfermidades que acometem a cavidade nasal e os seios paranasais, além da limitação dos métodos de diagnóstico. A imagem adquirida com a radiografia apresenta sobreposição de estruturas anatômicas. A tomografia computadorizada (TC) permite o estudo do corpo em planos, onde as estruturas internas podem ser visibilizadas diretamente. Estudos em que foram comparadas as imagens radiográficas e de TC da cabeça de gatos, em sua maioria, confrontaram dados de tomografias arquivadas com achados radiográficos de exames feitos em grupos distintos de animais. Com este estudo objetivou-se descrever os achados radiográficos e tomográficos de imagens obtidas da cabeça de um grupo de dez gatos mestiços, adultos, com sinais clínicos crônicos de rinite e sinusite. As alterações visibilizadas nas imagens radiográficas e de TC foram aumento de opacidade dos seios frontais e da cavidade nasal e envolvimento de estruturas extra sinonasais. Foram observados ainda nas imagens de TC desvio do septo nasal e destruição de turbinados nasais e de ossos da face. O reduzido comprimento facial do gato, associado à sobreposição de tecidos que ocorre nas radiografias de cabeça, limitam a avaliação da cavidade nasal, seios frontais e bulas timpânicas. Entretanto, o conhecimento anatomoradiográfico da cabeça permite identificar a maioria das alterações encontradas no exame de TC. / Abstract: Sinonasal diseases are common in small animals, however is difficult to establish a definitive diagnosis due clinical signals are similar in different diseases of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and the diagnostic methods are limited. The image acquired with the radiographic presents overlapping of anatomical structures. Computed tomography (CT) is a technique that allows the study of the body in slices, generating images without overlapping of anatomical structures. Studies have compared radiographic and CT images of feline head, however radiographic and CT images were acquire to different groups of animals. The aim of this study was to describe the aspects of radiographic and tomographic images acquired to the head of a group of ten adults mixed-breed mixed-breed cats, with chronic signals of rhinitis and sinusitis. The findings in radiographic and CT images in this study were opacification of frontal sinuses and nasal cavity, and extrasinonasal involvement. In CT, were observed nasal septal deviation, turbinate destruction and nasal bony changes. The small facial length of the cat, associated with tissue superimposition that commonly occurs in head radiographs, restrict nasal cavity, frontal sinus and timpanic bullae evaluation. However, the anatomoradiographic knowledge of the head allows the identification of most alterations found at CT examination. / Mestre

Registros de Câncer são sistemas padronizados, flexíveis e multicêntricos para coleta de dados de pacientes com neoplasias, permitindo a obtenção de dados epidemiológicos de alta qualidade a um baixo custo. Eles podem ser de base populacional, abrangendo todos os casos de uma área geográfica delimitada, possibilitando calcular sua incidência e sobrevida, quanto de base hospitalar, coletando dados sobre o paciente para uso em pesquisa, educação continuada e melhoria dos atendimentos. Essas abordagens, na Medicina Veterinária, tiveram início na década de 60 com o Kansas Animal Tumor Registry (1961) e com o California Animal Tumor Registry (1963). Desde então, outras iniciativas similares surgiram nos Estados Unidos, Canadá, Noruega, Dinamarca, Suécia e Reino Unido. Esses registros, concentrados no Hemisfério Norte, não existem ainda na América Latina. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade de implantação de um Registro de Câncer Animal na cidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Elaborou-se um registro piloto para permitir entender a sua viabilidade em larga escala quanto Sistema de Informação em Saúde. Foram desenvolvidos identidade, logotipo, formulários de admissão e seguimento, e um software especializado, o SIRCA-SP, para o funcionamento do Registro de Câncer Animal de São Paulo (RCA-SP). O fluxo de informação foi planejado para que a coleta pudesse ser realizada de forma multicêntrica, padronizada e sigilosa. A análise preliminar dos dados permite entender as características da distribuição local do câncer e o potencial do RCA-SP. O estudo de viabilidade foi realizado através de parâmetros definidos pelo Center for Diseases Control, Atlanta, EUA. O RCA-SP foi criado, em 2013, como um registro de base hospitalar que coleta informações sobre cães e gatos diagnosticados com câncer a partir de janeiro de 2012 em hospitais, clínicas e serviços autônomos veterinários sediados na cidade de São Paulo. O software SIRCA-SP foi desenvolvido para otimizar e garantir a qualidade dos dados coletados, consolidados e armazenados pelo RCA-SP. O sistema possui interface amigável e pode ser acessado via internet. Os formulários foram padronizados e geram dados comparáveis aos outros Registros de Câncer em animais e humanos. Avaliação preliminar dos dados demonstra predomínio, nos 645 casos registrados de cães (96,58%) e de fêmeas (80,15%). As localizações de câncer mais comuns foram em glândula mamária (63,88%), pele (17,98%) e em órgãos genitais (5,43%). O sistema demonstrou ser simples, flexível, bem aceito, oportuno e útil. A sua representatividade, por ser projeto piloto, é pequena, mas tenderá a aumentar com adesão de novas fontes notificadoras. O sistema não possui mecanismos de garantia de sua exaustividade. Algumas soluções como o sistema de pré-verificação de inclusão, projetado para evitar entrada duplicada de dados, e a integração entre prontuário eletrônico e os campos de interesse epidemiológico auxiliam na distribuição de responsabilidades do registro aos usuários e, consequente, diminuição de custos operacionais. A implantação de um Registro de Câncer Animal na cidade de São Paulo mostrou-se viável e a coleta multicêntrica é realizada de forma contínua e ininterrupta / Cancer Registries are flexible, multicentric and standardized systems to collect data from patients with neoplasia, allowing the epidemiological registry of high quality data, at low cost. They can be classified as population-based, covering all cases in a defined geographical area, allowing incidence and survival calculation, or, hospital-based, collecting data about the patient for research, continuing education and improvement of care. Those approaches started in Veterinary Medicine in the 60’s, with the Kansas Animal Tumor Registry (1961) and the California Animal Tumor Registry (1963). Since then, other similar initiatives have emerged in United States, Canada, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Italy and United Kingdom. Those registries, concentrated in North Hemisphere, were absent in Latin America up to now. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of implementing an Animal Cancer Registry in Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. A pilot cancer registry system was developed to allow understanding its feasibility, in large scale, as a Health Information System. An identity, logo, admission and follow-up forms were developed, and a specialized software, the SIRCA-SP, for Sao Paulo Animal Cancer Registry (RCA-SP) operation was standardized. An information flow was planned, so that the collection could be performed in a multicentric, standardized and confidential way. Preliminary analysis of the data allowed the understanding of local cancer distribution characteristics and the RCA-SP potential. The feasibility study was perform using parameters defined by the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, USA. The RCA-SP, created in 2013, is a hospital-based cancer registry, which collects information about dogs and cats diagnosed with cancer since January 2012 in hospitals, clinics and veterinary autonomous services in Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. The SIRCA-SP was designed to optimize and ensure the quality of data collection, consolidation and storing by RCA-SP. The system has a friendly interface and can be access via Internet. The forms were standardized and generate data comparable to other cancer registries in animals and humans. Preliminary survey data shows predominance, in the 645 cases, of dogs (96.58%) and females (80.15%). The most common cancer location were mammary gland (63.88%), skin (17.98%) and genitals (5.43%). The system proved to be simple, flexible, well accepted, timely and useful. As a pilot study, its representativeness is still small, but tends to increase with the accession of new reporting sources. The system has no assurance mechanisms of their completeness. Some solutions such, as the pre-verification tool, designed to avoid duplicated entries, and the electronic medical records integration with the standard epidemiological fields, share the fields to assist in the distribution of registry responsibilities to users and, consequently, decrease operating costs. The implementation of an Animal Cancer Registry in São Paulo proved to be feasible, and the multicentric collection is ready to be carried out continuously and uninterruptedly

O tumor mamário é a terceira neoplasia mais incidente na espécie felina, seguida das neoplasias hematopoiéticas e cutâneas. Nos gatos, diferentemente do observado em cães e humanos, cerca de 85 a 95% dos tumores mamários são malignos e a doença tende a apresentar um comportamento mais agressivo. Desta forma, parâmetros clínico-epidemiológicos, patológicos e moleculares têm sido propostos como fatores prognósticos nesta espécie, porém os resultados ainda são controversos. Recentemente, uma nova classificação molecular foi proposta nesta doença em felinos, na qual foram estabelecidos seis subtipos moleculares de acordo com o St. Gallen International Expert Consensus Panel para humanos. Assim, o presente estudo teve como principal objetivo investigar o valor prognóstico de parâmetros clínico-patológicos e dos subtipos moleculares no carcinoma mamário em felinos. Foram analisados 65 tumores, provenientes de 42 gatas atendidas em hospitais veterinários públicos e particulares. Os tumores foram submetidos à análise histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica para os receptores de estrógeno e progesterona, HER-2, Ki67 e citoqueratina 5/6. Os parâmetros clinico-patológicos foram correlacionados com a sobrevida pelo teste de Log-rank (p<0,05). Os tipos histológicos mais frequentes foram os carcinomas tubulopapilares, sólidos e cribiformes, a maioria graduados como grau II. Em relação aos subtipos moleculares, os tumores foram classificados em triplo negativo normal-like (35,4%), triplo negativo basal-like (29,1%), HER-2 positivo (25%) e Luminais A e B (10,5%). Em relação aos fatores prognósticos, animais com idade superior a 12 anos (p=0,0036) e com tumores ulcerados (p=0,0139) demonstraram correlação significativa com menor tempo de sobrevida. Os parâmetros raça, status reprodutivo, uso de anticoncepcional, tratamento, tamanho e volume tumorais, multiplicidade tumoral, morfologia, grau histológico, índice de proliferação e os subtipos moleculares não apresentaram correlação com a sobrevida. Os resultados demonstrados aqui ressaltam a importância da correlação clínica, patológica e molecular na determinação dos fatores prognósticos e, consequentemente, no desenvolvimento de novos procedimentos e alvos terapêuticos. / The mammary tumor is the third most frequent neoplasm in the feline species, followed by hematopoietic and cutaneous neoplasms. In cats, unlike that observed in dogs and humans, about 85 to 95% of mammary tumors are malignant and the disease tends to present more aggressive behavior. In this way, clinical-epidemiological, pathological and molecular parameters have been proposed as prognostic factors in this species, but the results are still controversial. Recently, a new molecular classification was proposed in this feline disease, in which six molecular subtypes were established according to \"St. Gallen International Expert Consensus Panel \"for humans. Thus, the present study had as main objective to investigate the prognostic value of clinical-pathological parameters and molecular subtypes in mammary carcinoma in felines. A total of 65 tumors were analyzed, from 42 cats treated in public and private veterinary hospitals. Tumors were submitted to histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis for the estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER-2, Ki67 and cytokeratin 5/6. The clinical-pathological parameters were correlated with survival by the log-rank test (p <0.05). The most frequent histological types were tubulopapillary carcinomas, solid and cribiform, commonly grade II. Tumors were classified as \"normal-like\" (35.4%), triple negative \"basal-like\" (29.1%), HER-2 positive (25%) and Luminais A And B (10.5%). Regarding the prognostic factors, animals aged over 12 years (p = 0.0036) and ulcerated tumors (p = 0.0139) showed a significant correlation with a shorter survival time. The parameters race, reproductive status, use of contraceptive, treatment, tumor size and volume, tumor multiplicity, morphology, histological grade, proliferation index and molecular subtypes had no correlation with survival. The results demonstrated here emphasize the importance of clinical, pathological and molecular correlation in the determination of prognostic factors and, consequently, in the development of new procedures and therapeutic targets.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-Thais Ribeiro Correia.pdf: 769614 bytes, checksum: dc53e7ee3e823c6268372508d266efaa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the activity of the neonicotinoid dinotefuran on the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis felis. Fleas used in controlled and in vitro tests were obtained from a colony maintained at Laboratory of Development of Parasiticide Products (LDPP), and the Beagle dogs used for the controlled tests were kept at the same place. Five concentrations of dinotefuran, 0.2085, 0.417, 0.834, 1.668 and 3.336%, were evaluated for in vitro activity on eggs and adults of C. felis felis. Dinotefuran did show low activity on flea eggs, but showed efficacy on adult fleas. Two formulations of dinotefuran were titulated. For spray formulation, 0.834% was selected and for strip-on formulation, 30% was selected. Later, the efficacy of two strip-on formulations, one containing 30% dinotefuran and other with 30% dinotefuran plus 2.575% pyriproxyfen, were evaluated in the control of fleas on dogs. Dogs were infested with 100 adult fleas and evaluated after 48 hours. The efficacy was to 99.5 and 100% for day 1 declining to 76.1 and 72.2% on day 35, respectively. Two spray formulations, one with 0.834% dinotefuran and other with 0.834% dinotefuran plus 0.148% pyriproxyfen, were tested for the control of fleas on dogs. Dogs were infested and evaluated after 48 hours. The efficacy was 100% on day 1 for both formulations, reducing for 66.6% on day 28 and 59.4% on day 35, respectively. Four formulations previously described were tested on naturally infested housed kept-dogs from Serop?dica City, RJ. Animals were evaluated weekly. The efficacies were 95.2 on day 7 and 91.4% on day 56 for the spray formulation with dinotefuran; and 100% on day 7 and 88.1% on day 56 for the spray association. For dinotefuran strip-on were 98.5% on day 7 and 74% on day 56; and 100% on day 7 and 81.1% on day 56 for strip-on association. Residual activity of treated dog s hair with dinotefuran on eggs, larvae and adults of fleas were evaluated. One dog was treated with 0.834% dinotefuran spray, other dog was treated with 30% dinotefuran strip-on and the third was not treated. Some areas of dog s hair were clipped on days 2, 16, 23, 30, 37 and 44 after treatment. For the evaluation of adulticidal, larvicidal and ovicidal activities were used adults, larvae and eggs from the laboratory colony. Six repetitions were used with 10 specimens of each flea stage per day, placed in assay tubes. In each repetition were added 0.02 g of treated or untreated dog s hair and larval diet for immature stages. The adulticidal activity was evaluated during 24 hours, the larvae 20 days after treatment and the eggs 72 after challenge. The residue on hair of both treated dogs showed efficacy on the larval control for 44 days and on egg control at day 2. Regarding the adults control the spray and strip-on formulations showed efficacy until days 16 and 23, respectively. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade do neonicotin?ide dinotefuran sobre Ctenocephalides felis felis. As pulgas utilizadas nos testes in vitro e nos testes controlados foram da col?nia mantida no Laborat?rio de Desenvolvimento de Produtos Parasiticidas (LDPP) da UFRRJ, e os nos testes controlados foram utilizados c?es Beagle oriundos do canil de experimenta??o mantido nas mesmas depend?ncias. Em um teste in vitro foram avaliadas as efic?cias de cinco concentra??es de dinotefuran, 0,2085; 0,417; 0,834, 1,668 e 3,336%, sobre ovos e adultos de C. felis felis. O dinotefuran apresentou atividade parcial sobre os ovos de C. felis felis, por?m se mostrou eficaz no controle de adultos. Duas formula??es de dinotefuran foram tituladas. Das concentra??es testadas para a formula??o spray (0,417; 0,834 e 1,668%), a selecionada foi a de 0,834%, e para a formula??o strip-on (25, 30 e 35%) foi a de 30%. Posteriormente, em um teste controlado, foram avaliadas as efic?cias de duas formula??es strip-on , uma contendo dinotefuran a 30% e outra o mesmo associado ao piriproxifen a 2,575%, no controle de adultos de C. felis felis em c?es Beagle. Os c?es foram infestados semanalmente com 100 pulgas adultas oriundas da col?nia e avaliados ap?s 48 horas. As efic?cias foram de 99,5 e 100% no dia +1 declinando para 76,1 e 72,2% no dia +35, respectivamente. Duas formula??es spray, uma contendo dinotefuran a 0,834% e outra o mesmo associado ao piriproxifen a 0,148%, tamb?m foram avaliadas. As efic?cias foram de 100% no dia +1 para as duas formula??es, declinando para 66,6% no dia +28 e para 59,4% no dia +35, respectivamente para a formula??o contendo apenas dinotefuran e a associa??o. As quatro formula??es citadas anteriormente foram testadas em n?vel de campo em c?es infestados naturalmente domiciliados no Munic?pio de Serop?dica, RJ. Para a formula??o spray contendo apenas dinotefuran, a efic?cia foi de 95,2% no dia +7 e de 91,4% no dia +56. J? para formula??o associada, a efic?cia foi de 100% no dia +7 e de 88,1% no dia +56. Para a formula??o strip-on contendo apenas o dinotefuran, a efic?cia foi de 98,5% no dia +7 e de 74% no dia +56, e para associa??o a efic?cia foi de 100% no dia +7 e de 81,1% no dia +49. Foram avaliadas as atividades adulticida, larvicida e ovicida do res?duo no p?lo de c?es tratados com as formula??es spray e strip-on . Pequenas ?reas do corpo do c?o foram tricotomizadas nos dias 2, 9, 16, 23, 30, 37 e 44 ap?s o tratamento. Seis repeti??es com 10 exemplares cada, acondicionados em tubos de ensaio, da etapa correspondente foram utilizados por dia de desafio, e acrescidos de 0,02g de p?lo tratado ou n?o. O res?duo no p?lo de c?es tratados com ambas as formula??es de dinotefuran foi eficaz no controle de ovos apenas no dia +2, para larvas por at? 44 dias, e no controle de adultos as formula??es spray e a strip-on foram eficazes por um per?odo de 16 e 23 dias, respectivamente.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-11T21:48:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Patr?cia de Pinho e Souza Souza.pdf: 538207 bytes, checksum: 8ed2985bb737e29762d7f0ad26645bba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T21:48:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Patr?cia de Pinho e Souza Souza.pdf: 538207 bytes, checksum: 8ed2985bb737e29762d7f0ad26645bba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-25 / CAPES / With increased life expectancy of cats, age-related problems also begin to increase, including increased behavior problems. Among the behavioral problems in cats can cite feline cognitive dysfunction (DCF), a disease very similar to Alzheimer's in humans. The semalhan?as go beyond behavior such as disorientation, social interaction / environmental disorder of sleep and wakefulness, hygiene and change the activity. The semelhana?as are also in the neuropathological changes. Nowadays the diagnosis of HD is made after excluding all differential diagnoses, which may cause the same behavioral changes. These diagnoses are made by clinical examination, laboratory tests, CT, MRI and others, but the final diagnosis can only be closed by a biopsy of brain tissue, which allows virtually no owner. Therefore, despite a growing number of elderly cats with behavioral problems, the DCF is underdiagnosed, because the vast majority of owners do not report these changes to the veterinarian, because I think it is old age and has no how to improve the living condition of the patient. So this work would bring a simple questionnaire easy to understand for the owner, which contains questions about changes in your pet's behavior that only those who live with him could answer, so we can do a levantameto Brazilian reality regarding DCF, also know what age we see an increase in behavioral changes, changes which are more common if we have correlation with gender, age, residence, has ascesso the street, whether it is full or catrados. In this case 129 cats participated in the survey are grouped into 3 major groups animals aged 7 to 11 years, between 11 and 14 years and above 15 years. And these groups were further divided into animals without alteration suggestive of DCF with 21.7% of the cats of all ages, animals with 1 to 3 changes consistent with DCF being 31% of feline animals with 3-6 changes consistent with DCF 34.9% of cats and animals with over 7 changes being compatible with DCF 12.4% of the animals. Where we can most frequent signs sleep much during the day, fights with other animals, sad when alone, looking at nothing. It was quite evident that the older the cat is more chance of it developing this disease and be more severe. And that race, sex, residence, or if he was neutered whole had no relationship with DCF. / Com o aumento da expectativa de vida dos felinos, problemas relacionados ? idade tamb?m come?am a aumentar, inclusive o aumento de problemas comportamentais. Entre os problemas comportamentais nos gatos podemos citar a disfun??o cognitiva felina (DCF), doen?a muito semelhante ao Mal de Alzheimer em humanos. As semalhan?as v?o al?m do comportamento como: desorienta??o, intera??o s?cio/ambiental, dist?rbio de sono e vig?lia, higiene e altera??o da atividade. As semelhana?as tamb?m est?o nas altera??es neuropatol?gicas. Hoje em dia o diagnostico da DCF ? feito depois de excluir todos os diagn?sticos diferenciais, que possa causar as mesmas altera??es comportamentais. Esses diagn?sticos s?o feitos atrav?s de exames cl?nicos, laboratoriais, tomografia, resson?ncia magn?tica entre outros; mas o diagn?stico final s? pode ser fechado por uma bi?psia de tecido cerebral, o que praticamente nenhum propriet?rio permite fazer. Por isso, apesar de haver um n?mero cada vez maior de gatos idosos com problemas comportamentais, a DCF ? subdiagnosticada, at? porque a grande maioria dos propriet?rios n?o relata essas mudan?as para o m?dico veterin?rio, por achar que se trata de velhice e que n?o tem como melhorar a condi??o de vida do paciente. Ent?o este trabalho quis trazer um question?rio simples de f?cil entendimento para o propriet?rio, que cont?m perguntas sobre altera??es de comportamento do seu animal que somente quem convive com ele poderia responder, para que possamos fazer um levantameto da realidade brasileira com rela??o DCF, saber tamb?m com que idade vemos um aumento das altera??es comportamentais, quais altera??es s?o mais comuns, se temos correla??o com sexo, idade, moradia, se tem ascesso a rua, se ? catrados ou inteiro. Neste caso 129 gatos participaram da pesquisa sendo agrupados em 3 grandes grupos os animais com idades entre 7 a 11 anos, entre 11 a 14 anos e acima de 15 anos. E esses grupos ainda foram divididos em animais sem altera??o sugestiva de DCF com 21,7% dos felinos de todas as idades, animais com 1 a 3 altera??es compat?veis com DCF sendo 31% dos felinos, animais com 3 a 6 altera??es compat?veis com DCF com 34,9% dos gatos e animais com mais de 7 altera??es compat?veis com DCF sendo 12,4% dos animais. Onde temos como sinais mais frequentes dormir muito durante o dia, briga com outros animais, triste quando sozinho, olha para o nada. Ficou bem evidente que quanto mais idoso for o felino maior a chance dele desenvolver da doen?a e desta ser mais grave. E que ra?a, sexo, moradia, se ele era castrado ou inteiro n?o tiveram rela??o com a DCF.

The primary research aims of this thesis were to analyse the mechanism of Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) signalling during conidial germination and conidial anastomosis tube (CAT)-mediated fusion in Neurospora crassa. Ca2+ is an ubiquitous signalling molecule that regulates many important processes in filamentous fungi including spore germination, hyphal growth, mechanosensing, stress responses, circadian rhythms, and the virulence of pathogens. Transient increases in cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]c) act as intracellular signals. As the primary intracellular Ca2+ receptor, calmodulin (CaM) converts these Ca2+ signals into responses by regulating the activities of numerous target proteins. Ca2+-free medium, antagonists of L-type Ca2+ channels, CaM and calcineurin were found to inhibit CAT fusion. In addition, my results showed that CAT chemotropism is dependent on extracellular Ca2+. 65 genes were identified as likely components of the Ca2+ signalling machinery of N. crassa based on a comparative genomic analysis of S. cerevisiae, A. fumigatus and C. albicans. Deletion mutants of 29 of these genes were characterized in relation to their possible roles during colony initiation and development. Four of these mutants (Δcna-1, Δcnb-1, Δcamk-1, Δplc-2, and Δrgs-1), which were homokaryons, exhibited strong morphological phenotypes associated with CAT fusion. To identify the protein machinery involved in Ca2+/CaM signalling during colony initiation, proteins that directly or indirectly interacted with CaM were isolated from germlings by immunoprecipitation and analyzed by mass spectroscopy. A total of 286 putative Ca2+/CaM-interacting proteins were identified in this way and 30 of these proteins contained CaM-binding motifs. This proteomics analysis provided evidence for Ca2+/CaM signalling playing a role in regulating the activity of a wide range of proteins including MAP kinases in the cell integrity pathway, Ras/Rho signalling pathway, and microtubule and actin cytoskeletal proteins. GFP labelled CaM localized as dynamic spots associated with the plasma membrane and cytoplasm in both germ tubes and CATs. Significant CaM accumulation was observed in the tips of CATs growing towards each other, around fusion pores at sites of CAT fusion, and at developing septa in germ tubes. CaM localization was influenced by the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton during the colony initiation. Inhibition of F-actin polymerization with latrunculin-A suppressed the pronounced accumulation of CaM at growing germ tube and CAT tips. The movement of CaM associated with spindle pole bodies was prevented by treatment with the microtubule polymerization inhibitor benomyl. The absence of myo-5 resulted in reduced CAT fusion and the lack recruitment of CaM at growing tips indicating a role for the motor protein, myosin-5, in these processes. Finally, by expressing the genetically encoded Ca2+ sensor GCaMP6s under the control of tef-1 promoter in N. crassa, I have been able to image [Ca2+]c dynamics in this fungus for the first time. Using this I have been able to detect localized [Ca2+]c spikes and waves in conidia, germ tubes and CATs. However, I obtained no clear evidence for localized [Ca2+]c changes being associated with CAT chemotropism or fusion.

O curto tempo de armazenamento dos hemocomponentes é um dos fatores que dificulta e limita a quantidade de sangue que pode ser efetivamente armazenada, o que é uma desvantagem na medicina veterinária, pois o acesso a doadores é restrito e a demanda é contínua e cada vez maior na prática de clínicas e hospitais veterinários. Durante o armazenamento do sangue em baixas temperaturas, seja sob a forma de sangue total ou concentrado de eritrócitos, há uma queda intensa de metabólitos importantes para a viabilidade e funcionalidade dos eritrócitos. O desenvolvimento de meios e soluções de preservação sanguínea possibilitou o armazenamento dos eritrócitos e, consequentemente, facilitou o trabalho dos bancos de sangue. Portanto, a busca por melhores formas e soluções para preservação capazes de evitar ou diminuir estes efeitos prejudiciais durante o seu armazenamento é contínua, para que ao final se obtenha uma melhor qualidade do sangue transfundido. O presente trabalho avaliou o concentrado de eritrócitos felino armazenado na solução de CPDA-1 e CPD/SAGM durante 35 dias. Os dados laboratoriais foram comparados entre grupos e ao longo do tempo. Neste experimento foram utilizadas 10 bolsas de concentrado de eritrócitos felino divididos em dois grupos de cinco para avaliação de cada um dos aditivos. Os parâmetros laboratoriais K+, Na+, Cl-, lactato, HCO3-, amônia, glicose e pH foram avaliados nos dias 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 após a coleta. Vários parâmetros (K+, lactato, HCO3, glicose e cloreto) demonstraram que a solução CPD/SAGM manteve o metabolismo energético do eritrócito mais estável. Com este trabalho, foi possível entender melhor as alterações metabólicas sofridas pelos eritrócitos felinos durante o armazenamento. Concluímos que, apesar da solução CPD/SAGM se mostrar mais eficaz in vitro, são necessários mais estudos com relação aos hemocomponentes em gatos e à sua viabilidade pós-transfusional. / The short shelf life of blood products is one factor that complicates and limits the amount of blood that can be effectively stored, and it is a disadvantage in veterinary practice, because the access to donors is restricted and the demand is continuous and increasing at veterinary clinics and hospitals. During blood storage at low temperatures, either as whole blood or as packed red cells, there is a significant decrease of metabolites that are important for the viability and functionality of erythrocytes. The development of blood preservation solutions has enabled the storage of red blood cells and improved the service at the blood banks. Therefore, the search for better ways and blood preservation solutions to avoid or reduce these harmful effects during the storage conditions is continuous, in order to obtain the best blood product to be transfused. This study evaluated 10 bags of feline erythrocyte concentrate divided into two groups, stored in CPDA-1 and CPD/SAGM solutions during 35 days. The laboratory data were compared between groups and over time. K+, Na+, Cl-, lactate, HCO3-, ammonia, glucose and pH were assessed on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 after collection. On various parameters (K+, Cl-, HCO3-, glucose and lactate) solution of CPD/SAGM kept the energy metabolism of red blood cells more stable. With these results we can better understand the biochemical changes of feline erythrocytes during storage. We conclude that, although the CPD/SAGM solution shown to be more effective, more studies are needed to improve knowledge of feline blood components and post-transfusion viability.

Purpose: A systematic review and meta-analysis tested the 'paranoia as a defence' model's original prediction that those experiencing persecutory delusions would take excessive credit for positive events as part of an attributional style that protects them from low self-esteem. The empirical project explored forensic mental health nurses' experiences of a Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) training programme with an emphasis on complex case conceptualisation and implications for clinical practice. Methods: In relation to the systematic review and meta-analysis, those experiencing persecutory delusions were compared to those with non-paranoid psychosis, depression, and healthy controls, in terms of the magnitude of internalising attributional bias (IAB) for positive events. Correlation analysis also examined the association between magnitude of IAB and paranoia severity. In the empirical study, 10 forensic mental health nurses took part in semi-structured interviews to qualitatively explore their experiences and applications of CAT training. Results: Consistent with the model, an internalising attributional bias was present for those experiencing paranoid delusions when compared to individuals with depression. Contrary to the model, there were no differences between the other control groups and there was no significant correlation between IAB and paranoia severity. Internal attributions for positive events appear to be associated with depression, rather than paranoia. Analysis of the empirical data provided a rich account of nurses' experiences of the CAT training and how this helped them to conceptualise complex patients and promoted more positive ways of working. Conclusions: The findings from the systematic review and meta-analysis do not support the original model, but are consistent with the modified 'paranoia as a defence' model of persecutory delusions. Other cognitive models also help explain paranoia suggesting that refining the existing models further could be useful. The empirical findings suggest that CAT could be a valuable model of psychologically informed practice for nurses working in a forensic setting. Specifically, training appeared to help nurses develop a better understanding of their patients, greater self-reflection skills, and improved clinical care approaches.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF MARCUS C. ABSTON, for the Master of Science degree in ZOOLOGY, presented on 18 April 2017, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: EFFECTS OF OLFACTORY ENRICHMENT ON AFRICAN CHEETAHS (ACINONYX JUBATUS) MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Carey Krajewski Environmental enrichment has been an essential part of felid husbandry in zoos, serving to reduce both physiological and psychological stress. Olfactory enrichment is one of many interventions used to prevent stereotypic behavior caused by stress in felids. However, little research has been done on this practice. The purpose of this study was to compare behavioral responses of four captive African cheetahs to six types of commercial fragrances used as olfactory enrichment stimuli. Three of these fragrances are marketed as “men’s cologne” and three as “women’s perfume”. The fragrances were also categorized as musky, spice, and floral types. Behavioral responses were recorded by live observations during 36 bouts at the St. Louis Zoo. There was a significant difference between cheetahs’ interaction time with male and female fragrances; they seemed to prefer male colognes. However, there was no significant difference in interaction time among fragrance types. Engagement behaviors varied among individuals (e.g. sniffing, scent rolling, pawing), but were similar to those reported by previous authors. These findings suggest that commercial fragrances may be a useful option for African cheetah olfactory enrichment.