Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-04-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:43:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 steagall_pvm_dr_botfm.pdf: 393562 bytes, checksum: 5728f72f985284dda5f8f079a19a7e0a (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos antinociceptivos da buprenorfina em gatos, quando administrada em diferentes doses pela via intravenosa (IV), e também por diferentes vias de administração, por meio da mensuração do limiar nociceptivo térmico (LNT) e mecânico (LNM) num estudo cruzado, cego e aleatório. O estímulo nociceptivo térmico (LNT) foi realizado por meio de um dispositivo justaposto a um mangüito de pressão neonatal, posicionado ao redor do tórax do gato por uma cinta elástica. O estímulo nociceptivo mecânico foi realizado por meio de um bracelete de plástico, colocado ao redor do antebraço do gato. Na primeira fase, após as mensurações basais dos LNT e LNM, oito gatos (3,8±0,6kg) receberam buprenorfina (IV) nas doses de 0,01 (B1), 0,02 (B2) e 0,04 (B4) mg/kg. As mensurações foram feitas até 10h após cada tratamento. Na segunda fase, após as mensurações basais dos LNT, seis gatos (4,1±0,5kg) receberam buprenorfina (0,02 mg/kg) pelas vias IV, intramuscular (IM) e subcutânea (SC). As mensurações foram realizadas até 24h após cada tratamento. Na terceira fase, após as mensurações basais dos LNT e LNM, oito gatos (4,7±1,5kg) receberam buprenorfina (0,02 mg/kg) pela via epidural, por meio de uma via de acesso vascular implantada cirurgicamente antes do início do estudo. As mensurações foram realizadas até 24h após cada tratamento. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA (P<0,05). Os LNT e LNM acima do intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), gerados pelos valores basais, indicaram antinocicepção. Na primeira fase, os LNT e os LNM aumentaram significativamente entre 15min e 4h (LNT) após B1, entre 15min e 2h e aos 15 e 45min após B2, e entre 15min e 8h, exceto às 4h, e entre 30min e 2h, após B4, respectivamente. Aos 45min, os LNM foram significativamente maiores em B2 quando comparados a B1. As médias dos LNT e dos LNM ficaram... / The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of buprenorphine in cats after intravenous (IV) administration of different doses and after different routes of administration, by means of measuring thermal (TT) and mechanical (MT) nociceptive thresholds, in a randomized, blinded and crossover study. Thermal stimulation was given via a probe, attached to an elasticated band and positioned around the cat’s thorax with an inflated modified neonatal cuff. Mechanical stimulation was given via a plastic bracelet with a modified neonatal cuff, taped around the cat’s antebrachium. In the first phase, after MT and TT baseline recordings, eight cats (3.8±0.6kg) were given 0.01 (B1), 0.02 (B2) and 0.04 (B4) mg/kg of buprenorphine IV. Thresholds were measured until 10h after administration of treatments. In the second phase, after TT baseline recordings, buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg) was administered to six cats (4.1±0.5kg) by the IV, intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) routes. Threshold measurements were performed up to 24h after treatments. In the third phase, after TT and MT baseline recordings, eight cats (4.7±1.5kg) received buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg), through a vascular access port that had been surgically implanted in the epidural space. TT and MT were measured up to 24h after each treatment. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (P<0.05). A 95% confidence interval (IC95%) was generated by the baseline values. Thresholds above IC95% indicated antinociception. In the first phase, compared to baseline, TT were significantly increased between 15min and 4h after B1, between 15min and 2h after B2, and between 15min and 8h, expect at 4h, after B4. MT was significantly increased at 15 and 45min after B2 and between 30min and 2h after B4. At 45min, MT were significantly higher in B2 compared to B1. Mean TT were above the IC95% from 15min to 10h in all groups. Mean MT were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Resumo: A leishmaniose é uma zoonose, causada por protozoários do gênero Leishmania e transmitida por vetores flebotomíneos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de Leishmania spp. em cães e gatos provenientes de área endêmica e não endêmica para esta doença, através da associação de três técnicas diagnósticas: hemocultura em meio LIT (Liver Infusion Tryptose), Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase (PCR) para Leishmania spp. Foram coletadas aleatoriamente 50 amostras de sangue de cães e 50 amostras de sangue de gatos, procedentes do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Campo Grande - MS, onde a leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é endêmica, e aleatoriamente de 50 cães e 50 gatos do Canil Municipal e Associação de Proteção aos Animais (APA) de Botucatu - SP, considerada, até o momento, área não endêmica, silenciosa para esta enfermidade. Das 50 hemoculturas de cães procedentes de Botucatu, três (6%) foram positivas e das 50 hemoculturas dos gatos, duas (4%) foram positivas. Em Campo Grande, 29 hemoculturas (58%) de cães foram positivas e as dos gatos apresentaram 100% de negatividade. Quanto à PCR, 100% das amostras de cães e de gatos procedentes de Botucatu, assim como as dos gatos de Campo Grande foram negativas. Das 50 amostras de cães deste município, 36 foram positivas (72%) à PCR. À RIFI obteve-se 100% de negatividade nas amostras dos cães e gatos de Botucatu e 32 cães (64%) e 15 gatos (30%) de Campo Grande foram reagentes. Pelos resultados apresentados, podemos concluir que a contínua vigilância epidemiológica é importante em áreas não endêmicas para leishmaniose, bem como a busca de um diagnóstico seguro em áreas endêmicas, além de maiores estudos sobre o papel dos felinos no ciclo epidemiológico da doença. / Abstract: Leishmaniosis is a zoonosis caused by protozoans of Leishmania genus and is transmitted by phlebotomine vectors. This study was aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Leishmania spp. in dogs and cats from endemic and nonendemic areas by three diagnostic tests: hemoculture in LIT (Liver Infusion Tryptose) media, Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Fifty blood samples of dogs and fifty of cats from Zoonosis Control Center from Campo Grande, MS, an endemic area for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), were collected randomly, as well as blood samples of dogs and cats from Municipal Kennel and Animal Protection Association (APA) from Botucatu, SP, considered by the moment as freetransmission, non-endemic area for the disease. From 50 hemocultures of the dogs from Botucatu, three (6%) were positive and of the blood of 50 cats, two (4%) were positive. In Campo Grande, 29 hemocultures (58%) were positive for dogs and 100% of the cats were negative for this test. For the PCR detection of Leishmania spp., 100% of the samples from dogs and cats from Botucatu and all the cats from Campo Grande were negative. On the other hand, 36 dogs from Campo Grande were positive (72%) for the PCR. From Botucatu, by the IFAT, 100% of the dogs and cats were non reagent and 32 dogs (64%) and 15 cats (30%) from Campo Grande (MS) were positive for this test. The presented results show that a continuous epidemiological vigilance is important in non-endemic areas for leishmaniasis, as well as the research for an accurate diagnosis in endemic areas, and other studies based on the role of felines in epidemiological life cycle of this disease. / Orientador: Simone Baldini Lucheis / Coorientador: Hélio Langoni / Banca: Ana Luiza Alves Rosa Osório / Banca: Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla / Mestre

Orientador: Fernanda C. Landim Alvarenga / Banca: Maria Denise Lopes / Banca: Mayra Elena Ortiz D'Avila Assumpção / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi aprimorar os protocolos de produção in vitro de embriões e de ativação partenogenética visando o isolamento e o cultivo de células tronco embrionárias felinas. Os CCOs-I foram obtidos a partir de ovários de gatas adultas e maturados in vitro. No experimento I, os CCOS foram fecundados e os embriões cultivados nos meios SOFaa e FOC. Foram comparadas as taxas de clivagem e a produção de blastocistos. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio da análise de variância e a viabilidade embrionária foi avaliada por sondas fluorescentes (Hoechst e iodeto de propídio). Não houve diferenças significativas entre os meios de cultivo, os quais apresentaram taxas de clivagem de 50,5±9,47 e 63,75±5,9 (P>0,05) e de produção de blastocistos em relação ao total de oócitos fecundados de 18±5,07 e 33,2±3,71 (P>0,05) para FOC e SOF respectivamente. No experimento II, os CCOs maturos foram submetidos a três diferentes protocolos de ativação partenogenética: 1-ionomicina associada ao cicloheximide; 2-ionomicina associada ao roscovitine e 3-ionomicina associada ao estrôncio, os quais foram comparados entre si e ao controle quanto às taxas de ativação, clivagem e desenvolvimento embrionário, sendo cultivados em SOFaa por 72 horas após a ativação. Para tais avaliações, oócitos e embriões foram corados com Hoechst 33342 e examinados em microscópio invertido. Como análise estatística foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos quanto à taxa de oócitos ativados (69,9%, 76,6% e 64,6%, para tratamento 1, 2 e 3 respectivamente) (P>0,05) nem quanto às taxas de clivagem (46,6%, 46,73% e 32,32%, para tratamento 1, 2 e 3 respectivamente) (P>0,05), mas sim entre estes e o controle (36% e 12%, respectivamente, para taxa de oócitos ativados e taxas de clivagem) (P<0,05). Quanto ao desenvolvimento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this study was to improve the existent protocols for in vitro embryos production and parthenogenetic activation in cats, aiming the isolation and culture of feline embryonic stem cells. COCs-I were collected from adult queens's ovaries and matured in vitro. In the experiment I, COCs were fertilized and embryos cultured in two culture media, SOFaa and FOC. In both media the cleavage rate and blastocysts production were compared. Fluorescents probes (Hoechst and propidium iodide) were utilized to estimate embryo viability. The statistical analysis was realized through the ANOVA. No statistical difference was observed between culture media. The cleavage rates considering the total number of fertilized oocytes were 50.5±9.47 and 63.75±5.9 (P>0.05) for FOC and SOF medium respectively. Similarly, the blastocysts production rates were 18±5.07 and 33.2±3.71 (P>0.05) for FOC and SOF, respectively. In experiment II matured COCs were submitted to three parthenogenetic activation protocols: 1- ionomycin associated to cycloheximide; 2 - ionomycin associated to roscovitine; 3 - ionomycin associated to strontium. The treatments were compared among themselves and among them and the control concerning chromatin decondensation, cleavage and embryo development rates. The parthenogenetic embryos were then cultured in SOFaa during 72 hours. To estimate chromatin status and number of nuclei, oocytes and embryos were stained with Hoechst 33342 and examined under an inverted fluorescent microscope. As statistical analyses chi-square test was utilized. No statistical difference was observed among treatments concerning activated oocytes rates (69.9%, 76.6% e 64.6%, respectively, for treatment 1, 2 and 3) (P>0.05) neither cleavage rates (46.6%, 46.73% e 32.32%, respectively, for treatment 1, treatment 1, 2, 3) (P>0.05). However, statistical difference was observed among treatments and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Simone Baldini Lucheis / Resumo: A família Trypanosomatidae inclui protozoários flagelados com dois gêneros de importância médica e veterinária: Leishmania, causador das leishmanioses e Trypanosoma, responsáveis pelas tripanossomíases de relevância epidemiológica, ambos com o envolvimento de hospedeiros mamíferos e vetores em seu ciclo de vida. O gato doméstico passou a ser considerado um hospedeiro reservatório de Leishmanias, após comprovação por xenodiagnóstico, da transmissibilidade de formas promastigotas de Leishmania infantum para o vetor flebotomíneo. Devido a inespecificidade dos achados clínicos na Leishmaniose Felina (LF), à semelhança dos aspectos clínicos dessa enfermidade com outras comuns em gatos, e à provável resistência felina a infecção, é possível que, dentro de uma área endêmica para leishmaniose ocorra um percentual elevado de indivíduos infectados, mas sem apresentarem sinais clínicos, e a falta de diagnóstico precoce da LF nessas áreas pode implicar com que o animal continue a representar risco potencial de transmissão de leishmanias aos vetores. Assim sendo, pretendeu-se investigar possíveis associações entre sorologia positiva para L. infantum, com o parasitismo tecidual em sangue, órgãos e células conjuntivais de gatos de região endêmica para LV. Foram incluídos neste estudo 36 gatos adultos, cedidos pelo Centro de Controle de Zoonoses (CCZ) de Bauru - São Paulo, com 31 animais apresentando pelo menos um tipo de alteração clínica. A partir dos diagnósticos sorológicos, verificou-se... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Trypanosomatidae family includes flagellate protozoa of two genera of medical and veterinary importance: Leishmania, the causative agent of leishmaniasis and Trypanosoma, responsible for trypanosomiasis of epidemiological relevance, with the involvement of mammalian hosts and vectors in their life cycle. Nowadays, the domestic cat is considered a host reservoir of leishmanias, after proving by xenodiagnosis, the transmissibility of promastigotes of Leishmania infantum to the phlebotomine vector. Due to the lack of specificity of the clinical findings in Feline Leishmaniasis (FL), similar to the clinical aspects of this disease with other common ones in cats, and to the probable feline resistance to infection, it is possible that, within an endemic area for leishmaniasis, a high percentage of individuals with no clinical signs, and lack of early diagnosis of FL in these areas may imply that the animal continues to pose a potential risk of transmission of leishmaniasis to the vectors. Thus, it was intended to investigate possible associations between positive serology for L.infantum, with tissue parasitism in blood, organs and conjunctival cells of cats from endemic region to visceral leishmaniasis. Thirty-six adult cats, assigned by the Zoonoses Control Center (ZCC) of Bauru-SP, with 31 animals presenting at least one type of clinical alteration, were included in this study. From the serological diagnoses, the positivity was verified in 26 animals, and (66.7%) (24/36) were rea... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-06-05T18:19:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 maisa_costa_santos.pdf: 2334209 bytes, checksum: 9004aeaeb9cd7b271794191d109efa36 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-06-22T12:32:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 maisa_costa_santos.pdf: 2334209 bytes, checksum: 9004aeaeb9cd7b271794191d109efa36 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T12:32:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 maisa_costa_santos.pdf: 2334209 bytes, checksum: 9004aeaeb9cd7b271794191d109efa36 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / O presente estudo descreve a s?ntese do catalisador heterog?neo SiO2-SO3H, obtido atrav?s da imobiliza??o dos grupos sulf?nicos em SiO2, produzida a partir de uma mistura contendo ?rea de constru??o e carbonato. A imobiliza??o do -SO3H foi confirmada, atrav?s da caracteriza??o inicial da s?lica e do catalisador por IV, MEV, DRX, TGA e isotermas de adsor??o/dessor??o BET, que demonstrou haver modifica??o da estrutura da s?lica ap?s a imobiliza??o dos grupos sulf?nicos, ocasionando diminui??o da ?rea superficial espec?fica (SBET) de 507 para 115 m2 g?1, e uma diminui??o do volume dos poros 0,78 para 0,38 cm3 g-1. Inicialmente, avaliou o desempenho catal?tico da mistura SiO2-SO3H em rea??es de esterifica??o do ?cido ac?tico e do ?cido graxo (octan?ico) com o 2,2-dimetil-1,3-dioxolano-4-metanol, conhecido como ?solketal?, que possui uma cadeia carb?nica grande, al?m de ter outro grupo funcional na sua estrutura. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a efici?ncia do SiO2-SO3H para a s?ntese do acetato 2,2- dimetil-1,3-dioxolan-4-il metil, em que utilizou-se inicialmente, como reagentes, glicerol bruto, acetona e a mistura catal?tica, ap?s 2 hora de rea??o, foi adicionado no mesmo reator, o ?cido ac?tico em um processo ?one pot?, sem a pr?via extra??o e a purifica??o do solketal (reagente intermedi?rio). Pelo o mesmo procedimento, foi obtido, em excelente rendimento, o octanoato de solketila. Nesses processos reacionais n?o houvera a necessidade do uso de solvente ou aparelhos auxiliares, como clevenger ou dean-stark, para remo??o da ?gua formada durante o processo que envolve 2 rea??es (cetaliza??o e esterifica??o), sendo dessa forma resistente ao processo de lixivia??o. Diante dos excelentes resultados, partiu para rea??es de esterifica??o com outros ?cidos graxos, com at? 18 ?tomos de carbono na cadeia, tais como o ?cido linoleico e oleico. Contudo n?o foi observado a forma??o de produtos nessas rea??es. Acredita-se que esse fato esteja relacionado com a grande afinidade que o solketal apresenta pelo SiO2-SO3H, devido a sua alta polaridade, fazendo com que fique retido dentro dos poros do catalisador. Outro ponto importante foi o tamanho da cadeia carb?nica dos ?cidos graxos utilizados, visto que quanto maior o tamanho da mol?cula, maior a hidrofobicidade, isso faz com que eles sofram repuls?o do catalisador. Acredita-se que esses dois fatores contribu?ram para que n?o ocorresse a intera??o entre os reagentes e o catalisador, levando, em alguns casos, ? forma??o de ?steres de solketila com rendimentos moderados. Essa hip?tese foi comprovada, quando utilizou-se um ?lcool de cadeia carb?nica menor, como o metanol, o qual reagiu com o ?cido linoleico e oleico na presen?a da mistura catal?tica SiO2-SO3H, para produ??o de ?steres met?licos. Os resultados obtidos comprovam a s?ntese do oleato de metila e do linoleato de metila no tempo de 15 min, com rendimento em torno de 96 a 98%. Isso demonstrou que ? de fundamental import?ncia o escoamento dos reagente para os poros do catalisador. O que sugere que para garantir o sucesso das rea??es do solketal com ?cidos de cadeia carb?nica maior o escoamento desse reagentes devem ser facilitado e isso pode ser obtido atrav?s do uso de solvente. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Biocombust?veis, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / The synthesis of the heterogeneous SiO2-SO3H, catalyst, obtained by the immobilization of the sulfonic groups in SiO2, produced from a mixture containing building and carbonate. The immobilization of -SO3H was confirmed, through the initial characterization of the silica and the catalyst by IV, SEM, XRD, TGA and adsorption / desorption isotherms, which showed that there was modification of the silica structure after the immobilization of the sulfonic groups, resulting in a decrease of the specific surface area (SBET) from 507 to 115 m2 g-1, and decreasing in volume by 0,78 to 0,38 cm3 g-1. Initially, evaluated the catalytic performance of the SiO2 -SO3H mixture in esterification reactions of acetic acid and fatty acid (octanoic acid) with 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol, known as "solketal", it has a large carbon chain, plus another functional group in its structure. The results obtained demonstrate the efficiency of SiO2 -SO3H for the synthesis of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl methyl acetate, at where initially used as reagents, crude glycerol, acetone and the catalytic mixture, after 2 hour of reaction, was added in the same reactor, acetic acid in a "one pot", without prior extraction and purification of the solketal (intermediate reagent). By the same procedure, it was obtained, in excellent yield, solketila octanoate. In these reaction processes there was no need for the use of solvents or auxiliary devices, such as clevenger or dean-stark, for the removal of water formed during the process involving 2 reactions (ketalization and esterification), thus being resistant to the leaching process. Given the excellent results, started to esterification reactions with other fatty acids, with up to 18 carbon atoms in the chain, such as linoleic and oleic acid. However, the formation of products in these reactions was not observed. It is believed that this fact is related to the great affinity that the solketal presents by the SiO2-SO3H, due to its high polarity, causing it to be trapped within the catalyst pores. Another important point was the size of the carbonic chain of the fatty acids used, since the larger the size of the molecule, the greater the hydrophobicity, this causes them to undergo catalyst repulsion. It is believed that these two factors contributed to the lack of interaction between the reactants and the catalyst, leading in some cases to the formation of solketila esters with moderate yields. This hypothesis has been proven, used a lower carbon alcohol, such as methanol, which reacted with linoleic and oleic acid in the presence of the catalytic mixture SiO2 -SO3H, for the production of methyl esters. The results obtained demonstrate the synthesis of methyl oleate and methyl linoleate in the 15 min time, with yield around 96 to 98%. This has demonstrated that it is of fundamental importance the flow of the reactants into the pores of the catalyst. This suggests that to ensure the success of solketal reactions with higher carbonic acids the flow of these reagents should be facilitated and this can be obtained through the use of solvente.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-06-20T19:39:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 andrea_lopes_viana.pdf: 1544921 bytes, checksum: fd130c9c73602aeb50c6cc5c3f39ec5f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-06-22T13:21:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 andrea_lopes_viana.pdf: 1544921 bytes, checksum: fd130c9c73602aeb50c6cc5c3f39ec5f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T13:21:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 andrea_lopes_viana.pdf: 1544921 bytes, checksum: fd130c9c73602aeb50c6cc5c3f39ec5f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Este trabalho prop?e a an?lise da forma??o, desenvolvimento e processamento da Visita??o Episcopal ocorrida no Arraial do Tijuco, localizado na Capitania das Minas Gerais, que aconteceu no ano de 1750. Neste momento, ocorreu no referido Arraial a reda??o dos Termos de Devassas de Culpa, documenta??o que est? dispon?vel no Arquivo Eclesi?stico da Mitra Arquidiocesana de Diamantina. Foram realizadas a leitura e a transcri??o destes documentos, sendo identificados 46 termos. Pela an?lise dos Termos de Devassa, ? poss?vel entender os procedimentos das Visitas, especificamente nos processos de julgamento dos moradores do Arraial do Tijuco e verificar ainda que havia uma a??o ?educacional? que estava presente nos processos, uma vez que se considera que as condena??es possu?am um m?rito disciplinador. Por meio dos processos, a Igreja Cat?lica demonstrava que, se outras pessoas cometessem o mesmo crime, estariam sujeitas ?s penalidades descritas nas Constitui??es Primeiras do Arcebispado da Bahia, promulgadas em 1707. Observa-se que, nos processos de Visita??o Episcopal e nas Devassas, todo o movimento de apura??o de um determinado delito cometido por algum membro da sociedade colonial era conduzido por uma autoridade da Igreja. A autoridade era exercida por um prelado ou por um sacerdote incumbido pelo Bispo para visitar as comarcas, com o objetivo de conhecer, in loco, o comportamento da popula??o. Neste trabalho, s?o apresentadas algumas quest?es, como por exemplo, a estrutura da Visita Episcopal e a sua rela??o com as leis escritas em tempos coloniais, al?m de uma breve explana??o sobre o Direito Can?nico, a Inquisi??o do Santo Of?cio de Portugal, as Devassas e as Constitui??es Primeiras do Arcebispado da Bahia. Por fim, observa-se que, pela an?lise das fontes, as din?micas processuais da justi?a do Antigo Regime, al?m da forma de como foram realizados os ritos, pr?ticas e querelas, seguiam uma linha similar. Isto ? notado entre os v?rios termos de Devassa estudados e, no caso espec?fico, ?quelas do Arraial do Tijuco, que foram na quase totalidade sobre o crime de concubinato. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Humanas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / This work proposes the analysis of formation, development and processing of the Episcopal Visitation occurred in the Arraial do Tijuco, located in the Minas Gerais Captaincy, that occurred in the year of 1750. In this moment, the writing of the Devassas? Terms of Guilty occurred in the referred Arraial, documentation that is available in the Ecclesiastic Archives of the Archdiocesan Mithra of Diamantina. The reading and transcription of these documents were realized, identifying 46 terms. By the analysis of the Terms of Devassa, it is possible to understand the proceedings of the Visits, specifically in the judgment process of the inhabitants of the Arraial do Tijuco, and to verify that also an ?educational? action was present in these processes, since it is considered the condemnations had a disciplinary merit. Through the processes, the Catholic Church demonstrated that, if other people committed the same crime, they would be subjected to the penalties described in the First Constitutions of the Archbishop of Bahia, promulgated in 1707. It is observed that, in the Episcopal Visitation processes and in the Devassas, an authority of the Church conducted all ascertainment movement of a certain delict committed by some member of the colonial society. The authority was exerted by a prelate or a sacerdotal member tasked by the authority to visit the counties with the objective of know, in loco, the behavior of the population. In this work, some questions are presented, as for instance, the structure of the Episcopal Visit and its relation with the laws written during colonial times, in addition to a brief explanation about the Canon Law, the Inquisition of the Holy Spirit of Portugal, the Devassas and the First Constitutions of the Archbishop of Bahia. Lastly, it is observed that, by the analysis of the sources, the processual dynamics of the justice of the Antique Regimen, in addition to the way of how the rites, practices and squabbles were realized, followed a similar line. This is noted among the various Terms of Devassa studied and, in the specific case, those from the Arraial do Tijuco, which were almost entirely regarding the crime of concubinage.

In this work, we theoretically and numerically investigate nonclassical phonon states created in the collective vibration of a Raman medium by the generation of a dual-pumped Raman optical frequency comb in an optical cavity. This frequency comb is generated by cascaded Raman scattering driven by two phase-locked pump lasers that are separated in frequency by three times the Raman phonon frequency. We characterize the variety of conditioned phonon states that are created when the number of photons in all optical frequency modes except the pump modes are measured. Almost all of these conditioned phonon states are extremely well approximated as three-phonon-squeezed states or Schrödinger-cat states, depending on the outcomes of the photon number measurements. We show how the combinations of first-, second-, and third-order Raman scattering that correspond to each set of measured photon numbers determine the fidelity of the conditioned phonon state with model three-phonon-squeezed states and Schrödinger-cat states. All of the conditioned phonon states demonstrate preferential growth of the phonon mode along three directions in phase space. That is, there are three preferred phase values that the phonon state takes on as a result of Raman scattering. We show that the combination of Raman processes that produces a given set of measured photon numbers always produces phonons in multiples of three. In the quantum number-state representation, these multiples of three are responsible for the threefold phase-space symmetry seen in the conditioned phonon states. With a semiclassical model, we show how this three-phase preference can also be understood in light of phase correlations that are known to spontaneously arise in single-pumped Raman frequency combs. Additionally, our semiclassical model predicts that the optical modes also grow preferentially along three phases, suggesting that the dual-pumped Raman optical frequency comb is partially phase-stabilized.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Estatística, 2015. / Submitted by Patrícia Nunes da Silva (patricia@bce.unb.br) on 2015-11-23T15:47:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_AntonioGeraldoPintoMaiaJunior_Parcial.pdf: 2852414 bytes, checksum: 1303cf1106fe5224e001f2e527d46d67 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2015-12-03T10:59:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_AntonioGeraldoPintoMaiaJunior_Parcial.pdf: 2852414 bytes, checksum: 1303cf1106fe5224e001f2e527d46d67 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T10:59:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_AntonioGeraldoPintoMaiaJunior_Parcial.pdf: 2852414 bytes, checksum: 1303cf1106fe5224e001f2e527d46d67 (MD5) / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo central melhorar os Testes Adaptativos Informatizados (Computerized Adaptative Tests, CATs na sigla, em inglês) clássicos, que são aqueles administrados por computador e que ajustam os itens do teste à medida que ele é realizado. Isso é possível, pois, dada a resposta do respondente, estima-se a sua habilidade momentânea, obtendo-se o próximo item a ser administrado, com base em um critério estatístico (Máxima Informação, Máxima Informação Global ou Máxima Informação Esperada). Para isso, inseriu-se a covariável Tempo de Resposta ao modelo. Pois, acreditou-se que há informação nessa covariável e, portanto, ao se considerá-la, o teste pode ser encurtado, melhorando, assim, a convergência do algoritmo. Nessa perspectiva, fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica de TRI (sigla de Teoria de Resposta ao Item) e CAT, para se estruturar o novo modelo com a covariável Tempo de Resposta, calculando-se todas as equações que serão utilizadas na aplicação. Por fim, a aplicação com dados simulados concluiu nosso estudo, pois, ao comparar a convergência do algoritmo de um CAT tradicional em relação ao novo CAT, observou-se que os objetivos do presente trabalho foram cumpridos. ___________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / Computerized adaptive tests (CATs) are tests administered by computer which adjust the test items as the test is carried out. This work proposes to improve CATs by taking into account the time that the respondents use to answer the different questions to obtain provisional estimates of their ability in order to choose the next item. This information is used to modify the classical criteria (maximal information, overall maximum information or maximum information expected). It is believed that the use of this covariate may improve the convergence of the CAT algorithm, thus allowing for shorter tests. The dissertation presents a review of TRI and CAT and the new model which takes into account the response time. An application using simulated data is used to compare the convergence of a traditional CAT algorithm and that of the model using the response time.

abstract: Locomotion in natural environments requires coordinated movements from multiple body parts, and precise adaptations when changes in the environment occur. The contributions of the neurons of the motor cortex underlying these behaviors are poorly understood, and especially little is known about how such contributions may differ based on the anatomical and physiological characteristics of neurons. To elucidate the contributions of motor cortical subpopulations to movements, the activity of motor cortical neurons, muscle activity, and kinematics were studied in the cat during a variety of locomotion tasks requiring accurate foot placement, including some tasks involving both expected and unexpected perturbations of the movement environment. The roles of neurons with two types of neuronal characteristics were studied: the existence of somatosensory receptive fields located at the shoulder, elbow, or wrist of the contralateral forelimb; and the existence projections through the pyramidal tract, including fast- and slow-conducting subtypes. Distinct neuronal adaptations between simple and complex locomotion tasks were observed for neurons with different receptive field properties and fast- and slow-conducting pyramidal tract neurons. Feedforward and feedback-driven kinematic control strategies were observed for adaptations to expected and unexpected perturbations, respectively, during complex locomotion tasks. These kinematic differences were reflected in the response characteristics of motor cortical neurons receptive to somatosensory information from different parts of the forelimb, elucidating roles for the various neuronal populations in accommodating disturbances in the environment during behaviors. The results show that anatomical and physiological characteristics of motor cortical neurons are important for determining if and how neurons are involved in precise control of locomotion during natural behaviors. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Neuroscience 2015

abstract: Navigation through natural environments requires continuous sensory guidance. In addition to coordinated muscle contractions of the limbs that are controlled by spinal cord, equilibrium, body weight bearing and transfer, and avoidance of obstacles all have to happen while locomotion is in progress and these are controlled by the supraspinal centers. For successful locomotion, animals require visual and somatosensory information. Even though a number of supraspinal centers receive both in varying degrees, processing this information at different levels of the central nervous system, especially their contribution to visuo-motor and sensory-motor integration during locomotion is poorly understood. This dissertation investigates the patterns of neuronal activity in three areas of the forebrain in the cat performing different locomotor tasks to elucidate involvement of these areas in processing of visual and somatosensory information related to locomotion. In three studies, animals performed two contrasting locomotor tasks in each and the neuronal activities were analyzed. In the first study, cats walked in either complete darkness or in an illuminated room while the neuronal activity of the motor cortex was recorded. This study revealed that the neuronal discharge patterns in the motor cortex were significantly different between the two illumination conditions. The mean discharge rates, modulation, and other variables were significantly different in 49% of the neurons. This suggests a contextual correlation between the motor cortical activity and being able to see. In two other studies, the activities of neurons of either the somatosensory cortex (SI) or ventrolateral thalamus (VL) were recorded while cats walked on a flat surface (simple locomotion) or along a horizontal ladder where continuous visual and somatosensory feedback was required (complex locomotion). We found that the activity of all but one SI cells with receptive fields on the sole peaked before the foot touched the ground: predictably. Other cells showed various patterns of modulation, which differed between simple and complex locomotion. We discuss the predictive and reflective functionality of the SI in cyclical sensory-motor events such as locomotion. We found that neuronal discharges in the VL were modulated to the stride cycle resembling patterns observed in the cortex that receives direct inputs from the VL. The modulation was stronger during walking on the ladder revealing VL’s contribution to locomotion-related activity of the cortex during precision stepping. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Neuroscience 2016