Grave markers from St. Michael'ss Cemetery in Pensacola, Florida, were studied for evidence of ethnicity and acculturation. The 1,447 grave markers dating from 1870 to 1939 were used to test two hypotheses: 1) the grave markers for ethnic groups represented in the cemetery during the project's time period have identifiable sets of burial attributes; and 2) changes in the visible ethnic attribute sets show evidence of the acculturation of ethnic groups over time. Physical attributes pertaining to grave markers, and personal characteristics (e.g. sex, age) for the individuals inscribed upon the markers were collected for analysis. Historical sources were used to assign ethnicity to each marker by determining the ancestry of the individuals memorialized. Grave marker attributes for ten ethnic groups were examined. The statistical results indicate a correlation of ethnicity with marker attributes. Central Europeans had the most identifiable preferences including large markers, vertical markers, floral design motifs, and headstone molding. Other observable ethnic patterns include the use of family markers, non-marble materials, horizontal markers, relationship wording, and religious symbolism. Spatial analysis illustrates that ethnic markers were dispersed across the cemetery; this lack of segregation in the graveyard may be due to acculturation. However, the diachronic changes in burial identifiers cannot be clearly ascribed to the acculturation of immigrants. Use of marble materials and the height of markers diminished for all ethnic groups. Changes in the memorialization industry were likely contributing factors to differences in attribute selection over time. Therefore, while ethnic burial identifiers are statistically visible in the cemetery landscape, attribute changes are not exclusively caused by acculturation.

The importance of a cemetery is indisputable as a place to recognize death. These powerful places contain memory, emotion, and even time, but their sacred natures mean that cemeteries are often left out of daily life and instead become isolated scars in the landscape. This isolation is even more evident considering these sacred spaces have been expelled from cities. Contemporary cities are failing to acknowledge death, causing grief and memory to be internalized. For this reason, it is necessary to reintegrate grief and introduce the natural process of death as a casual and cyclical interaction within cities. / Master of Architecture / Conversations on the topic of death are often avoided due to the layers of sensitivity and discomfort. As a natural part of our existence, this topic forces self-reflection and awareness. Throughout history representation in public forms have celebrated and memorialized death, one of the most common being cemeteries. Conceived from the fears of health and concerns for space, the place for the deceased to rest shifted from within cities to picturesque and landscaped grounds just outside. Admired, this model influenced many of the cemeteries we still see today in the United States. However as populations increase, less space has been available to continue this ideology, requiring cemeteries to be pushed out even further and for new alternative methods, such as cremation. While cremation has grown in popularity, it no longer reflects the same value on landscape and its process is even less favorable for the environment. Resultingly, these actions and methods fail to provide a meaningful space that allows for memory, grief and acknowledgement to a natural cycle. This thesis seeks to explore the transformation of a cemetery, reintegrated in a contemporary city, as one that accepts the dead with the living.

Magister Artium - MA / This mini-thesis, ‘Exhumation, Reburial and History Making in South Africa’, is concerned with an analysis of the practices of exhumation and reburial through discussing the case studies of the Iron-Age archaeological site of Mapungubwe, the Vergelegen Wine Estate in Somerset West and the reburials carried out by the Missing Persons Task Team (MPPT) from the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA), particularly its unsuccessful attempt at exhumations at the Stikland Cemetery, in an attempt to understand how they form part of the production of history. These case studies conceive of the times of the precolonial, slavery and apartheid, and are all linked temporally to an envisaged future through ideas of nation building and nationalism. As narratives produced through these exhumations and reburials, they contribute to the notion of making the post-apartheid by remaking history and reconstituting nation. Each of these case studies are significant as they in some way have been utilized in a manner that is relevant to us in the new democratic South Africa. This mini-thesis aims at rethinking the role of archaeologists, the exhumation and reburial processes, the construction of ethnicity, how the dead are used to construct narratives of struggle against apartheid and in general the implications each of these have on the re-making of history. It also thinks about what the practices of exhumation and reburial mean conceptually and how they relate to the concept of missingness, which I refer to as the process of making absence or invisibility. Thinking about exhumations and reburial in this way has allowed reflection on the purpose of the practices, in terms of who it’s for and how it’s perceived by the stakeholders involved in each case. Through dissecting each of these issues one may be able to trace how the remains to be reburied become missing. Therefore, the question of exhumation and reburial is essential in thinking about what it does for the human remains and how their identity is either shaped or lost. This thesis mainly argues that the remains in each of the case studies go through various phases of missingness and that their reburials and memorialization, or in the case of Stikland the spiritual repatriation, inscribes them further into narratives of the times that they emerged from.

Kapinės - tai dvasinio susikaupimo, rimties, apmąstymų apie gyvenimo tikslą bei prasmę vieta. Kiekvienam žmogui ir tautai kapinės yra ne tik gyvenimo įvykių atsiminimo įamžinimas, bet ir svarbus praeities bei dabarties liudininkas, atspindintis tautos kultūrą, tradicijas, mąstymo būdą. Būtent dėl šių priežasčių jos ir susilaukia įvairių mokslo sričių specialistų, istorikų, etnografų dėmesio. Šiame darbe į kapines bus žvelgiama kaip į istorinę, kultūrinę vertę turintį objektą. Pasirinktas darbo objektas – Alytaus miesto kapinės XX a. II p. - XXI a. pr. Būtent plačiau analizuojamos Alytaus kairiojo Nemuno kranto kapinės: Šv. Angelų Sargų bažnyčios ir Daugų g. kapinės, kadangi šių kapinių istorijos yra glaudžiai susijusios. Šv. Angelų Sargų bažnyčios kapinės yra seniausios kapinės, esančios Alytaus kairiojo Nemuno kranto dalyje. Tačiau jos pasižymi ne tik savo senumu, bet ir ypatybėmis, kuriomis išsiskiria iš kitų Alytaus mieste esančių kapinių t.y. savo istoriniu paveldu. Uždarius šias kapines, parapijiečiai buvo laidojami miesto teritorijoje, Daugų gatvėje esančiose kapinėse. Taigi abejos kapinės yra sudėtinė ir akivaizdi miesto istorijos dalis. Jose ilsisi daugybė alytiškių kartų. Kiekvienas palaidotas turėjo savo gyvenimą ir likimą. Istoriografija apie Šv. Angelų Sargų bažnyčios ir Daugų g. kapines yra negausi, todėl temą gvildenti verta. Be to, apie pačias kapines, kapinių elementų bruožus nėra niekas tyrinėjęs, skelbęs publikacijų. Tai ir suponuoja šios temos naujumą ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Cemetery – it is a place were you can think about the purpose and aim of your life, as well as concentrate on your spirit and mind. Since the old days cemetery is not just reflection of life eternity , culture, tradition and self conscious to every men and nation, but also a witness of today and past. Cemetery object attracts quite a few kind of scientists like historians and ethnographs, who can see this object from a different point of views. I will be looking at the research object – cemetery, as historical and cultural formation. The object of this research is cemetery of Alytus in the end of XX beginning of XXI centuries. I will be looking just at one part of it which is situated on the left bank of river Nemunas, its Sv. Angelu church and Daugu street cemetery. The reason for that is not just because the history of these two objects are closely related, but also the history of Sv. Angelu church is one of he oldest in Alytus. Another reason – historical heritage that these two places has. The citizens were buried in Daugu street cemetery after the cemetery in Sv. Angelu church cemetery were closed. So as you can see, both cemetery are important part of town and history. A lot of generations who had their own lives and destiny are resting in peace in this soil. It is very important to reveal the history of these cemetery, because there are just few general written studies on these objects. This work is modern and important, because I will try to look further in the... [to full text]

No description available.

No abstract available / Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Architecture / unrestricted

This is an imaginative and speculative project that takes its point of departure from an architectural competition announced in 2009 for a new cemetery on Järvafältet.  The project is curated according to three walks: The level walk -uses varying levels to accommodate different types of burial. The sound walk - uses sound as a means of memorializing the deceased. The node walk – rethinks the conventional religious segregation of cemetery space toward integration and an ecological way of reusing land for burial.

The subject of this thesis is design the new building of Catholic church which is connected to current cemetery in the village of Krhová near Valasske Mezirici. The idea is to give the community building, which from historical point of view has always been the most important building. The building, which represents the permanent values. The church and cemetery are composed as horizontal cemetery wall, from which a simple vertical form of the church that towers above the village.

Yes / This paper presents a re-evaluation of a cemetery excavated over thirty years ago at Walkington Wold in east Yorkshire. The cemetery is characterised by careless burial on diverse alignments, and by the fact that most of the skeletons did not have associated crania. The cemetery has been variously described as being the result of an early post-Roman massacre, as providing evidence for a `Celtic¿ head cult or as an Anglo-Saxon execution cemetery. In order to resolve the matter, radiocarbon dates were acquired and a re-examination of the skeletal remains was undertaken. It was confirmed that that cemetery was an Anglo-Saxon execution cemetery, the only known example from northern England, and the site is set into its wider context in the paper.

no