Este trabalho dedica-se à comparação de quatro tipos distintos de cemitério (Clássico, Jardim, Galeria e Contemporâneo) sob o enfoque da visitação, experiência e percepção de seus espaços. Para tanto, foi proposto um método de análise pelo qual se computam atributos capazes de desencadear diferentes percepções e emoções nos visitantes que os experienciam. Tal método baseou-se nas possibilidades de ações disponíveis nos espaços e nos estímulos ofertados aos visitantes que os percorrem na situação de visita, apoiando-se em análises da configuração do espaço físico e análises de simulações de percursos em cada um dos exemplos estudados. Os resultados obtidos pelo método derivam da comparação dos quatro tipos utilizando um modelo de sintaxe da forma e um modelo de percepção da forma para computar estímulos espaciais e visuais encontrados ao longo dos percursos. O resultado da análise demonstra que, em alguns aspectos, existe relativa similaridade entre os quatro tipos e,sob outros aspectos, notório contraste. O tipo contemporâneo caracteriza-se pelo maior número de aspectos distintivos ou singulares. / This work is dedicated to research, analyses and comparison of four different types of cemeteries under the focus of visit, experience and perception of such spaces, emphasizing the contemporary cemetery model. The method of analysis focuses on the attributes offered by the cemeteries and the different emotions and perceptions they cause on the visitors. This method was based on the available possibilities of action on the space and the stimulus information offered to the visitors, relying on global syntactic analysis of the samples and local space-visual analysis of predetermined paths in each of the samples analyzed. The obtained results come from the comparison of the different types of cemeteries based on the global syntactic calculation and the calculation of the spatial and visual stimulus found along the paths. The results demonstrate, in some aspects, similarity among the types and in other aspects contrast. But, ultimately, ensure distinction of the contemporary type of cemetery among the others.

Este trabalho dedica-se à comparação de quatro tipos distintos de cemitério (Clássico, Jardim, Galeria e Contemporâneo) sob o enfoque da visitação, experiência e percepção de seus espaços. Para tanto, foi proposto um método de análise pelo qual se computam atributos capazes de desencadear diferentes percepções e emoções nos visitantes que os experienciam. Tal método baseou-se nas possibilidades de ações disponíveis nos espaços e nos estímulos ofertados aos visitantes que os percorrem na situação de visita, apoiando-se em análises da configuração do espaço físico e análises de simulações de percursos em cada um dos exemplos estudados. Os resultados obtidos pelo método derivam da comparação dos quatro tipos utilizando um modelo de sintaxe da forma e um modelo de percepção da forma para computar estímulos espaciais e visuais encontrados ao longo dos percursos. O resultado da análise demonstra que, em alguns aspectos, existe relativa similaridade entre os quatro tipos e,sob outros aspectos, notório contraste. O tipo contemporâneo caracteriza-se pelo maior número de aspectos distintivos ou singulares. / This work is dedicated to research, analyses and comparison of four different types of cemeteries under the focus of visit, experience and perception of such spaces, emphasizing the contemporary cemetery model. The method of analysis focuses on the attributes offered by the cemeteries and the different emotions and perceptions they cause on the visitors. This method was based on the available possibilities of action on the space and the stimulus information offered to the visitors, relying on global syntactic analysis of the samples and local space-visual analysis of predetermined paths in each of the samples analyzed. The obtained results come from the comparison of the different types of cemeteries based on the global syntactic calculation and the calculation of the spatial and visual stimulus found along the paths. The results demonstrate, in some aspects, similarity among the types and in other aspects contrast. But, ultimately, ensure distinction of the contemporary type of cemetery among the others.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-11T12:20:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Silva, Ilana Elisa Chaves.pdf: 6163418 bytes, checksum: 5839f19b578793e58f86deeef9345f6d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-11T12:20:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Silva, Ilana Elisa Chaves.pdf: 6163418 bytes, checksum: 5839f19b578793e58f86deeef9345f6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-04 / CNPq / Durante o acompanhamento arqueológico realizado pela Fundação Seridó em parceria com a Universidade Federal de Pernambuco nas obras de implantação do Habitacional do Pilar, Bairro do Recife – PE, foi evidenciado na Quadra 55, um cemitério histórico de limites ainda desconhecidos. Na referida campanha, iniciada em Janeiro de 2013 e finalizada em Abril de 2014, foram exumados 28 sepultamentos humanos. Segundo apontam os primeiros resultados, o cemitério seria provavelmente dos séculos XVII e XVIII. Considerando as características apresentadas pelo sítio, indagamos se o Cemitério do Pilar teria sido destinado a indivíduos acometidos por surtos epidêmicos durante o período da ocupação holandesa no Recife (1630 e 1654). Inicialmente foram identificadas historicamente as principais epidemias que acometeram a cidade do Recife, em Pernambuco, no período da ocupação holandesa. Posteriormente realizamos a análise da ancestralidade, sexo e idade dos indivíduos a fim de perceber se este grupo seria semelhante ao descrito pela historiografia como os moradores do Recife da época. Após as análises ósseas identificamos: indivíduos masculinos de ancestralidade caucasoide (europeia) com idades entre 15 e 21 anos, predominantemente. e alterações morfológicas insuficientes para uma diagnose positiva para bouba, sífilis, varíola. Escorbuto foi a patologia que apresentou uma característica mais recorrente – retração alveolar. / During the archaeological monitoring of the Pilar Housing, District of Recife – PE, done by Seridó Foundation with Federal University of Pernambuco, a historical cemetery with still unmeasured dimensions was evidenced on block 55. In this archaeological campaign, between January 2013 and April 2014, 28 human burials were dug. According the first search results, the cemetery would be probably from the 17th and 18th centuries. Considering the site’s features, we question if the Pilar Cemetery would have been intended for individuals affected by disease outbreak during the Dutch occupation in Recife (between 1630 and 1654). First, we identified historically the major diseases that befell the city of Recife, in Pernambuco, during the Dutch occupation. Then we analyzed the ancestry, sex and age of the individuals aiming understand if the group would be similar to the group described by the historiography as the Recife’s residents at the time. After bone analysis, were identified, predominantly, male Caucasoid (European) individuals between 15 and 21 years old. The bone morphological alterations were not enough to diagnose positively yaws, syphilis, smallpox. Scurvy was the pathology that presented recurring feature – alveolar retraction.

Annotation 1. Introduction to the environment of rural cemeteries. 2. The Watching most visited graves. 3. The establishing most visited gravis. 4. Getting to know the fate of the dead. 5. The working with photos borrowed from survivors. 6. The controversy over the intimacy and generalization of the cemetery as a place of final rest and prepare for oblivion.

This diploma thesis analyzes the identity of German minority in the town of Medzev (South Slovakia). The research traced the development of identity manifestation from the mid- 20th century until now. The aim was to discover what factors (historical events, homogenization politics, private motivation or randomness) influenced the representation of identity of the German minority in the local cemeteries. The cemeteries thus serve as a source of information about local German identity manifestation. The field research was carried out in 2016 and 2017 in Medzev, which is a town with symbolical value for the German minority in Slovakia. In the cemeteries the author analyzed the used language and names on the gravestones, as well as the position of the gravestones, their form and material. The qualitative research in the cemeteries was supported by biographical and semi-structured interviews with members of the local German minority. The main contribution of this project lies in the reconstruction of German identity manifestation in the local cemeteries in the course of last 70 years. Based on the results of the confrontation of mostly invariable inscriptions on gravestones with testimonies of the narrators, the ambition of the thesis is to point out how flexible and multilayered are identities in the...

The proposed thesis design is a necropolis (city of the dead) in the form of a vertical park structure through which alternative methods of burial are investigated. The question of an architectural expression of consciousness to overcome cultural norms and challenge perceptions is researched through the theoretical exploration of the following: the cycle of life; the physical and meta-physical between; and collective dwelling. Through exploring ways of sensitively infusing urban environments with an awareness and acknowledgement of death, life is celebrated by exposing death through a physical manifestation of the whole cycle of life, which will transcend several generations of urban dwellers. In populating the between, these antimonument memorials would become accepted over time and a meta-physical awareness would be created to produce a new culture of urban life. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Architecture / unrestricted

Idag byggs urbana, rekreativa grönområden ofta bort till följd av förtätning, samtidigt som städernas kyrkogårdar lämnas orörda. Studien syftar till att i en svensk kontext, undersöka möjligheterna att planera för att urbana kyrkogårdar även ska fungera som rekreationsområde, utan att platsens spirituella dimension går förlorad. Studien har en abduktiv ansats, där kvalitativa intervjuer med planerare samt en representant från Svenska kyrkan utförts. Vidare har platskänsla använts som verktyg för att tolka materialet. Slutsatsen är att det idag finns olika intressenter, tillika platskänslor, att ta hänsyn till vid kyrkogårdsplanering. Några strategier, för att balansera de rekreativa och spirituella värdena, är att låta kyrkogården ha olika funktioner på olika ytor eller tidpunkter. En annan strategi är att anpassa vilken typ av rekreation som platsen uppmanar till. Det finns också möjligheter att utveckla kyrkogårdens spirituella värden som kan betraktas som rekreativa i sig. / Today, urban recreational green areas are gradually removed as a result of densification, while urban cemeteries are left untouched. This study aims to investigate the possibilities for urban cemeteries in Sweden to function as recreational areas, without losing the spiritual dimension. The study takes an abductive approach, where qualitative interviews with planners and representatives from the Church of Sweden were conducted. Furthermore, the concept of ‘sense of place’ has been used as a tool for interpreting the material. The conclusion is that there are many stakeholders, and different senses of place, to take into account in cemetery planning. Strategies for balancing the recreational and spiritual values involve working with different spaces and analyzing how they are used at different times. Adapting what type of recreation that is encouraged, is another approach. Lastly, some planners believe that the cemetery's spiritual values can be considered recreational in itself.

The design of the cemetery is based on the findings of the project Projective Space, which analyzes the memories of individuals of their spatial experiences that evoked emotions. Spatial collage as a method of creating an environment which, due to its ambiguity, allows individual interpretation by an individual person and evokes memories, is applied to the design of a cemetery for human composting. After the complete transformation of human remains into fertile land, the grave becomes useless. The dead lose their posthumous address. From a cultural point of view, however, the ritual of burial and the symbolic, mental value of the cemetery play an important role for the relatives in coping with the loss of their beloved. The design works with the culturally conditioned idea of the cemetery as an image of the world. With the disappearance of tombstones and urns, we abandon the concept of a cemetery - the city of the dead and reinterpret it as a cemetery - a landscape made of the dead. Remains in the form of fertile soil become material for modeling of the biodiverse terrain of the cultural landscape, a place that resonates with life.

Auf Versuchsflächen des Friedhofes in Pirna (Sachsen) wurden unter alten und jungen Birken verschiedene Stauden und Gräser getestet. Untersucht wurde, wie sich die Konkurrenz um Wasser, Nährstoffe und der Einfluss von Schatten und Laubfall der Gehölze auf das Anwuchsverhalten, die Entwicklung, den Pflege- und Materialaufwand der getesteten Pflanzen auswirkt. Besonders geeignet als Unterpflanzen sind im Ergebnis der fünfjährigen Versuche die Gänsekresse (Arabis), das Stachelnüsschen (Acaena) und der Schlangenbart (Ophiopogon). Der Bericht enthält Informationen zum Anwuchsverhalten der Arten in den ersten zwei Jahren und ihrer weiteren Entwicklung. Empfehlenswert sind eine optimale Pflanzvorbereitung mit mindestens 10 cm Bodenaustausch, die Pflanzdichte von 18 Pfl./m² und vier Pflegedurchgänge im Jahr. Ein Ereigniskalender zeigt die Monate der Blüten- und Fruchtschmuckbildung und der Laubfärbung der Versuchspflanzen.

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, American culture has experienced a renewed interest in pandemic events, including the Spanish Influenza pandemic of 1918-1919. Based on research carried out in cemeteries and monuments in Salt Lake City, Utah, this paper compares commemoration practices relating to the Spanish Influenza pandemic and the simultaneous events of First World War within the city. Such research provides evidence that warfare enjoys a greater presence in places of social memory than does disease, suggesting an inequality in the cultural value placed on different causes of death. This outcome is the result of numerous factors and continues to impact the relationship between memory, disease, and American society today.