Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:42:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 karise_Cristofoli.pdf: 4560052 bytes, checksum: c65ff768f6e8c14bf9d24137880d6001 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The discussion of the problems linked to risk of contamination brought about the cemeteries has been restricted to a relatively small portion of society. It is however, an issue of significant importance in the sphere sanitarian, as in the environmental sphere. This study highlights the main problems that cemeteries can cause when it ignored the set of statutory federal and state levels, among which stands out the CONAMA resolution No. 335/2003, the Code of Health of Paraná Law No. 13331/SEMA 2001 and Resolution No. 002/2009. In this context, the present study had the objective was accomplished: the location and mapping of rural cemeteries Francisco Beltrão - PR; the main types of research conducted in these burial cemeteries; risk assessment of environmental contamination in the areas of direct and indirect influence of these developments; conduct the survey and systematization of corrective and preventive measures for areas where irregularities are diagnosed in cemeteries. Several methodological procedures, among which stand out were used to conduct this work: the identification and mapping of existing cemeteries in the rural area of the city of Francisco Beltrão - PR; the application of questionnaires to representatives of communities that have cemetery and interviews with representatives of government agencies responsible for licensing and environmental sanitation sector in the city. In Fieldwork was possible to collect water from fifteen points and mount a database on aspects of the use and distribution of natural elements within and in the neighborhood of cemeteries. As a result we identified 51 municipal cemeteries located in a rural area, of which 95% are held and managed by the community itself without assistance from the government. All cemeteries higher risk of environmental contamination, however, the degree of environmental impact varies with the concurrence of non-conformities in the practice of burials and maintenance of these cemeteries. Through the study concluded that there is no technical support by the Municipality and the emerging need of conducting clarification and training process in communities, especially those residents who become responsible for the daily practices implemented under the cemeteries. We underline the statement at work inserting environmental education activities in order to prevent and, if possible, to minimize the negative impacts of cemeteries. / A discussão dos problemas vinculados ao risco de contaminação propiciado pelos cemitérios tem sido restrita a uma parcela relativamente pequena da sociedade. Trata-se porém, de um tema de significativa importância tanto na esfera sanitarista, quanto na esfera ambiental. Esse estudo destaca os principais problemas que os cemitérios podem causar quando é ignorado o conjunto de normas legais de âmbito federal e estadual, dentre as quais destaca-se a Resolução do Conama nº 335/ 2003, o Código de Saúde do Paraná Lei nº 13331/ 2001 e a Resolução SEMA nº 002/2009. Neste contexto, foi realizada a presente pesquisa que teve como objetivos: a localização e mapeamento dos cemitérios da zona rural de Francisco Beltrão PR; pesquisas dos principais tipos de sepultamento realizadas nestes cemitérios; avaliação dos riscos de contaminação socioambientais das áreas de influência direta e indireta destes empreendimentos; realizar o levantamento e a sistematização de medidas corretivas e preventivas para as áreas nas quais sejam diagnosticadas irregularidades nos cemitérios. Para a realização desse trabalho, foram utilizadas vários procedimentos metodológicos, dentre os quais destacam-se: a identificação e mapeamento dos cemitérios existentes no perímetro rural da cidade de Francisco Beltrão PR; a aplicação de questionários aos representantes das comunidades que possuem cemitério e entrevistas com os representantes de órgãos públicos responsáveis pelo setor de licenciamento e saneamento ambiental na cidade. Em trabalho de campo foi possível coletar água de quinze pontos e montar um banco de dados sobre os aspectos de uso e distribuição dos elementos naturais no interior e na circunvizinhança dos cemitérios. Como resultado identificou-se 51 cemitérios localizados no perímetro rural municipal, dos quais 95% são mantidos e geridos pela própria comunidade sem auxílio do poder público. Todos os cemitérios apresentam riscos de contaminação ambiental, entretanto, o grau de impacto ambiental varia de acordo com a concomitância de inconformidades nas práticas de sepultamentos e de manutenção destes cemitérios. Por meio do estudo realizado concluímos a inexistência de suporte técnico por parte da Prefeitura Municipal e a necessidade emergente da realização de processo de esclarecimento e formação nas comunidades, sobretudo, daqueles moradores que tornam-se responsáveis pelas práticas cotidianas executadas no âmbito dos cemitérios. Salientamos a indicação no trabalho da inserção de atividades de educação ambiental com o intuito de prevenir e, se possível, minimizar os impactos causados pelos cemitérios.

Les cimetières ont commencé à devenir une préoccupation majeure pour les planificateurs urbains à Jakarta en raison de la crise funéraire exprimée par les médias dans les années 2000. Les caractéristiques de Jakarta en tant que métropole densément peuplée et en tant que creuset multiculturel, ont mis la pression sur la fourniture d’espaces funéraires. Le but de cette thèse est d'analyser les défis posés par la gestion funéraire à Jakarta et les solutions trouvées pour faire face à ce problème. Mon approche est de voir Jakarta dans une optique évolutive, avec une analyse des différentes échelles de territoires : la région urbaine étendue, la ville et une région particulière. Une approche descriptive est employée pour tenter de définir la ville : une approche descriptive plus qualitative au niveau micro-régional et une approche plus quantitative au niveau macro-régional. Cette thèse souhaite contribuer aux études urbaines à Jakarta, notamment en ce qui concerne l'étude des funérailles. / Cemeteries have begun to become a concern for urban planners in Jakarta because of the crisis voiced by the media in the 2000s. The characteristics of Jakarta as a densely populated metropolitan and as a multicultural melting-pot, put pressure on the provision of funeral space. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the challenges in the funeral management in Jakarta and the adaptation of the community facing up with this problem. My approach is to study Jakarta through an evolutive lens, with an analysis of different scales of territories: extended urban area, the city, and a selected region. A quantitative descriptive approach is employed to check the characteristics of the city, while a more qualitative descriptive one is used to try understand the phenomenon of the chosen region. This thesis wishes to contribute to urban studies of Jakarta, especially regarding the funeral studies.

The proposed public history project, La Fièvre Jaune, will be one component of a larger exhibit sponsored by the Archdiocese of New Orleans, Office of Archives and Records entitled Song of Farewell: Catholic Cemeteries of New Orleans, focusing on New Orleans’s historic Catholic cemeteries, funeral chapels, relics, and burial rights. Using cemetery and death records, La Fièvre Jaune documents many of the Catholic, largely Irish immigrants struck by yellow fever in 1853 and the role of St. Patrick’s cemetery as the burial site for this population. The epidemic took the lives of some 8,000 people. This project will provide insight into the ways that the Catholic Church in New Orleans responded to the 1853 yellow fever epidemic using photographs, official correspondence, as well as cemetery and death records. The entire exhibit will be housed at the Old Ursuline Convent Museum in the French Quarter.

Building out of recent scholarship that examines the way colonialism has altered Aboriginal peoples relationships with the land, this thesis employs the theories of historical anthropologist Marshall Sahlins, historical philosopher R.G. Collingwood, and historical consciousness with ethnohistorical methods to explore the ways Native people have worked to protect and regain their connections with certain places. In particular, it examines change and continuity in the ways that the Stó:lõ Coast Salish in South Western British Columbia have understood and continue to understand a place called I:yem, located four kilometres north of Yale in the Fraser Canyon. Following a historiographical chapter, two case studies are used to access past and present Stó:lõ understandings of I:yem. The first case study examines the 1938 erection of a memorial there (which incorporated and blended aspects of Roman Catholicism with an articulation of a distinct Stó:lõ identity and assertion of rights) to see how I:yem was understood at the time. The creation of the I:yem Memorial illuminates those aspects of Stó:lõ relationships with I:yem that were considered non-negotiable in the face of rapid change and conflict, namely the continued importance of fishing and ancestors. The second case study, based on oral interviews that I conducted during the joint University of Victoria/University of Saskatchewan Stó:lõ Ethnohistory Fieldschool in June 2007, focuses on the current significance of I:yem and its memorial. Today the Stó:lõ place a greater emphasis on the importance of re-establishing personal connections with the Fraser Canyon in general, rather than in identifying those specific aspects of the relationships that are collectively and communally non-negotiable and in need of being preserved. Over the past seventy years the Aboriginal people of the Fraser Canyon and Valley have employed innovative means to regain and preserve attachments to their places. This thesis explores these processes, fundamentally demonstrating the importance Stó:lõ people attribute to maintaining relationships with place in the face of change.

Building out of recent scholarship that examines the way colonialism has altered Aboriginal peoples relationships with the land, this thesis employs the theories of historical anthropologist Marshall Sahlins, historical philosopher R.G. Collingwood, and historical consciousness with ethnohistorical methods to explore the ways Native people have worked to protect and regain their connections with certain places. In particular, it examines change and continuity in the ways that the Stó:lõ Coast Salish in South Western British Columbia have understood and continue to understand a place called I:yem, located four kilometres north of Yale in the Fraser Canyon. Following a historiographical chapter, two case studies are used to access past and present Stó:lõ understandings of I:yem. The first case study examines the 1938 erection of a memorial there (which incorporated and blended aspects of Roman Catholicism with an articulation of a distinct Stó:lõ identity and assertion of rights) to see how I:yem was understood at the time. The creation of the I:yem Memorial illuminates those aspects of Stó:lõ relationships with I:yem that were considered non-negotiable in the face of rapid change and conflict, namely the continued importance of fishing and ancestors. The second case study, based on oral interviews that I conducted during the joint University of Victoria/University of Saskatchewan Stó:lõ Ethnohistory Fieldschool in June 2007, focuses on the current significance of I:yem and its memorial. Today the Stó:lõ place a greater emphasis on the importance of re-establishing personal connections with the Fraser Canyon in general, rather than in identifying those specific aspects of the relationships that are collectively and communally non-negotiable and in need of being preserved. Over the past seventy years the Aboriginal people of the Fraser Canyon and Valley have employed innovative means to regain and preserve attachments to their places. This thesis explores these processes, fundamentally demonstrating the importance Stó:lõ people attribute to maintaining relationships with place in the face of change.

The cemeteries of the Stó:lõ of Shxwõwhámél and the Métis of Île-à-la-Crosse manifest aspects of kinship, local memorialisations, and identity. When analysed in reference to oral histories and spatial analysis, these cemeteries tell a story of space and Aboriginal values. Often in conflict with Oblate doctrine, these spaces nonetheless, also represent syncretism and Aboriginal agency. The Île-à-la-Crosse cemetery spatially pronounces stories of kinship, or wahkootowin, as discussed by Brenda Macdougall, as well as local memorialisations highlighting the local Ste. Mary adoration of the area. In Shxwõwhámél, kinship and status are represented in the cemeteries, as well as stories of burnings and hanging trees, underlining these values in the Stó:lõ community. Together these cemeteries tell similar stories of Oblate control, exclusion, and syncretism as well as Aboriginal identity and agency in their respective spaces of the dead.

The primary focus of this thesis is to examine the relationship between diet, as reconstructed via stable isotope analysis, and bone lead levels, quantified by trace element analysis for individuals interred at the Royal Naval Hospital Cemetery (RNHC), A.D. 1793-1822, in Antigua, West Indies. Individuals of both African and European ancestries were recovered from this colonial-era cemetery, and samples from their remains were analyzed to determine stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values (as a proxy for diet), and bone lead levels. The data were then compared in order to elucidate any association among the variables. This investigation revealed that the relationship between diet and lead may have been affected by many variables including ancestry, status, agency, and duration of stay in the West Indies. However, from the results presented in this thesis, the strongest correlation between stable isotope signatures and bone lead levels is in the relationship between δ13Ccollagen and lead for individuals consuming a diet primarily consisting of C3 staple starches and C3 fed animals. A secondary focus of this thesis is to estimate the extent to which the individuals interred at the RNHC may have suffered from symptoms of lead poisoning. Through conversion of bone lead levels to blood lead levels, potential symptomatology may be estimated in order to determine the percentage of individuals from the population that may have experienced mild to severe lead poisoning. In this population, a majority of individuals had high enough blood lead levels that they may have suffered from a range of symptoms associated with exposure to lead, which is not inconsistent with historical assertions that lead poisoning was of considerable detriment to the health and well-being of individuals serving in the British military in the colonial Caribbean. This study provides further insight into the health and lifeways of lower-ranking naval personnel and enslaved labourers owned by the Navy in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century West Indies.

This creative project involved preparation of a cultural landscape report for Lindenwood Cemetery in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Using methodologies adapted from the National Park Service and National Register of Historic Places, the report sought to define the existing conditions, historic significance, and appropriate treatment approach for the historic cemetery. Report chapters include site history and contextual documentation, existing conditions assessment, analysis of historic significance and integrity, treatment recommendations, and recommendations for further study. Lindenwood Cemetery was found to be significant for its association with the major four American cemetery design movements and its ability to display all four eras in a single landscape. Overall, Lindenwood retained a high level of integrity from its historic periods of significance advocating a minimally-invasive rehabilitation treatment approach. Treatment recommendations focused on maintenance and repair, guidelines for implementing new uses, and restoration of certain sunken garden elements. / Department of Landscape Architecture

No description available.

This thesis undertakes a complete reinvestigation of the archaeology of a large Early Bronze Age cemetery at İkiztepe in northern Turkey, by utilizing oxygen and strontium isotope analysis of human remains in combination with spatial and biodistance analysis and various dating techniques to identify potential immigrants to the site and to examine larger issues of residential mobility and social organization. The occupation of the Northern Anatolian site of İkiztepe is traditionally assigned to the Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Ages. However, the site’s chronological framework has been challenged in recent years. These chronological issues have been addressed by applying fluoride and AMS radiocarbon dating to the skeletal remains from the İkiztepe cemetery, to develop an absolute and relative chronology for the burials. These results have shown that the cemetery dates at least a millennium earlier than previously supposed. Oxygen and strontium isotope analyses allowed the identification of individuals whose bone chemistry suggests that they were possible long distance immigrants to the site of İkiztepe, as well as suggesting the existence of a group of mobile individuals who may represent a transhumant segment of the İkiztepe population. Spatial and biodistance analyses suggest that principles of cemetery organization in this period were highly complex. Immigrant individuals and nomadic or semi-nomadic segments of the population do not appear to have been distinguished in any observable way from their sedentary local counterparts, displaying similar burial types, grave goods and spatial locations. Furthermore, burial within the İkiztepe cemetery does not appear to have been kin structured. These results suggest that assumptions about funerary practices as important indicators of cultural identity and lineage affiliation may represent an over-simplification of complex patterns of interaction and integration among and within populations and cultural groups.