Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-17T13:43:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 flaviarangeldesouza.pdf: 928380 bytes, checksum: cf3367ab259e0a080c36f809b17947c3 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: on 2017-08-24T11:26:44Z (GMT) / Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-24T15:17:40Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-30T14:31:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T14:31:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / O capim-elefante (Cenchrus purpureus) é uma gramínea perene utilizada na alimentação bovina, principalmente na bovinocultura de leite. Atualmente, devido a sua alta produção de biomassa, o capim-elefante tem sido utilizado como insumo energético na produção de energia térmica (combustão direta, carvão vegetal e resíduos), energia mecânica (álcool combustível e bio-óleos) e energia elétrica (pela combustão, gaseificação e queima de gases). A forma de propagação do capimelefante é preferencialmente vegetativa, através de estacas, e a espécie é conhecida por produzir sementes de baixa germinação, o que dificulta a expansão em grandes áreas. Dessa forma, torna-se necessário avançar no conhecimento a respeito da biologia reprodutiva e gerar conhecimento para auxiliar a seleção de genótipos superiores nos programas de melhoramento do capim-elefante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a taxa de cruzamento do capim-elefante a fim de entender o comportamento reprodutivo na espécie. Para este estudo, 18 indivíduos pertencentes ao Programa de Melhoramento de Capim-Elefante da Embrapa Gado de Leite foram selecionados, e sementes foram coletadas. 20 mudas descendentes de uma mesma planta foram escolhidas, tendo uma população final de 378 indivíduos. Foi inicialmente extraído o DNA de todos os indivíduos, e as regiões de interesse foram amplificadas por PCR. Testes foram realizados com dezenove marcadores microssatélites, e seis obtiveram sucesso na amplificação e na presença de bandas polimórficas. Foi gerado um dendrograma com os parentais para identificar relações de parentesco entre os indivíduos amostrados, que mostrou uma baixa similaridade, sendo a maioria dos parentais com índices menores do que 0,75. Além disso, a AMOVA revelou que 86% da variabilidade da população está presente dentro das progênies, resultado que está de acordo com espécies predominantemente alógamas. A alogamia foi confirmada com resultados da estimativa da taxa de cruzamento: a taxa multilocus, de 0,957; a taxa unilocus, de 0,900; a taxa de autofecundação, de 0,043, além de apresentar coeficiente de endogamia de -0,200 e correlação de paternidade de 0,045, demonstrando que há maior presença de heterose e que são poucos os indivíduos que são irmãos completos. Os resultados apresentados são importantes para o entendimento do tipo de cruzamento presente na espécie e auxiliarão na definição de novas estratégias nos programas de melhoramento. / The Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureum) is a perennial grass used as forage crop mainly in dairy cattle. Nowadays, the Napier grass has been used as energy feedstock, due to high biomass yield, producing thermal energy (direct combustion, charcoal and residues), mechanical energy (biofuels and bio-oils) and electrical energy (through gas combustion, gasification and burn). C. purpureum is, preferably, a vegetative propagation species, that reproduces through stems. Its seeds have low quality, making difficult its expansion in extensive areas. Thus, it is necessary to extend the knowledge about the reproductive biology and selection of superior genotypes in Napier grass breeding programs. The aim of this study was to estimate the outcrossing rate of Napier grass in order to understand the reproductive behavior of this species. For that, 378 individuals were selected and divided in 18 parental and its progenies groups. DNA was extracted from all individuals and selected microsatellite regions were amplified by PCR. A total of 19 microsatellite markers were tested and six were successful in the amplification of polymorphic DNA bands. A dendrogram was generated with parental individuals to identify the relationship among them and a low similarity (<0.75) was found. AMOVA revealed 86% of variability within progenies which correlates with species predominantly alogamic. The allogamy was confirmed through analysis of outcrossing rate: the multilocus rate (0.957), unilocus rate, (0.900), selfing rate (0.043), inbreeding coefficient (-0.200), and correlation of paternity (0.045). These results indicate that heterosis is present and few individuals share the same parental origin. These findings are important to understand the outcrossing rate in this species and may help to define new strategies in breeding programs.

Pastures established using buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) have shown heterogeneous responses in terms of forage production and permanence. A good alternative for determining establishment sites and predict trends in buffelgrass conditions is the use of simulation models. The objectives of this research were to determine the factors that regulate successfulness in buffelgrass pastures and to develop a model to determine suitability in areas managed for buffelgrass pastures, based on environmental, ecological, and management variables. Above ground biomass production was considered to determine suitability in sites with buffelgrass. Eight ranches with different geographic locations, environmental situations, and management conditions were sampled as preliminary study sites to measure and model plant production. The resulting model was used to estimate plant production in the 37 sampling sites of the study areas. Results of the study indicate that basal area is a good modeling parameter to estimate production in buffelgrass plants. I also found that plant production in buffelgrass is negatively affected by population density. I concluded that there exist a positive correlation between pasture management and buffelgrass plant production. Correlation analyses demonstrate that there exist significant correlations between Pasture Condition Index (PCI) and mean annual temperatures, aspect, pasture age, nitrogen and sodium content. However, after performing stepwise regressions, only three variables were significant: pasture age (PA), nitrogen content (N2), and mean annual temperature (MAT); the last two, produce a negative response on PCI.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-04-13T13:49:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GenildoFP_TESE.pdf: 914555 bytes, checksum: d228a0712f89f6d40a7d44bfd5b02841 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-04-13T14:40:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GenildoFP_TESE.pdf: 914555 bytes, checksum: d228a0712f89f6d40a7d44bfd5b02841 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-04-13T14:43:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GenildoFP_TESE.pdf: 914555 bytes, checksum: d228a0712f89f6d40a7d44bfd5b02841 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-13T14:44:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GenildoFP_TESE.pdf: 914555 bytes, checksum: d228a0712f89f6d40a7d44bfd5b02841 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-17 / The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the performance of Andropogon grasses (Andropogon gayanus Kunth), Buffel (Cenchrus ciliary L.) cv. Grass and Massai (Panicum maximum x Panicum infestum) at ages 21, 35, 49 and 63 days. The experiments were carried out at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte - IFRN Campus Apodi, in the period from June to December 2014. The evaluations were carried out in two stages, which yielded three scientific papers. In the first stage, information was addressed regarding the forage species, which were emphasized morphogenetic and structural characteristics and the production and chemical composition of corn in different regrowth ages. In the second stage, it was shown the evaluation of animal performance using hay of the three studied forages, which analyzed the nutrient intake, feeding behavior and sheep performance. For morphogenic and structural evaluation the andropogon presented late vegetative development, contrary to the development presented by buffel grass. Grasses Andropogon, Buffel and Massai increase the production of dry matter with advancing age of regrowth, the andropogon showed higher growth rates of dry matter (469.41%). It occurred only difference between the grasses and Andropogon Massai, from 49 days of regrowth. The crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and lignin components were more varied with increasing regrowth period in all forage species. In assessing the performance of animals fed with hay, it was observed that the regrowth ages influenced rumination, reducing its efficiency with advancing age. The daily weight gain of the animals fed the massaigrass hay and grass Andropogon hay did not differ, but differed from the buffel grass hay. The daily weight gain was not influenced by the age of grasses. Overall analysis showed that the thesis information interrelation helped to determine the best way to choose the forage species to the region, reaching the conclusion that in the conditions, the Massai and Andropogon grasses stood by vegetative best performance and best responses to animals. / O objetivo desta Tese foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo dos capins Andropogon (Andropogon gayanus Kunth), Buffel (Cenchrus ciliares L.) cv. Grass e Massai (Panicum maximum x Panicum infestum) nas idades de 21, 35, 49 e 63 dias. Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte – IFRN, Campus Apodi, no período de junho a dezembro de 2014. As avaliações foram realizadas em duas etapas, que geraram três artigos científicos. Na primeira etapa, foram abordadas informações referentes às espécies forrageiras, onde foram enfatizadas as características morfogênicas e estruturais e a produção e composição química das gramíneas nas diferentes idades de rebrota. Na segunda etapa, foi evidenciada a avaliação do desempenho animal utilizando o feno das três forrageiras estudadas, onde foi analisado o consumo de nutrientes, comportamento ingestivo e o desempenho de ovinos. Para avaliação morfogênica e estrutural o capim-andropogon apresentou desenvolvimento vegetativo tardio, contrário ao desenvolvimento apresentado pelo capim-buffel. Os capins Andropogon, Buffel e Massai aumentam a produção de matéria seca com o avanço da idade de rebrota, o capim-andropogon apresentou maiores crescimentos de matéria seca (469,41%). Ocorreu diferença apenas entre os capins Massai e Andropogon, a partir dos 49 dias de rebrota. A proteína bruta, a fibra em detergente neutro e a lignina foram os componentes que mais variaram com o aumento do período de rebrota em todas as espécies forrageiras estudadas. Na avaliação de desempenho dos animais, alimentados com feno, foi observado que as idades de rebrota influenciaram a ruminação, diminuindo sua eficiência com o avanço da idade. O ganho de peso diário dos animais alimentados com o feno de capim-massai e feno de capim-andropogon não diferiram entre si, mas diferiram do feno de capim buffel. O ganho de peso diário não foi influenciado pela idade dos capins. Em análise geral, observou-se que a inter-relação de informações da Tese contribuiu para determinar a melhor forma de eleger a espécie forrageira para a região, chegando-se a conclusão que, nas condições apresentadas, os capins Massai e Andropogon se destacaram pelo melhor desempenho vegetativo e melhores respostas aos animais / 2017-04-13

Submitted by Rebeka Godeiro (rebeka_carvalho@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-21T12:49:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALBERTO JEFFERSON DA SILVA MACÊDO - DISSETAÇÃO ZOOTECNIA 2018.pdf: 3604549 bytes, checksum: cc2db5d074017596cb0db0a6266af30d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-21T12:49:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALBERTO JEFFERSON DA SILVA MACÊDO - DISSETAÇÃO ZOOTECNIA 2018.pdf: 3604549 bytes, checksum: cc2db5d074017596cb0db0a6266af30d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-20 / Capes / Essa dissertação foi composta por dois experimentos. No primeiro experimento teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial agronômico e características morfológicas de 34 genótipos de palma destinadas a produção de forragem. Os genótipos foram implantados em delineamento em blocos completos casualizados, com 34 tratamentos e três repetições. Após 330 dias de cultivo realizou-se medições biométricas das características morfológicas, verificação de mortalidade, ocorrência de pragas e doenças e corte das plantas para aferição da produção agronômica. A produção de massa verde se correlacionou com produção de massa seca, acúmulo de água, eficiência de uso da água, acúmulo de água e número de cladódio por planta. Os genótipos indicados para cultivo são Negro Michoacan (V07), Tamazunchale (V12), Califórnia (V14), Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (V17) e Amarillo 2289 (T32) por terem apresentado maiores produções de massa seca e verde, como também maiores acúmulo de água, eficiência de uso da água e capacidade de suporte. No segundo experimento objetivou-se avaliar o padrão de fermentação e a degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca de silagens sob a forma de ração. Cinco rações foram formuladas com base em palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill cv. Gigante) e capim-buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e três repetições em que as rações diferiram na proporção de capim-buffel (0, 15, 25, 30 e 35%, com base na matéria natural). Observou-se efeito para a composição química das rações, todos os teores de matéria seca (MS) estavam dentro da faixa ideal para uma adequada fermentação. Não houve efeito para concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal. Houve efeito para recuperação da matéria seca (RMS), que variou de 96,3 a 99,9%. Os valores de pH diminuíram à medida que o tempo de abertura (dias) foi prolongado. Os teores de ácidos orgânicos diferiram em todas as rações. No entanto, em geral, todas as rações apresentaram conteúdo de ácido láctico satisfatório. À medida que aumentou a proporção de capim-buffel nas rações, a degradação da MS diminuiu. Com base no perfil de fermentação, perdas e composição química, a ração com maior proporção de palma forrageira pode ser recomendada para produção de silagem. / This dissertation was composed by two experiments. In the first experiment, the objective was to evaluate the agronomic potential and morphological characteristics of 34 cactus pear genotypes destined for forage production. The genotypes were implanted in a randomized complete block design, with 34 treatments and three replications. After 330 days of cultivation, biometric measurements of the morphological characteristics, mortality check, pest and disease occurrence, and crop cutting were performed for agronomic production. Green mass production correlated with dry mass production, water accumulation, water use efficiency, water accumulation and cladode number per plant. The genotypes indicated for cultivation are Negro Michoacan (V07), Tamazunchale (V12), Califórnia (V14), Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (V17) e Amarillo 2289 (T32) for having presented higher yields of dry and green mass, as well as greater accumulation of water, water use efficiency and carrying capacity. In the second experiment, the objective was to evaluate the fermentation pattern and the in situ degradability of dry matter of silages in the form of diet. Five diets were formulated based on spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill cv. Gigante) and buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris). The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and three replications in which the diets differed in the proportion of buffelgrass (0, 15, 25, 30 and 35%, based on natural matter). Effect was observed for the chemical composition of the diets, with all dry matter (DM) contents were within the ideal range for adequate fermentation. There was no effect on ammonia nitrogen concentration. There was effect for dry matter recovery (RMD), which ranged from 96.3 to 99.9%. The pH values decreased as the opening time (days) was prolonged. The levels of organic acids differed in all diets. However, in general, all diets had satisfactory lactic acid content. As the proportion of buffelgrass increased in diets, the degradation of DM decreased. Based on the profile of fermentation, losses and chemical composition, the diet with higher a proportion of spineless cactus can be recommended for silage production.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:34:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlanoAL_DISSERT.pdf: 625245 bytes, checksum: 758c6ad36203861c8f47bb2ac610a464 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-17 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The production of forage grasses is directly related to the morphogenesis. The knowledge of the morphogenetic and structural variables of forage plants is important for determining appropriate conditions of grazing livestock to ensure efficient and sustainable. Thus the objective of this study was to evaluate morphogenetic and structural responses of three genera of grasses, Brachiaria, Panicum and Cenchrus in a cutting regime. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications and six treatments. After each section were evaluated for forage production, appearance and elongation rates of leaves and stem, phyllochron, final leaf length, number of living leaves, leaf lifespan, leaf senescence rate, tiller density and tiller dynamics. On forage yield the highest values were obtained in cultivars Xaraes, Piata and Massai. The tiller density was higher for cv Massai. It is concluded that the cultivars of Panicum and Brachiaria had a higher tillering dynamics in increasing the turnover rate of tissues that are indicators of forage production, assuming that the cultivars of these genera are predisposed to use forage in the Northeast / A produ??o das gram?neas forrageiras est? diretamente relacionada com a morfog?nese. O conhecimento das vari?veis estruturais e morfog?nicas das plantas forrageiras ? importante para a determina??o das condi??es do pasto adequadas para assegurar produ??o animal eficiente e sustent?vel. Com isso o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as respostas morfog?nicas e estruturais de gram?neas de tr?s g?neros, Brachiaria, Panicum e Cenchrus em regime de corte. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso com tr?s repeti??es e seis tratamentos. Ap?s cada corte foram feitas avalia??es de produ??o de forragem, taxas de aparecimento e alongamento de folhas e colmo, filocrono, comprimento final da folha, n?mero de folhas vivas, dura??o de vida da folha, taxa de senesc?ncia de folhas, densidade populacional de perfilhos e din?mica de perfilhamento. Na produ??o de forragem os maiores valores foram obtidos nas cultivares Xara?s, Piat? e Massai. A densidade populacional de perfilhos foi maior para a cultivar Massai. Conclui-se que, as cultivares de Panicum e Brachiaria obtiveram uma maior din?mica no perfilhamento o que aumenta a velocidade de renova??o de tecidos que s?o indicadores da produ??o de forragem, admitindo que as cultivares avaliadas desses g?neros s?o forrageiras predispostas a utiliza??o na Regi?o Nordeste

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphogenesis, structural and productive access of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.). The experiment was conducted at the Department of Technology and Social Sciences (DTCS) University of Bahia (UNEB) in Juazeiro-BA, from November 2008 to January 2009. The experimental design was completely randomized with six accessions of buffel grass (Tanzania, Pusa Giant, Aridus, Buchuma, Iran and Biloela) and five replicates, totaling 30 experimental units. The accesses differ statistically (P <0.05) in most variables, especially in morphogenetic and structural variables. However, these differences did not influence morphogenetic and structural parameters productive. It was observed that the buffel grass provides a mean rate of appearance of one leef every four days in each tiller, with a lifetime of leef 17 days, keeping ten per tiller / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características morfogênicas, estruturais e produtivas de acessos de capim-buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris L.). O experimento foi realizado no Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais (DTCS) da Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), em Juazeiro-BA, no período de novembro de 2008 a janeiro de 2009. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com seis acessos de capim-buffel (Tanzânia, Pusa Giant, Áridus, Buchuma, Irã e Biloela) e cinco repetições, totalizando 30 unidades experimentais. Os acessos diferiram estatisticamente (P<0,05) na maior parte das variáveis analisadas, principalmente nas variáveis morfogênicas e estruturais. Entretanto essas diferenças morfogênicas e estruturais não influenciaram nos parâmetros produtivos. Observou-se que o capim-buffel apresenta uma taxa de aparecimento média de uma folha a cada quatro dias em cada perfilho, com um tempo de vida da folha de 17 dias, mantendo dez folhas vivas por perfilho.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Botany))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) is an invasive, perennial, C₄ bunchgrass. Buffelgrass has a rapid invasion rate, a tendency to displace native vegetation, and presents a fire risk to native plant communities, adjacent developed areas and their associated infrastructure. Mechanical control is impractical and unable to keep pace with regional spread. Chemical control has offered the most promise for successful and cost-effective management on a regional scale. The predominant herbicide used to control buffelgrass is glyphosate, which requires active vegetative growth when applied for optimum uptake and translocation to meristematic tissue. The timing and duration of active growth is difficult to predict. In this dissertation I addressed three related topics to improve effectiveness of buffelgrass management in the Sonoran Desert. First, I used digital time-lapse photography and weather data to predict the timing and length of future active growth based on day of year and antecedent weather at three sites in the Sonoran Desert near Tucson, AZ that were representative of habitats currently infested by buffelgrass in the region. I was able to correctly predict greenness above or below a threshold of herbicide susceptibility at 81 to 95% for a basin floor site and at 61-88% for slope sites. Second, I evaluated the effects of different rates of two herbicides (imazapic and clethodim), alone or in combination with different rates of glyphosate, for pre- (imazapic only) and postemergence control of buffelgrass. I found a minimum glyphosate application rate of 2.52 kg ae ha⁻¹ glyphosate consistently killed mature buffelgrass plants; clethodim at had no effect on mature buffelgrass; and imazapyr was successful in killing mature plants when applied during the dormant season at 0.56 kg ae ha⁻¹ and provided preemergence control. Imazapic severely damaged but did not kill mature buffelgrass plants at the maximum label rate of 0.21 kg ae ha⁻¹. Finally, we evaluated results from a helicopter broadcast herbicide application trial conducted in the Tucson Mountains. We demonstrated that most species and life forms were less affected than buffelgrass to glyphosate deposition rates achieved in the study, but asserted that procedural changes were necessary to achieve effective buffelgrass control.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Botany))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Botany))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.