La vérification formelle de programme n'apporte pas de garantie complète si l'outil de vérification est incorrect. Et, si un programme est vérifié au niveau source, le compilateur pourrait introduire des bugs. Les compilateurs et vérifieurs actuels sont complexes. Pour simplifier l'analyse et la transformation de code, ils utilisent des représentations intermédiaires (IR) de programme, qui ont de fortes propriétés structurelles et sémantiques. Cette thèse étudie d'un point de vue sémantique et formel les IRs, afin de faciliter la preuve de ces outils. Nous étudions d'abord une IR basée registre du bytecode Java. Nous prouvons un théorème sur sa génération, explicitant ce que la transformation préserve (l'initialisation d'objet, les exceptions) et ce qu'elle modifie et comment (l'ordre d'allocation). Nous implantons l'IR dans Sawja, un outil de développement d'analyses statiques de Java. Nous étudions aussi la forme SSA, une IR au coeur des compilateurs et vérifieurs modernes. Nous implantons et prouvons en Coq un middle-end SSA pour le compilateur C CompCert. Pour la preuve des optimisations, nous prouvons un invariant sémantique de SSA clé pour le raisonnement équationnel. Enfin, nous étudions la sémantique des IRs de Java concurrent. La définition actuelle du Java Memory Model (JMM) autorise les optimisations aggressives des compilateurs et des architectures parallèles. Complexe, elle est formellement cassée. Ciblant les architectures x86, nous proposons un sous-ensemble du JMM intuitif et adapté à la preuve formelle. Nous le caractérisons par ses réordonnancements, et factorisons cette preuve sur les IRs d'un compilateur. / An end-to-end guarantee of software correctness by formal verification must consider two sources of bugs. First, the verification tool must be correct. Second, programs are often verified at the source level, before being compiled. Hence, compilers should also be trustworthy. Verifiers and compilers' complexity is increasing. To simplify code analysis and manipulation, these tools rely on intermediate representations (IR) of programs, that provide structural and semantic properties. This thesis gives a formal, semantic account on IRs, so that they can also be leveraged in the formal proof of such tools. We first study a register-based IR of Java bytecode used in compilers and verifiers. We specify the IR generation by a semantic theorem stating what the transformation preserves, e.g. object initialization or exceptions, but also what it modifies and how, e.g. object allocation. We implement this IR in Sawja, a Java static analysis toolbench. Then, we study the Static Single Assignment (SSA) form, an IR widely used in modern compilers and verifiers. We implement and prove in Coq an SSA middle-end for the CompCert C compiler. For the proof of SSA optimizations, we identify a key semantic property of SSA, allowing for equational reasoning. Finally, we study the semantics of concurrent Java IRs. Due to instruction reorderings performed by the compiler and the hardware, the current definition of the Java Memory Model (JMM) is complex, and unfortunately formally flawed. Targetting x86 architectures, we identify a subset of the JMM that is intuitive and tractable in formal proofs. We characterize the reorderings it allows, and factor out a proof common to the IRs of a compiler.

Submitted by biblioteca unifenas (biblioteca@unifenas.br) on 2017-08-29T19:04:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Beatriz Gandini Bittencourt de Oliveira Dissertação.pdf: 644023 bytes, checksum: fb715380e0b038a30a86c1bed9a7bec2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-29T19:04:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Beatriz Gandini Bittencourt de Oliveira Dissertação.pdf: 644023 bytes, checksum: fb715380e0b038a30a86c1bed9a7bec2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-11 / Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer, and Minas Gerais, the state responsible for most of the coffee production in the country. In recent decades many changes have occurred in the production and consumption involving the coffee sector. Consumers and coffee buyers are more demanding about the social, environmental, economic and qualitative criteria; if the product is in compliance with labor laws, that is. Consequently, seeking to aggregate more value to their coffee production, farmers felt the need to find new methods to meet this new market niche. The Fair Trade certification has emerged as a good alternative to increase the benefit which was perceived by consumers of a differentiated coffee. Therefore, farmers associated with the Cooperative of Family Farmers from Poço Fundo were interviewed on five occasions in the meetings of the cooperative members. The study case showed that the income obtained from the marketing of the coffee with the Fair Trade certification led the farmers to better conditions to maintain a greater economic balance. Since they receive a fairer price for their coffee, the profits are reinvested in their rural properties. It is noteworthy that the participation in the Cooperative strengthened the farmers and gave them more tranquility and the feeling of being safe in their commercial transactions. It was observed that after the Fair Trade certification farmers have adopted sustainable practices which take into account the preservation of the environment. / O Brasil é o maior produtor de café do mundo, sendo Minas Gerais, o estado responsável pela maior produção cafeeira no país. Nas últimas décadas, diversas mudanças têm ocorrido na produção e no consumo envolvendo o setor cafeeiro. Os consumidores e compradores de café estão mais exigentes quanto aos critérios sociais, ambientais, econômicos e qualitativos, ou seja, se os produtos adquiridos estão de acordo com o cumprimento das leis trabalhistas. Consequentemente, os produtores rurais sentiram a necessidade de buscar novos métodos para a produção de café para atender a esse novo nicho de mercado procurando agregar mais valor à produção. A certificação Fair Trade surgiu como uma boa alternativa para aumentar o benefício percebido pelos consumidores de um café diferenciado. Diante disso, foram entrevistados produtores rurais associados à Cooperativa dos Agricultores Familiares de Poço Fundo, em cinco ocasiões, nas reuniões dos cooperados. Verificou-se nesse estudo de caso que a renda, através da comercialização do café com a certificação Fair Trade, acarretou melhores condições para os produtores rurais manterem o equilíbrio econômico. Os lucros são revertidos para as suas propriedades rurais, pois recebem um preço mais justo pelo café. Destaca-se que a participação na cooperativa fortaleceu e deu a eles mais tranquilidade e segurança nas transações comerciais. Observou-se que, após a certificação Fair Trade, os produtores rurais adotaram práticas mais sustentáveis, levando-se em consideração, a preservação do meio ambiente.

Submitted by biblioteca unifenas (biblioteca@unifenas.br) on 2017-08-29T19:57:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Beatriz Gandini Bittencourt de Oliveira Dissertação.pdf: 644023 bytes, checksum: fb715380e0b038a30a86c1bed9a7bec2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-29T19:57:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Beatriz Gandini Bittencourt de Oliveira Dissertação.pdf: 644023 bytes, checksum: fb715380e0b038a30a86c1bed9a7bec2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-11 / Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer, and Minas Gerais, the state responsible for most of the coffee production in the country. In recent decades many changes have occurred in the production and consumption involving the coffee sector. Consumers and coffee buyers are more demanding about the social, environmental, economic and qualitative criteria; if the product is in compliance with labor laws, that is. Consequently, seeking to aggregate more value to their coffee production, farmers felt the need to find new methods to meet this new market niche. The Fair Trade certification has emerged as a good alternative to increase the benefit which was perceived by consumers of a differentiated coffee. Therefore, farmers associated with the Cooperative of Family Farmers from Poço Fundo were interviewed on five occasions in the meetings of the cooperative members. The study case showed that the income obtained from the marketing of the coffee with the Fair Trade certification led the farmers to better conditions to maintain a greater economic balance. Since they receive a fairer price for their coffee, the profits are reinvested in their rural properties. It is noteworthy that the participation in the Cooperative strengthened the farmers and gave them more tranquility and the feeling of being safe in their commercial transactions. It was observed that after the Fair Trade certification farmers have adopted sustainable practices which take into account the preservation of the environment. / O Brasil é o maior produtor de café do mundo, sendo Minas Gerais, o estado responsável pela maior produção cafeeira no país. Nas últimas décadas, diversas mudanças têm ocorrido na produção e no consumo envolvendo o setor cafeeiro. Os consumidores e compradores de café estão mais exigentes quanto aos critérios sociais, ambientais, econômicos e qualitativos, ou seja, se os produtos adquiridos estão de acordo com o cumprimento das leis trabalhistas. Consequentemente, os produtores rurais sentiram a necessidade de buscar novos métodos para a produção de café para atender a esse novo nicho de mercado procurando agregar mais valor à produção. A certificação Fair Trade surgiu como uma boa alternativa para aumentar o benefício percebido pelos consumidores de um café diferenciado. Diante disso, foram entrevistados produtores rurais associados à Cooperativa dos Agricultores Familiares de Poço Fundo, em cinco ocasiões, nas reuniões dos cooperados. Verificou-se nesse estudo de caso que a renda, através da comercialização do café com a certificação Fair Trade,acarretou melhores condições para os produtores rurais manterem o equilíbrio econômico. Os lucros são revertidos para as suas propriedades rurais, pois recebem um preço mais justo pelo café. Destaca-se que a participação na cooperativa fortaleceu e deu a eles mais tranquilidade e segurança nas transações comerciais. Observou-se que, após a certificação Fair Trade,os produtores rurais adotaram práticas mais sustentáveis, levando-se em consideração, a preservação do meio ambiente.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第22838号 / 人健博第80号 / 新制||人健||6(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 若村 智子, 教授 任 和子, 教授 武藤 学 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-perceptions certified public high school teachers in the fine arts have toward their roles as artist and instructional staff member.

No description available.

Doctor Educationis / This Study Investigates Halal certification from a consumer's perspective. Traditionally, Halal certified food products are associated with the Islamic faith, but they're becoming among non-Muslim consumers. This study focuses on consumers' perceptions and attitudes towards the consumptions of Halal certified food products in Cape Town.

This quantitative, retrospective, multivariate, non-experimental study examined the first-time performance of 2,673 academic nurse educators who took the CNE examination between September 28, 2005 and September 30, 2011. Post-positivism and Abbott's system of the professions theory served as the philosophical and theoretical underpinnings of this original research which attempted to determine if a relationship existed between educational preparation or years of full-time faculty employment (independent variables) and first-time pass/fail performance on the CNE examination and in each of content areas (dependent variables). The Chi-square test of independence revealed the lack of a statistically significant relationship between educational preparation and first-time pass/fail performance on the CNE examination. Independent t-tests revealed a statistically significant relationship between Option B study participants and content area three (use assessment and evaluation strategies), (t[2,671] = -2.20, p = .03); four (participate in curriculum design and evaluation of program outcomes), (t[2,671] = -2.06, p = .04); and six (engage in scholarship, service, and leadership), (t[2,671] = -2.34, p = .02). Binary logistic regression revealed that a one year increase in full-time employment resulted in a 1.05 times greater likelihood of passing the CNE examination (OR = 1.05; 95% CI 1.03, 1.06; p = .00). Last, simple linear regression revealed that years of full-time faculty employment contributed to 3.2% of the variability within content area four, 2.8% within content area six, and 2.1% within content area three. The results of this study provide insight about faculty development and mentoring needs, present evidence to policy makers and nursing education leaders, and offer guidance to curricula developers.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study described the education courses in Master of Science in Nursing Education (MSN Ed) degree and post-master’s certificate (PMC) in nursing education programs and determined which of the eight NLN Core Competencies, used to certify nurse educators, were represented. Data regarding the required credit hours, practicum hours, distance accessibility, and preparation for the Certified Nurse EducatorCM (CNE) Examination also were collected. The study used a descriptive design using a web scraping technique. Program information was obtained from the accrediting bodies for graduate nursing programs in 2015. Course description data were obtained from web pages via curriculum plans, course catalogs, graduate handbooks, or other institutional web pages. Data were collected from each program website, collated, uploaded, and analyzed. In both types of programs, evidence was found for the NLN Core Competencies: Facilitate Learning (97%), Participate in Curriculum Design and Evaluation of Program Outcomes (97%), Use Assessment and Evaluation Strategies (95%), Pursue Continuous Quality Improvement in the Nurse Educator Role (88%), Engage in Scholarship (45%), Function as a Change Agent and Leader (30%), Facilitate Learner Development and Socialization (28%), and Function within the Educational Environment (12%). Only 36% and 40% of MSN Ed and PMC in nursing education programs, respectively, were completely distance accessible. Required credit hours varied from 28 to 65 for the entire MSN Ed and from 6 to 47 for the nursing education courses. PMC credit hours varied from 3 to 45. Practicum clock hours, for both programs, ranged from 60–500 while practicum credit hours ranged from 1–18. Revision of MSN Ed and PMC curricula is indicated to improve inclusion of content in all competency areas. Moreover, increasing the number of distance accessible programs may encourage more nurses to consider a master’s degree or post-master’s certificate in nursing education.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18885号 / 医博第3996号 / 新制||医||1009(附属図書館) / 31836 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 中山 健夫, 教授 福原 俊一, 教授 小池 薫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM