Neste trabalho usamos o Interacting glúon Model (IGM), um modelo que descreve bem o fluxo de energia em colisões hadrônicas, para estudar o espectro de partícula dominante quando são incluídos os efeitos da saturação dos glúons. Os espectros de partícula dominante são obtidos para várias energias do centro de massa (s^1/2), usando funções de distribuição dos glúons com e sem efeitos de saturação. Verificamos que, em qualquer caso, há um \"amolecimento\"do espectro, mas os espectros obtidos com saturação variam mais suavemente com a energia do que os que não incluem saturação. Comparamos nossos resultados com outras estimativas feitas na literatura. / In this work we use the Interacting Gluon Model (IGM), a model that describes quite well the energy flow in hadronic collisions, to study the leading particle spectrum when gluon saturation effects are included. The leading particle spectrum is calculated for several center of mass energies (s^1/2), using gluon distribution functions with and without saturation effects. In both cases the resulting spectrum becomes softer for increasing energies. With saturation the softening is less pronounced than without.

Neste trabalho usamos o Interacting glúon Model (IGM), um modelo que descreve bem o fluxo de energia em colisões hadrônicas, para estudar o espectro de partícula dominante quando são incluídos os efeitos da saturação dos glúons. Os espectros de partícula dominante são obtidos para várias energias do centro de massa (s^1/2), usando funções de distribuição dos glúons com e sem efeitos de saturação. Verificamos que, em qualquer caso, há um \"amolecimento\"do espectro, mas os espectros obtidos com saturação variam mais suavemente com a energia do que os que não incluem saturação. Comparamos nossos resultados com outras estimativas feitas na literatura. / In this work we use the Interacting Gluon Model (IGM), a model that describes quite well the energy flow in hadronic collisions, to study the leading particle spectrum when gluon saturation effects are included. The leading particle spectrum is calculated for several center of mass energies (s^1/2), using gluon distribution functions with and without saturation effects. In both cases the resulting spectrum becomes softer for increasing energies. With saturation the softening is less pronounced than without.

Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-08-02T21:23:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_Francieli_Fatima_Cima.pdf: 1522443 bytes, checksum: 765fffef828845aa25396ca45a86542e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-08-16T18:03:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_Francieli_Fatima_Cima.pdf: 1522443 bytes, checksum: 765fffef828845aa25396ca45a86542e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T18:03:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_Francieli_Fatima_Cima.pdf: 1522443 bytes, checksum: 765fffef828845aa25396ca45a86542e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Batatas com polpa colorida contêm altas concentrações de antioxidantes, incluindo ácidos fenólicos, antocianinas e carotenoides. Esses fitoquímicos apresentam efeitos terapêuticos e promotores da saúde humana, exercendo papel-chave na prevenção e/ou tratamento de doenças crônicas. O crescente interesse nos benefícios à saúde adquiridos através da alimentação tem contribuído para o aumento do consumo dessas batatas “especiais” e crescimento de um mercado especializado. Para atender a demanda desse nicho de mercado é imprescindível o desenvolvimento de cultivares de polpa colorida e, para o rápido progresso, é fundamental a escolha correta dos genitores e procedimentos eficientes de seleção. Nesse sentido, foram desenvolvidos três estudos. O primeiro visou estimar capacidade de combinação de clones de batata de polpa colorida e de polpa creme e amarelo claro para caracteres de aparência externa e interna e de rendimento de tubérculos. Foram avaliadas oito famílias segregantes de batata, em modelo de dialelo parcial (3x3). Verificou-se que há predomínio de efeitos aditivos de genes no controle de caracteres de aparência e de rendimento de tubérculos. O segundo estudo visou estimar parâmetros genéticos de caracteres de aparência externa e interna e de rendimento de tubérculos, e suas implicações na seleção, em uma população híbrida constituída de 12 famílias segregantes para cor da polpa. Os resultados sugerem que pode se aplicar forte pressão de seleção para os caracteres cor da película, cor predominante da polpa, cor secundária da polpa e distribuição da cor secundária, e seleção leve a moderada para profundidade de gemas, formato e aparência geral de tubérculo, na primeira geração clonal. O terceiro estudo visou caracterizar 12 clones de batata de polpa colorida quanto à concentração de compostos bioativos, caracteres de qualidade industrial e de rendimento de tubérculos. Os clones C2715-01-09, C2721-22-09 e C2743-01-09 apresentam elevadas concentrações de compostos bioativos e alta capacidade antioxidante, além de boas características de qualidade de processamento e bom potencial produtivo. O clone C2743-09-09 é o mais produtivo e possui atributos para fritura, porém apresenta teores mais baixos de compostos bioativos e atividade antioxidante mediana. / Colored fleshed potatoes contain high concentrations of antioxidants, including phenolic acids, anthocyanins and carotenoids. These phytochemicals have therapeutic effects and promoters of human health, playing a key role in the prevention and/or treatment of chronic diseases. The growing interest in the health benefits acquired through food has contributed to increase consumption of these "special" potatoes and growth of a specialized market. In order to meet the demand of this market niche, the development of colored fleshed varieties is essential, and for a fast progress it is fundamental the correct parental choice and efficient selection procedures. In this sense, three studies were developed. The first aimed to estimate combining ability of colored fleshed and cream and light yellow fleshed potato clones in the external and internal tuber appearance, and tuber yield. Eight segregating potato families were evaluated using a partial diallel design (3x3). It was verified that there is a predominance of additive effects of genes in the control of tuber appearance and yield traits. The second study aimed to estimate genetic parameters of tuber external and internal appearance and yield traits, and their implications on selection, in a hybrid population consisting of 12 segregating families for flesh color. The results suggest that a high pressure of selection can be applied to the traits color of the skin, predominant color of the flesh, secondary color of the flesh and distribution of secondary color, and mild to moderate selection for bud depth, shape and overall appearance of tuber, in the first clonal generation. The third study aimed to characterize 12 colored flesh potato clones as to the concentration of bioactive compounds, processing quality traits and tuber yield. Clones C2715-01-09, C2721-22-09 and C2743-01-09 present high concentrations of bioactive compounds and high antioxidant capacity, besides good processing quality traits and good yield potential. The clone C2743-09-09 is the most productive and has frying attributes, but presents lower levels of bioactive compounds, and medium antioxidant activity.

Group 3 and 4 complexes bearing linked cyclopentadienyl amido ligands, often referred to as constrained geometry complexes (CGCs), have experienced considerable interest due to their superior ability to copolymerise ethylene and higher alpha-olefins when activated with suitable co-catalyst.The work presented in this thesis aimed to replace the most commonly applied bridge in CGCs, which is silicon based, by one containing boron. The potential of the bridging element to have Lewis acidic character was expected to positively alter the catalytic activity of the activated species and possibly allowing for self-activation.Synthetic approaches to ligand precursors based on aminoboranes, diaminodiboranes(4) and ferrocenylboranes are described. Starting from the dihalo derivatives of these boranes, sequential substitution of the halides by one equivalent each of a cyclopentadienide derivative and an amide allowed the synthesis and isolation of a broad range of new CGC ligand precursors.Complexation of these ligand precursors to Group 4 metals was studied by utilising various protocols. The reaction with Group 4 tetraamides via amine elimination was the most successful yielding numerous new boron-bridged CGCs and related complexes in which the boron-bridged ligand binds in a non-chelating fashion.The newly synthesised compounds were fully characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, supplemented by X-ray diffraction studies where applicable.Studies on the reactivity of boron-bridged CGCs in the presence of alkylating agents indicated susceptibility of the boron atom to nucleophilic attack resulting in a decomposition of the linking moiety between the cyclopentadienyl and amido fragments. This is as well reflected in the data gathered from polymerisation experiments, in which methylaluminoxane activated boron-bridged CGCs displayed a low activity towards ethylene polymerisation, but a high activity towards styrene polymerisation. Such characteristics are comparable to unbridged compounds, e.g. [(eta5-C5H5)TiCl3], rather than silicon-bridged CGCs, thus suggesting degradation of the boron-bridged CGCs to unbridged complexes under polymerisation conditions.

The physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is oilseed species belonging to Euphorbiaceae family with a widespread distribution in tropical regions. The quality and high oil content in seeds, perenicity and rusticity makes this species a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. However, the success of this insertion involves research ranging from the exploration of divergent genetic materials to selection and acquisition of productive cultivars. In this context, this study aimed to assess the combining ability of jatropha access for agronomic traits of interest, as well as information about genetic parameters associated with morphological and agronomic characters, and investigate their correlations. The study was carried out in the Experimental Farm of the UFS during the year 2012 in hybrids of jatropha evaluated up to 24 months. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three replications and plots with six plants. There were evaluated seed yield (PR), plant height (PH), number of secondary branches (NRS), the number of female flowers (NFF), stem diameter (DC), 100-seed weight (P100 ), branching height (AR) and crown diameter (DCO). The general combining ability (GCA) was significant for the variables PR, DC, NRS and AR (Group 1) and P100 and NRS (Group 2), whereas specific combining ability (SCA) was significant for variables NFF and NRS. The sum of squares due to GCA was higher than the sum of squares due to SCA for the majority of traits, indicating that the additive effects of loci are more important than the dominance effect loci. The genitors JCUFS-04 and JCUFS-05 highlight from the others for concentration of favorable alleles. The consistent estimation of the coefficient of genetic variation allows us to infer the existence of significant genetic variability among hybrids. The characters which more contributed to genetic diversity were NFF (20.99%), DC (16.83%), PR (15.06%), and NRS (14.06). High, significance and positive genotypic correlations were recorded among (NRS), (DC), (DCO) and grain yield (PR). / O pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.) é uma espécie oleaginosa da família Euphorbiaceae com ampla distribuição em regiões tropicais. A qualidade de óleo e alto teor nas sementes, perenicidade e rusticidade fazem desta espécie uma matéria-prima potencial para produção de biodiesel. Todavia, o sucesso desta inserção passa por pesquisas que vão desde a prospecção de materiais genéticos divergentes, até a seleção e obtenção de cultivares produtivos. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a capacidade combinatória de acessos de pinhão-manso, para caracteres de interesse agronômico, bem como, obter informações acerca de parâmetros genéticos associados a caracteres morfo-agronômicos, e investigar a correlação entre estes. O trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda experimental da UFS durante o ano de 2012 em híbridos de pinhão-manso avaliados até os 24 meses de idade. O delineamento experimental empregado foi em blocos casualizados com três repetições e parcelas compostas por seis plantas. Os caracteres avaliados foram rendimento de sementes (PR), altura de planta (AP), número de ramos secundários (NRS), número de flores femininas do racemo floral (NFF), diâmetro de caule (DC), massa de 100 sementes (P100), altura de ramificação (AR) e diâmetro de copa (DCO). A capacidade geral de combinação (CGC) foi significativa para as variáveis PR, DC, NRS e AR (Grupo 1) e para P100 e NRS (Grupo 2), enquanto a capacidade específica de combinação (CEC) foi significativa para as variáveis NFF e NRS. A soma de quadrados devido à CGC foi maior que a soma de quadrados devido à CEC para a maioria dos caracteres, indicando que os locos de efeito aditivo têm maior importância que os locos de efeito dominante. Os genitores JCUFS-04 e JCUFS-05 se destacaram dos demais quanto à concentração de alelos favoráveis. As estimativas consistentes dos coeficientes de variação genética permitem inferir sobre a existência de variabilidade genética significativa entre os híbridos obtidos. Os caracteres que mais contribuíram para a diversidade genética encontrada entre a populações foram, NFF (20,99%), DC (16,83%), PR (15,06%) e NRS (14,06). Altas e significativas correlações genotípicas positivas foram registradas entre (NRS), (DC), (DCO) e o rendimento de grãos (PR).

Du fait de son très grand potentiel de découverte, l'entrée en activité du Large Hadron Collider (LHC) au CERN est très attendue par toute la communauté de la physique des particules. En effet, les énergies disponibles ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives dans de nombreuses thématiques. En particulier, elles permettront de tester expérimentalement différents formalismes de la ChromoDynamique Quantique (QCD) élaborés depuis ces dernières années afin d'étudier les collisions hadroniques dans la limite des hautes énergies. La théorie du Color Glass Condensate (CGC) est l'un d'entre eux et prédit un régime de saturation, au sein des noyaux, de la densité<br />partonique dans le domaine des très petits x, domaine largement accessible au LHC. Le CGC présente un grand intérêt dans l'étude des collisions d'ions lourds ultra-relativistes plomb-plomb puisqu'elle permet d'en décrire les conditions initiales du système qui évoluera vers un état où les quarks et les gluons sont déconfinés : le Plasma de Quarks et de Gluons (PQG). ALICE est l'expérience du LHC dédiée à l'étude du PQG dont l'une des voies d'étude est la mesure de la production des quarkonia lourds à l'aide d'un spectromètre à muons. Couvrant un domaine de rapidité entre −4 < y < −2.5, ce dernier peut s'avérer particulièrement intéressant pour étudier le CGC.<br />La première partie de ce travail présente les tests de performances des chambres de trajectographie du spectromètre à muons équipées avec l'électronique d'acquisition finale CROCUS. Ils ont conduit à poser les bases du processus de calibration de l'électronique frontale. La seconde partie concerne des simulations effectuées sur<br />certains paramètres électroniques pouvant affecter les performances du spectromètre à muons. La dernière partie développe les prédictions du modèle du CGC pour la production de quarks lourds et la manifestation des effets de saturation via la mesure des muons issus de ces quarks.

Το Internet επεκτείνεται και οι χρήστες του αυξάνονται με ρυθμούς γεωμετρικής προόδου. Ήδη διαδραματίζει καθοριστικό ρόλο στην ταξιδιωτική βιομηχανία. Και στην πραγματικότητα αποτελεί την κύρια δεξαμενή άντλησης οποιασδήποτε μορφή πληροφόρησης της ταξιδιωτικής βιομηχανίας. Αν και αποτελούν νέες σχετικά έννοιες τα δίκτυα κοινωνικής ενημέρωσης αλλά και το περιεχόμενο (UGC) που παράγεται από τους καταναλωτές κερδίζουν συνεχώς μερίδιο στους ταξιδιωτικούς καταναλωτές και έτσι επηρεάζουν όλο και πιο έντονα τις αποφάσεις τους. Οι αποφάσεις τους αυτές έχουν σαν συνέπεια να αυξάνουν όλο και περισσότερο το μέρος της τουριστικής ζήτησης που μετακινείται προς το ηλεκτρονικό εμπόριο. Αφού εξεταστούν οι επιπτώσεις του UGC, στην ταξιδιωτική βιομηχανία, στην οποία οι μονάδες φιλοξενίας έχουν το μεγαλύτερο μερίδιο αγοράς, η έρευνα αυτή θα εστιαστεί κυρίως στις επιπτώσεις που ήδη έχει επιφέρει, στις ξενοδοχειακές μονάδες του ευρύτερου κέντρου της Αθήνας. Θα εξετάσει διεξοδικά τις συσχετίσεις που επιφέρουν τα reviews των καταναλωτών στον καθορισμό της τιμής των ξενοδοχείων, θα εξετάσει τις συσχετίσεις που μπορούν να έχουν οι παρεχόμενες υπηρεσίες των ξενοδοχείων στην διαμόρφωση των βαθμολογιών των κυριότερων ταξιδιωτικών σελίδων. Θα γίνει μία καταγραφή των κυριοτέρων από αυτές και θα επεξεργαστούν τα στοιχεία- σχόλια που έχουν οι επτά δημοφιλέστερες. Θα ερευνηθούν οι συσχετίσεις των βαθμολογιών με τις κατηγορίες των ξενοδοχείων της Αθήνας, τόσο σε επίπεδο αστέρων όσο και σε επίπεδο μεγέθους. Θα εξετάσει την συμπεριφορά των διάφορων ομάδων που στέλνουν σχόλια στο διαδίκτυο σε σχέση με τι διάφορες κατηγορίες των ξενοδοχείων. Επίσης θα ερευνηθούν οι διαφορές θερινής και χειμερινής τιμής και πως αυτές επηρεάζονται από την αξιολόγηση των ταξιδιωτικών ιστοσελίδων, σε συνδυασμό με τις διάφορες κατηγορίες. Tέλος, θα ερευνηθούν οι συσχετίσεις των βαθμολογιών με τις τιμές και τα κύρια χαρακτηριστικά των ξενοδοχείων (παροχές, απόσταση από μέσα μεταφοράς, απόσταση από κέντρο κλπ.) αλλά και αντίστροφα το κατά πόσο οι τιμές επηρεάζονται και με ποιό πρόσημο και ένταση από τις αξιολογήσεις των ταξιδιωτικών ιστοσελίδων. Η επιρροή τους στην τιμή και επομένως στον ανταγωνισμό, μήπως οδηγεί σε "παραπλανητικά" σχόλια; Ποια η αξιοπιστία τους; Θα μετρηθεί με τεστ αξιοπιστίας όλων των ταξιδιωτικών ιστοσελίδων και θα συγκριθεί με υπάρχοντα επαγγελματικά εμπορικά εργαλεία. Τέλος, θα προσπαθήσει η έρευνα αυτή να βρει εργαλεία τα οποία με απλούς αλλά δόκιμους τρόπους θα προσπαθήσουν να εκτιμήσουν την τιμή που μπορούν να έχουν οι ξενοδοχειακές μονάδες και αν μπορέσουν να ξεπεράσουν τα reliability test, να εξεταστεί η δυνατότητα της εφαρμογής τους σαν ένας εναλλακτικός τρόπος τιμολόγησης, πέρα από τις συνήθεις μεθόδους τιμολόγησης κόστους και ανταγωνισμού. / The Internet expands and users are increasing at a rate of geometric progress. Already plays a key role in the travel industry. And the reality is the main tank pumping any form of information of the travel industry. Although these are new concepts for the networks social media and content (UGC-) produced by consumers are gaining market share in travel consumers and thus affect more and more strongly their decisions. Their decisions have resulted to increase more and more the part of tourist demand that moves toward e-commerce. After examining the effect of the UGC-, in the travel industry, in which the hospitality units have the largest market share, this research will focus mainly on the effects which already has brought ,the hotel units of the larger center of Athens. We will examine in detail the assignments which bring about the reviews of the consumer in determining the price of hotels, will examine the correlations which can have the services of hotels in configuration of scores of major travel pages. There will be a record of the main from them and draw up the data; reviews the seven most popular. We will investigate the correlations of the scores for each of the categories of hotels in Athens, both star and sizes. We will examine the behavior of the various groups to send comments on the internet in relation to what various categories of hotels. It will also investigate the differences between summer and winter price and that those affected by the assessment of travel sites, in conjunction with the various categories.Finally, will investigate the correlations of scores with the values and the main features of the hotel (facilities, distance from transport, distance from center etc. ) and vice versa whether prices are influenced and with what sign and intensity of the evaluations of travel sites. Their influence on price and therefore in competition, that leads to a "misleading" comments? What their credibility? Will be measured with test reliability of all travel sites and will be compared with existing professional commercial tools. Finally, we will try to research this to find tools with simple but trainee ways will try to appreciate the value that may have been the hotel units and if they can overcome the reliability test, to examine the possibility of implementing them as an alternative billing method, apart from the usual methods cost pricing and competition.