Diversos problemas de transporte, observados nas grandes metrópoles, têm sido mitigados com o aumento da capacidade da infraestrutura viária, voltada à circulação de veículos motorizados individuais. Com isso observa-se, atualmente, aumento dos congestionamentos, das poluições sonora e ambiental, mudanças climáticas e redução nos índices de atividade física da população. Uma alternativa encontrada por muitas cidades é a transformação de seu sistema viário em um local atrativo para utilização dos Modos Ativos de Transporte – realização de viagens a pé ou de bicicleta. Nesse sentido, a cidade de Porto Alegre desde 2010 vem aumentando a quantidade de ciclovias e ciclofaixas disponíveis. No entanto, a literatura indica que existem diversos outros fatores que influenciam na decisão por usar a bicicleta como modo de transporte, principalmente para os deslocamentos até o trabalho. Dessa forma, essa dissertação teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto que a implantação de vestiário, bicicletário, empréstimo de bicicletas, treinamento para trafegar de bicicleta e ciclovias disponíveis nas principais vias de Porto Alegre, causariam na probabilidade dos funcionários da Companhia Riograndense de Saneamento (CORSAN) utilizarem a bicicleta para realizar pelo menos dois deslocamentos por semana entre a sua casa e o trabalho. Para isso foi realizada uma Pesquisa de Preferência Declarada, incluindo essas variáveis e características socioeconômicas dos funcionários. A análise das medidas foi realizada utilizando o Modelo Logit Ordenado. Foi observado que o impacto da implantação das melhorias propostas possui magnitude maior que as características socioeconômicas das pessoas. Pessoas que atualmente utilizam o automóvel particular para seus deslocamentos diários são menos propensos à inclusão da bicicleta nos seus deslocamentos, assim como as que possuem filhos. A disponibilidade de vestiário com chuveiro e armário mostrou-se a variável mais importante para o estímulo do uso da bicicleta. A presença de um bicicletário interno e seguro, disponibilidade de bicicletas para empréstimo no local de trabalho e a presença de ciclovias no trajeto também apresentaram impactos significativos. O impacto da disponibilidade de treinamento para o uso de bicicleta foi significativamente menor que os observados nas outras variáveis. Considerando a viabilidade econômica e os benefícios observados, recomenda-se a implantação de vestiário e bicicletário, como medida de estímulo ao uso da bicicleta para os deslocamentos até o trabalho. / Most metropolitan areas mitigate transportation problems by increasing road infrastructure for motorized vehicles. This practice results in an increase in traffic congestion, noise and environmental pollution and reduction in the population’s physical activity levels. Many cities have tackled these externalities by transforming their road system into an attractive environment for Active Transport Modes - walking or cycling. As an example, the city of Porto Alegre has invested in the expansion of its cycling network since 2010. According to the literature, cycling infrastructure is one of the main factors that influence the use of bicycle for transportation, especially to work. The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the impact of implementing different measures to improve the use of bicycle for commutes using as case study Companhia Riograndense de Saneamento (CORSAN). The evaluated measures included availability of changing rooms, cycle parking, bike sharing systems, training on bicycle use, and cycle paths. An Ordered Logit Model was estimated based onStated Preference data. The impact of the proposed measures has greater magnitude than employee’s socioeconomic characteristics. Individuals who currently use the private car for commute are less likely to use bicycles for those trips, as well as those with children. The availability of a changing room with shower and locker proved to be the most important variable to increase bicycle use among CORSAN employees. Cycle parking inside the building in a safe place, a bike sharing system and the presence of cycle paths along the way also had significant impacts. The impact of training availability for bicycle use was significantly lower, compared to other variables. This research also suggests that implementation of changing room and appropriate parking facilities for bicycles are affordable and important measures to promote the use of bicycle for commutes to work.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Cristina Zampieri Sellmann.pdf: 4121399 bytes, checksum: 764161e93a9e33a69a1ec08162e7221c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-09 / This study concerns the relation between change management and the efficacy of process innovations implementation in a highly dynamic and competitive environment the Telecommunication s segment. As prime objective, it intended to discover the most relevant aspects in this relation. For this reason, a process innovation inductive micro-environment was selected aiming to observe the implications of the change management practices in the efficacy of its implementation, generated by the adoption of the Recof (Regime Aduaneiro de Entreposto Industrial sob Controle Informatizado). An exploratory nature research was carried out, with the application of the qualitative method and the utilization of in-depth interviews with persons responsible for the implementation of this special regime and also with its main participants, in three major companies in this segment Siemens, Motorola and Ericsson Telecommunications. The collected data was treated by means of content analysis obtaining categories related to the characterization of the change and its management, to the kind and efficacy of process innovations implementation and to the relevant aspects of the influential relation between these two subjects. The analysis of the results revealed that the planning of activities, the commitment, the engagement of the participants and the support from the top management were the aspects of the change management that most contributed for the efficacy of the process innovations implementation that were essentially incremental. These were the most relevant discoveries in the influential relation. Additionally it was observed that, although all the phases of the changing process preconized in the literature were not followed, highly significant level of efficacy was obtained. Considering this, it was concluded that the changing process phases assume distinct relevance when related to efficacy in an environment such as the telecommunications. / Este estudo trata da relação entre a gestão da mudança e a eficácia na implementação das inovações de processo em um ambiente altamente dinâmico e competitivo - o segmento das Telecomunicações. Como objetivo principal, buscou-se descobrir os aspectos mais relevantes nessa relação. Para tanto, foi selecionado um micro-ambiente indutor de inovações de processo para se poder observar as implicações das práticas da gestão da mudança na eficácia da sua implementação, geradas pela adoção do Regime Aduaneiro de Entreposto Industrial sob Controle Informatizado (Recof). Foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória, com aplicação do método qualitativo, e a utilização de entrevistas em profundidade com as pessoas responsáveis pela implantação desse regime especial e com os seus principais participantes, em três empresas de grande representatividade no segmento Siemens, Motorola e Ericsson Telecomunicações. Os dados foram tratados por meio da análise de conteúdo tendo sido obtidas categorias relacionadas à caracterização da mudança e sua gestão, ao tipo e eficácia da implementação das inovações de processo e aos aspectos relevantes da relação de influência entre os dois fenômenos. A análise dos resultados revelou que o planejamento das atividades, o comprometimento, o envolvimento dos participantes e o suporte da alta direção foram os aspectos da gestão da mudança que mais contribuíram para a eficácia da implementação das inovações de processo que foram essencialmente incrementais. Essas foram as descobertas mais relevantes na relação de nfluência. Adicionalmente observou-se que, apesar de não ter sido seguido todo o roteiro das fases do processo de mudança conforme preconizado pela literatura, obteve-se um nível significativo de eficácia. Com isso, se concluiu que as fases do processo de mudança assumem importância distinta quando relacionadas à eficácia em um ambiente como o das telecomunicações.

The intent of this exploratory study was to discover the cultural significance of an Apache ritual, the Sunrise Ceremony, as it relates to the physical, mental, and emotional well-being of the Apache individual, family, and community at large. The ethnographic methodology was used to gather data because this design provided the most systematic and flexible process to generate the widest range of information necessary for describing this culture from the native's point of view. Four culturally relevant domains were developed and analyzed to reveal five cultural themes, including "It's my strength," "Women are the core of living here," "It Tells You the Story of the Beginning," and "Change is Sad--Alcohol is Bad." The findings suggest that because the Sunrise Ceremony is central to the Apache way of life, its values and culture, an understanding of the Sunrise Ceremony can assist in the development of accurate nursing assessments and successful interventions to improve the collective health and well being of the Apache people. Additionally, recommendations for nursing practice and further research are proposed.

Cette thèse est composée de deux parties. Nous étudions dans la première la conjecture de Wilf pour les semi-groupes numériques et la résolvons dans certains cas. Dans la seconde nous considérons une classe de semi-groupes presque arithmétiques et donnons pour ces semi-groupes des formules explicites pour la base d’Apéry, le nombre de Frobenius, et les nombres de pseudo-Frobenius. Nouscaractérisons aussi ceux qui sont symétriques (resp. pseudo-symétriques). / The thesis is made up of two parts. We study in the first part Wilf’s conjecture for numerical semigroups. We give an equivalent form of Wilf’s conjecture in terms of the Apéry set, embedding dimension and multiplicity of a numerical semigroup. We also give an affirmative answer for the conjecture in certain cases. In the second part, we consider a class of almost arithmetic numerical semigroups and give for this class of semigroups explicit formulas for the Apéry set, the Frobenius number, the genus and the pseudo-Frobenius numbers. We also characterize the symmetric (resp. pseudo-symmetric) numerical semigroups for this class of numerical semigroups.

AfrikaansIn die vroeë Transvaalse koerante se korrespondensiekolomme, sowel as in die eerste Afrikaanse Bybel en die spelreëls vanaf 1875, is ‘n verskynsel bemerk waarvoor daar in dié studie rekenskap gegee word, naamlik dat daar n tydstip was waarin daar ‘n tipe Afrikaans (ATA) bestaan het wat van sowel huidige AB-Afrikaans as AB-Nederlands van die begin van die eeu verskil het. Hiérdie Afrikaans bewys dus dat daar iewers in die ontwikkelingsgang van Afrikaans ‘n proses van vernederlandsing moes plaasgevind het, want ABA en ABN vertoon tans groot ooreenkomste, terwyl die vroeë Transvaalse Afrikaans ‘n karakteristieke eiesoortigheid weerspieel. Vernederlandsing impliseer taalverandering en taalverandering geskied op verskeie wyses: deur middel van natuurlike ontwikkeling, taalkontak, taalversteuring, ensovoorts. In hierdie studie word veral gelet op die produktiewe prosesse van taalverandering wat in Afrikaans werksaam was, te wete sosiale verandering en grammatikale verandering/reëluitbreiding. Laasgenoemde begin in die vorm van variante/wisselvorme - heel moontlik as gevolg van botsende lae, naamlik tussen ‘n standaardnorm en nie-standaardnorm. Die variante vertoon ‘n kenmerkende verspreiding wat in die formule Informele taalgebruik gaan formele taalgebruik voorafuitgedruk kan word. In die meertalige situasie aan die Kaap het daar verskeie nie-standaardvorme van die doelwittaal, Nederlands, bestaan. Omdat taalverandering vanuit die nie-standaardlaag (hierdie informele vlak) van ‘n taal plaasvind, het een van die nie-standaardvorme van Nederlands sekere veranderinge as gesproke taal begin vertoon en sodoende is die proses van die verafrikaansing van die nie-Standaardnederlands vol trek. Tydens die Engelse periode in Suid-Afrika moes Nederlands en Afrikaans hul kragte saamsnoer om teen die magtige kultuurtaal, Engels, te bly voortbestaan. Die aanslag is inderdaad afgeweer en hierna het Afrikaans Nederlands geleidelik as hoëfunksietaal begin vervang. Afrikaans is in 1925 as amptelike taal naas Engels erken – ‘n taal wat in daardie stadium nog nie volle wasdom bereik het nie, maar volgens Regeringsordonnansie sy plek as volwaardige taal as Engels moés inneem. Die eie Afrikaanshede wat diensbaar was aan die nuwe omstandighede van die bestaan is behou, maar verder is daar in hierdie wordingstryd na Nederlands teruggegryp ten opsigte van die woordeskat, spreekwoorde, sinsbou, woordorde, spelling en spelreëls, die wetenskaplike en tegnologiese terminologie, selfs in die daarstelling van ‘n eie Afrikaanse Bybel - die proses van vernederlandsing waaroor hierdie studie dit het. English In this study an account is given of a phenomenon which becomes apparent when studying correspondence columns of the earliest Transvaal papers, the first Afrikaans Bible as well as Afrikaans spelling rules (as from 1875), viz. that there is a distinguishable difference between early written Afrikaans as used in the Transvaal, and modern Afrikaans, and even between this early Afrikaans and Dutch. This clearly proves that there was a time when Afrikaans did not resemble presentday Afrikaans. Why the change? Change in a language is a natural phenomenon. If change takes place in a multilinguistic situation, it may result in the development of so-called non-standard varieties of the dominant language. From 1652 onwards there existed a multilinguistic speech community in South Africa in which different non-standard varieties of the dominant language, Dutch, were found. One of these non-standard varieties developed into Afrikaans (the process of change always originates at a stage of non-standard usage) . In this way the process of Afrikaansification ("verafrikaansing") became complete. When English became the dominant language in South Africa, Dutch as the formal "high" language and Afrikaans as the so-called "low" variety had to combine forces in order to survive the onslaught of Anglicising influences. Afrikaans eventually replaced Dutch as the "high" language and even became one of the official languages of South Africa in 1925. This meant that Afrikaans had to hold its own in opposition to English, but it was a question of whether Afrikaans was vigorous enough to do so. As it obviously was not, it had to borrow from the Dutch lexicon, spelling system, word order and syntactic patterns, as well as from Dutch scientific definition and technical terminology. It even took Dutch as a model for the translation of the first Bible in Afrikaans. Thus, the process of the Dutchification of Afrikaans became a reality. This process may be illustrated as follows: Dutch -----> Afrikaansification -----> Back to Dutch (Thus: Dutchification). staan(en) -----> staat ----> staan / Thesis (DLitt)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Afrikaans / unrestricted

I arbetet mot människohandel och prostitution understryks vikten av att minska efterfrågan på sexköp, det vill säga att få män sluta köpa sex. Med detta är det därför relevant att skapa en förståelse för hur man kan få sexköpare att ändra sitt beteende för att på så sätt stoppa den sexuella exploatering av kvinnor som sker genom sexhandel. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka yrkesverksammas erfarenheter av sexköpare som söker hjälp respektive sexköpare som inte gör det, för att skapa en förståelse för vad som gör att sexköpare ändrar sitt beteende. Studien bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med yrkesverksamma från hela Sverige, materialet har sedan analyserats med tematisk analys. I resultatet framgår det att det som upplevs vara betydande för en beteendeförändring hos män som köper sex är att skapa motivation samt medvetenhet hos männen. För att detta ska hända anses det vara betydelsefullt att komma åt sexköparnas kognitiva struktur som gör att de exempelvis rättfärdigar sitt beteende och där med fortsätter med beteendet. Vidare anses även att lära sig hantera sina känslor på ett hälsosamt sätt samt att det finns konsekvenser för sexköp vara betydande för att få män att sluta köpa sex. / In the fight against human trafficking and prostitution many emphasize the importance of working towards reducing the demand, in other words, decreasing the number of men who buy sex. Therefore, it can be considered important to create an understanding of how to get sex buyers to change their behavior and by doing so, stop the sexual exploitation of women through sex trade. The purpose of this study is to examine the experiences of professionals who meet sex buyers who get help changing their behavior and sex buyers who do not, in order to create an understanding what makes men who buy sex change their behavior according to professionals. The study is based on qualitative interviews with professionals from different parts of Sweden and has been analyzed using thematic analysis. The result confers the importance of creating motivation and awareness among sex buyers, in order to get them to change their behavior. To make this happen, it is considered important directing efforts to reconstruct the cognitive structure of the sex buyers, which for instance justifies their behavior and thereby counteract changing it. Furthermore, results from the interviews also indicated that it is important for the men to learn how to manage their emotions in a non-dysfunctional way, along with the existence of consequences for buying sex.

This master thesis deals with calculations and simulations of multi-speed induction motors. In the first part, basic principle of these machines is described. Next, there are given three examples of pole-changing stator windings and their properties are analyzed (winding factors, magnetomotive force). Main part includes simulations and measuring of the specific motor, which is produced by company Siemens Mohelnice. This is the motor with 2/1 pole-changing in Y/YY connection. First, influence of skewed rotor slots on current and torque is analyzed. Next, parametres of motor from simulations are given and these results are compared to measured values.

This thesis deals with the analysis methods used to fundamental frequency detection and methods for changing the fundamental frequency of the audio signal containing vocals. It also explores general musical intonation theory. On the basis of this analysis, suitable methods are selected for the follow realization software fine-tuning vocal audio signal.

Real-world optimisation problems often are of a dynamic nature. Recently, much research has been done to apply particle swarm optimisation (PSO) to dynamic environments (DE). However, these research efforts generally focused on optimising one variation of the PSO algorithm for one type of DE. The aim of this work is to develop a more comprehensive view of PSO for DEs. This thesis studies different schemes of characterising and taxonomising DEs, performance measures used to quantify the performance of optimisation algorithms applied to DEs, various adaptations of PSO to apply PSO to DEs, and the effectiveness of these approaches on different DE types. The standard PSO algorithm has shown limitations when applied to DEs. To overcome these limitations, the standard PSO can be modi ed using personal best reevaluation, change detection and response, diversity maintenance, or swarm sub-division and parallel tracking of optima. To investigate the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches, a representative sample of algorithms, namely, the standard PSO, re-evaluating PSO, reinitialising PSO, atomic PSO (APSO), quantum swarm optimisation (QSO), multi-swarm, and self-adapting multi-swarm (SAMS), are empirically analysed. These algorithms are analysed on a range of DE test cases, and their ability to detect and track optima are evaluated using performance measures designed for DEs. The experiments show that QSO, multi-swarm and reinitialising PSO provide the best results. However, the most effective approach to use depends on the dimensionality, modality and type of the DEs, as well as on the objective of the algorithm. A number of observations are also made regarding the behaviour of the swarms, and the influence of certain control parameters of the algorithms evaluated. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Computer Science / unrestricted

In this master thesis, several cooling systems for PV-systems have been looked into by doing a smaller literature review and then a cooling module for a BIPV-panel was built out from the knowledge gathered. The cooling module used a PCM material separated into 12 bags and then placed in a 3x4 shaped pattern fastened to an aluminium plate that in turn was placed on the back of a PV-panel. This was tested in first a pilot test and then tested outdoors on panels with insulation on its back to simulate BIPV-panels. Temperature data from behind the panel was gathered with and without the cooling module and then compared with each other with added ambient temperature. It was found that the PCM cooled down the panels during similar weather conditions where the outside temperature and the amount of clouds where approximately the same, and it was also found that PCM technologies needs to be more optimised in terms of its material use, the amount of material, and its arrangement for it to be used in PV-panels. An economical calculation was made and it was found that it wasn't economically viable as it takes 14 years for the PV-panel with cooling to pay for itself while it takes 13 years for the PV-panel with cooling to pay for itself. These results are then discussed in comparison to other systems and earlier work done. / I denna exjobbsrapport så har ett antal olika kylningssystem till PV-paneler setts igenom genom en mindre litteraturstudie. Därefter byggdes en kylningsmodul för en BIPV utifrån den kunskapen som samlats in. Kylningsmodulen använde sig utav ett PCM material som var uppdelat mellan 12 påsar som placerades i ett 3x4 mönster som fästs på baksidan av en aluminiumplåt som i sin tur placerades på baksidan utav PV-panelen. Denna testades först i ett pilottest och sedan utomhus på paneler som isoleras baktill för att simulera BIPV-paneler. Temperaturdata samlades in från panelens baksida, med och utan kylnings modul, som sedan jämfördes med varandra samt omgivningens temperatur. Slutsatsen är att PCM kyler panelen under liknande väderförhållanden där ute temperaturen och molnigheten var ungefär densamma, men att PCM behöver optimeras mer i form av användningen av materialet, mängden av material, och hur det sätts upp som kylning på PV-paneler. En ekonomisk kalkyl genomfördes som visar att det inte är ekonomiskt gångbart eftersom det tar 14 för PV-panelen med kylning att betala av sig själv medan det tar 13 år för PV-panelen utan kylning att göra det. Dessa resultat diskuteras sedan i jämförelse med andra system och tidigare arbeten som gjorts inom området.