The central part of the thesis consists of the chronological arrangement and discussion of the coin series struck by the Chian mint from the beginning of the Hellenistic period (c 332 BC) down to its demise during the late Roman Imperial period (c 270 AD). After establishing a sequence of issue for the individual series I consider other aspects of the coinage, such as patterns of issue, links with the economy, and developments in typology and denominations. These topics are presented and discussed in general chapters following that of the coin series. The study of coin typology has contributed to our knowledge of Chian society and economy of the period. For example the adoption and permanent use of sphinx type on the obverse of the coinage offered the opportunity to trace the development of the main civic symbol of an ancient Greek city over a continued period of six centuries. The wine amphora appearing on the reverse of most coins revealed that this jar was manufactured locally at Chios throughout the Roman period, which archaeology has failed to record. This finding has repercussions on our idea of contemporary Chian economy since it constitutes strong evidence that the export of wine -known to have been an important economic activity for Chios in earlier periods- continued after Roman domination. A separate chapter on the denominational system at Chios proved of particular importance for understanding the denominations used in the Eastern Greek world in general, since Chian coinage of the Roman period is one the few bearing marked denominational values. Numismatic findings have also contributed much to the meager information we have on the local history during Hellenistic and Roman periods. The last chapter discusses the Chian issues as economic objects and their circulation overseas. The study has established a link between the Chian trade pattern and foreign finds of this coinage during the same period.

Increasing attention has been given to the preparation and study of compounds with linear chains of metal atoms surrounded by four ligands. The majority of linear trimetal complexes are supported by dpa, the anion of dipyridylamine, having the general formula M3(dpa)4X2, where X is typically a monoanion. It has been shown that the behavior of the trinuclear system is far more complicated than might have been expected. Specifically, both symmetrical and unsymmetrical chains can occur and the interpretation of the magnetic properties of certain compounds has been a challenging task. Present in this dissertation is the bulk of work completed on an exploration of syntheses and characterizations of linear trichromium and trinickel compounds with different types of tridentate ligands. These ligands include 2,6-bis(phenylamino)pyridine,H2BPAP, (the corresponding dianion of this is denoted by BPAP) and a set of five unsymmetrical formamidines with different organic substituents ranging from strong electron-donating groups, such as -OCH3, to electron-withdrawing groups, e.g., F. Ligands impact on the trimetal chain in various ways. In the case of the M3(BPAP)42- ions, there are no axial interactions because these anionic species do not attract electron donating ligands. Thus they have properties which are different from those of M3(dpa)4X2 molecules. Most notably, the Ni3(BPAP)42- ion is diamagnetic and all three nickel ions can be described as square-planar, low-spin NiII centers. ivWhen unsymmetrical formamidines are used to support linear trichromium chains with a Cl anion at each end, the separation between terminal chromium atoms is significantly longer (ca. 0.15 - 0.25) than those in trichromium compounds reported earlier. Moreover, the unsymmetrical formamidinates tend to support symmetrical trichromium chains, while the rest of the known tridentate ligands typically yield unsymmetrical Cr36+ chains. The synthesis and structural studies of trinickel compounds with unsymmetrical formamidines are also presented.

<p>In this study, attempts were made to diversify the application of potato starch based biopolymer as foam-grade materials. To improve foamability, which is largely dependent on melt strength, it is possible to modify hydrolyzed starch based biopolymers by bulk modification with bi- and multi- functional epoxy chain extenders. The modification work was carried out using a twin screw extruder (TSE) and an internal batch mixer (Haake Mixer) with four different chain extenders. The modified blends were characterized by Parallel Plate Rheometry, DSC, Intrinsic Viscosity and SEM techniques. Finally, foamability of the modified blends was examined by using supercritical CO₂ as a physical blowing agent in a high-pressure batch vessel. Variables such as saturation pressure, saturation time and saturation temperature were adjusted to determine their influence on the cell morphology of the foamed parts.</p> <p>The multi-functional epoxy chain extenders effectively increased the bulk melt viscosity and reduced the crystalline content of both hydrolyzed starch based biopolymers. The intrinsic viscosity measurements were quantified the chain extension reaction, which primarily occurred in the PLA/AAC or PLA phase in both biopolymers and the starch phase made no contribution towards increased bulk melt viscosity. The multi-functional Joncryl^® ADR 4370S was the most effective chain extender for improving the stability of foams by yielding smaller cell size and higher cell density in comparison with the original biopolymer during the batch foaming process at 10 MPa saturation pressure and 30 min saturation time. The use of other chain extenders proved to be mostly ineffectual in producing uniform cellular structure in their corresponding modified biopolymer at those same processing conditions.</p> / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

男女愛情問題方面，東洋古來鮮有公開研究。東西方文化之差異，此為其中一原因。 余在此論文主研討中國古代男女關係─亦可謂女性倫理觀─、以便了解中國文化之特 質及其生成。不但中國、即受儒家思想影響的韓國李朝，亦頗有關係。今試分析評價 男尊女卑思想，為將來中國與韓國之社會前途作一參考並有所展望，此固吾之所願也 。 第一章緒論：論及本論文寫作之目的。在於研討中國支代婦女在中國文化發展上之役 能，地位與男性關係之變遷。換言之，亦即探求所謂「三從四德七出」之形成背景， 以其結果，以展望以後之男女與夫婦關係。 第一節中國倫理觀 一、中國倫理觀之特質： 二、中國倫理之起源：（一）由於對自然之敬畏。（二）由於對死亡之恐懼。（三） 人性之發展。（四）行動之節制。 第二章先秦時代之倫理觀 第一節三皇五帝之傳說時代：推想當時，母權社會、在女尊男卑之觀念之下，男女之 關係，只屬異性關係。 第二節首述歷史初期─夏殷─之男女關係：據地下材料，例如仰韶、龍山及甲骨等 之資料，可推想當時倫理，即為(1) 家族制度業已確立。(2) 男女有別。(3) 有尊重 婦女之風俗。(4) 有孝親敬老之風俗。(5) 有互助合群之美俗。男女之間強弱之關係 。 第三章漢代女性倫理觀 第一節、政治社會及宗教思想與婦女倫理觀之影響。 第二節、劉向列女傳之女性倫理觀。 第三節、班昭女誡之女性倫理觀。 第四節、後漢書列女傳之女性倫理觀。 第五節、漢代女性倫理觀之實況。 第四章結論：中國婦女向以順服於丈夫，盡事於舅姑為己務，只為維持中華傳統， 鞏固宗法社會與政治組織。因而中國婦女不得不百般忍受而成政治上之犧牲。中國男 女平等權之獲取雖較西歐為晚，但中國婦女以柔順、貞靜、遵禮之態度協助男性創造 中原大一統之國，人口繁衍，民族愛好和平與中庸，不可分裂，進而形成中華五千年 之傳統文化。若中國婦女未耐於如上所述之政治犧牲，至今不能產生如此偉大民族。 /