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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Comportamento alimentar, Parâmetros Hematológicos e População de Ciliados Ruminais em ovinos da raça Crioula Lanada Serrana / The ingestive behavior, hematologic parameters and ciliate rumnal populations in lambs of the crioula wool serrana breed

Schmidt, Luciano Zacca 01 November 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCV06MA055.pdf: 446840 bytes, checksum: d29d16e3496cd8a5392464b7e5ac68ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-01 / This study centered on the effects of the age at the 120, 180 and 240 days, concerning the feeding behavior and the ponderal performance of twenty-one lambs from the Crioula Wool Serrana breed. The experiment was held in a farm located at Ponte Alta, SC. The lambs were weaned with 60 days of age and kept in 5-hectare enclosures, fed with native grass and missionary grass (Axonopus sfissifolius) in association with rye-grass cultivated (Lollium perene L.) and red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) with water and mineral salt ad libitum. At night the lambs were kept in the pasture and did not have any additional food. The animals were vermifugated and vaccinated against enterotoxemy. Samples of 10 ml from the jugular vein were collected, with the addition of 3 ml Etileno-diamino-tetraceticodissodic anti-coagulant of 10%, by employing 0,1 ml in each 5ml of blood for the hematologic exams, while the other 7 ml remaining were left to coagulate and its serum used for the biochemical analises.1 ml of blood was collected from the Marginal artery ear for the settlement of the hemogasometric values. The behavioral data were obtained through visual observation, in the field, at each five minutes, during three daily consecutive periods of ten hours, in experimental age strips, corresponding to the months of december 2004, february and april 2005. Two weighings were made at each 14-day period, making a total of 1 weighings in all. The data were analyzed with delineation entirely casualized in factorial structure for sex and age. There was no effect (P<0,05) of interaction between age and sex or of te sex factor for the analyzed variables / Foram estudados os efeitos de idades aos 120, 180 e 240 dias, sobre o comportamento alimentar e o desempenho ponderal de 21 cordeiros, sendo 11 fêmeas, da raça Crioula Lanada Serrana. O experimento foi realizado num estabelecimento pecuário no município de Ponte Alta, SC. Os cordeiros foram desmamados aos 60 dias e mantidos em piquetes de cinco hectares, em pastagem naturalizada de grama missioneira (Axonopus sp) associado à pastagem cultivada de azevém (Lollium perene L.) e trevo vermelho (Trifolium pratense L.) com água e sal mineral ad libitum. Os animais foram vermifugados e vacinados contra enterotoxemia. Foram colhidas amostras de 10 mL de sangue venoso da veia jugular, desta forma uma sub-amostras de 3 mL foram adicionado anticoagulante Etileno-diamino-tetracéticodissódico EDTA, na concentração de 10%, utilizando-se 0,1mL em cada 5mL de sangue para os exames hematológicos e sub-amostras de 7 mL foram deixados para que coagulassem sendo o soro utilizado para as dosagens bioquímicas. Da artéria marginal da orelha coletou-se 1 mL de sangue para determinação hemogasométrico. Os dados comportamentais foram obtidos por observação visual, a campo, a cada cinco minutos, por três períodos diários consecutivos de doze horas, nas faixas etárias experimentais, correspondendo aos meses de dezembro de 2004, fevereiro e abril de 2005. Efetuaram-se pesagens a cada quatorze dias, totalizando quinze pesagens.apresentando os machos Os dados foram analisados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em estrutura fatorial para sexo e idade. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) de interação entre idade e sexo e do fator sexo para as variáveis analisadas
12

Aspectos morfológicos e ecológicos do protista ciliado Rhabdostyla Chironomi Kahl, 1933 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) epibionte de larvas de quironomídeos em um córrego urbano do sudeste do Brasil

Cabral, Adalgisa Fernanda 16 February 2009 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-05T12:22:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 adalgisafernandacabral.pdf: 2311730 bytes, checksum: 74c9543db3aba7fbe66c74cdf1dab5e2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-05T13:57:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 adalgisafernandacabral.pdf: 2311730 bytes, checksum: 74c9543db3aba7fbe66c74cdf1dab5e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T13:57:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 adalgisafernandacabral.pdf: 2311730 bytes, checksum: 74c9543db3aba7fbe66c74cdf1dab5e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-16 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No presente estudo, foram analisados aspectos da taxonomia e morfologia do protista ciliado epibionte Rhabdostyla chironomi encontrado no córrego São Pedro (Juiz de Fora, MG), bem como alguns aspectos ecológicos da relação epibiótica entre o ciliado peritríqueo de larvas de quironomídeos do gênero Chironomus gr. decorus. A presente dissertação está dividida em quatro partes. Na primeira, uma população de ciliados do gênero Rhabdostyla foi isolada e investigada in vivo, com o auxílio de técnicas de impregnação pela prata e de microscopia eletrônica e identificada como uma população do ciliado peritríqueo pouco conhecido R. chironomi. Na segunda parte, foi analisado o padrão de ocorrência espacial e temporal do ciliado epibionte R. chironomi sobre larvas de Chironomus gr. decorus em coletas ao longo de um ano em cinco estações amostrais do córrego São Pedro. As análises estatísticas demonstraram correlação entre prevalência de infestação e parâmetros como pluviosidade, disponibilidade de alimento e abundância de hospedeiros, além da heterogeneidade temporal e espacial da distribuição do ciliado. Na terceira, foi avaliada a influência da poluição orgânica na distribuição de R. chironomi sobre larvas de quironomídeos, por meio de dois experimentos, no primeiro, foram realizadas coletas em cinco estações ao longo de um ano de estudo e no segundo uma única coleta longitudinal em oito estações do mesmo córrego. A prevalência de infestação apresentou heterogeneidade espacial ocorrendo nas estações com maior grau de enriquecimento orgânico. Na quarta parte, foram investigados os sítios de fixação de R. chironomi sobre larvas de quironomídeos e quantificada a intensidade de colonização desta relação epibiótica. Todos os 26104 ciliados epibiontes encontrados colonizaram exclusivamente os túbulos ventrais das larvas de quironomídeos. A intensidade de colonização variou de um a 67 indivíduos por hospedeiro, com intensidade média de 4.86 (±1,5348) sendo que 91,03% apresentaram entre um e dez ciliados. / In the present study, both taxonomy and morphology aspects of the epibiont ciliate Rhabdostyla chironomi found in São Pedro stream (Juiz de Fora-MG), as well some ecological aspects of this epibiotic relationship between the peritrich and chironomid larvae from genus Chironomus gr. decorus. The present dissertation is divided into four parts. In the first one, a population ciliates from genus Rhabdostyla was isolated and investigated in vivo and using techniques of silver impregnation and scanning electron microscopy, being identify as a population of the the poorly know peritrich ciliate R. chironomi. In the second, was analyzed the spatial and temporal pattern of occurrence of R. chironomi as epibiont on Chironomus gr. decorus trough collections in the period of one year at five sampling stations at São Pedro Stream. Statistical analyses showed correlation between the prevalence of infestation and as rainfall, food availability and host abundance, besides the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of the ciliate. In the third one, was evaluated the influence of organic pollution in the distribution of R. chironomi on chironomid larvae, trough two experiments, the first one, made in five sampling stations, over a year of study and the second, was one collection in eight sampling stations in the same stream. The prevalence of infestation showed spatial heterogeneity occurring at stations with a higher degree of organic enrichment. In the fourth part, was investigated the colonization sites of R. chironomi as epibiont on chironomid larvae and also, quantified the colonization intensity of this relationship. All 26.104% of epibionts ciliates exclusively colonized the ventral tubules of the chironomid larvae. The colonization intensity ranged from one to 67 individuals per host, with mean intensity of 4.86 (± 1.5348) of which 91.03% had between one to ten ciliates.
13

Reaktive Toxizität von kleinen Heterozyklen, Carbonylen, Harnstoffderivaten und weiteren elektrophilen Organika sowie von Stoffgemischen im Ciliaten-Bioassay

Schramm, Franziska 04 November 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Im Rahmen der EU-Richtlinie REACH müssen industrierelevante Chemikalien bezüglich des Risikos für Mensch und Umwelt (neu) untersucht und bewertet werden, wobei die Anzahl an Tierversuchen zu minimieren ist und neue toxikologische Prüfmethoden, Bewertungsstrategien sowie alternative Testsysteme entwickelt und optimiert werden sollen. Ubiquitär vorkommende Testorganismen, welche ähnliche Eigenschaften und eine vergleichbare Sensitivität bezüglich äußerer Einflüsse wie komplexere Organismen (Fisch, Säugetier, Mensch) besitzen, sind hier besonders gefragt um die Belastung abzuschätzen und Trendaussagen über die Wirkung zu formulieren. Durch den Einsatz vieler dieser Testorganismen sowie durch die Ermittlung der chemischen Reaktivität und der Strukturmerkmale einer Verbindung kann ein globales Bild über die Wirkung erhalten werden. Ein Organismus, der diese Charakteristika aufweist, ist der eukaryotische Einzeller Tetrahymena pyriformis GL. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wird zum einen die jeweilige Toxizität elektrophiler Substanzen unterschiedlicher Stoffklassen und Reaktions-mechanismen (α,β-ungesättigte Carbonyl- und Carboxylverbindungen, heterozyklische Drei- und Vierringe, α-halogenierte Carbonyle, Harnstoffe und Thioharnstoffe, aromatische Disulfide sowie aliphatische und aromatische Nitroverbindungen) nach den Expositionszeiten 24 h, 48 h und 72 h mit Hilfe eines etablierten Wachstumshemmtests (Müller, 2001) bestimmt und Struktur-Toxizitäts-Beziehungen bzw. Strukturalarme abgeleitet. Neben der methodischen Optimierung werden die substanzspezifischen Eigenschaften, Flüchtigkeit und Sorptionsfähigkeit, quantitativ erfasst und durch neu aufgestellten Modellgleichungen für jede Substanz ermittelt. Mit der Bestimmung der Toxizitätserhöhung, Te, welche auch als ein Maß für die Reaktivität angesehen werden kann, werden Organismen-spezifische Narkose-Basis-Geraden generiert, exzesstoxische Verbindungen identifiziert und Strukturalarme für die jeweiligen Stoffklassen aufgestellt. Zum anderen werden binäre Mischungen untersucht, welche aus den Einzelstoffen bestehen, deren Toxizität im ersten Abschnitt der Arbeit ermittelt wurden und bei denen theoretische Annahmen über die Reaktionsmechanismen bestehen. Dieser Abschnitt identifiziert, ob gleiche bzw. unähnliche primäre Wechselwirkungen zweier Substanzen mit den biologischen Targets vorliegen und welcher Mechanismus, der reaktive Mechanismus exzesstoxischer Substanzen oder die Wechselwirkungen mit Membran-Bestandteilen, dominierend ist. Für die Auswertung der Mischungsergebnisse werden die etablierten biometrischen Modelle Konzentrations-Additivität und Unabhängigen Wirkung verwendet. Es wird dargestellt, dass die Mischungstoxizitäten der binären Mischungen ähnlich wirkender Substanzen zwar relativ genau mithilfe beider Modelle berechnet werden, jedoch keine eindeutige Charakterisierung der Mechanismen möglich ist. Die Ergebnisse der untersuchten binären Mischungen unterschiedlich wirkender Substanzen zeigen dagegen, dass die Mischungstoxizitäten unähnlicher Substanzen relativ genau mithilfe des Modells der Unabhängigen Wirkung berechnet werden und eine Charakterisierung der Mechanismen möglich ist.
14

Reaktive Toxizität von kleinen Heterozyklen, Carbonylen, Harnstoffderivaten und weiteren elektrophilen Organika sowie von Stoffgemischen im Ciliaten-Bioassay

Schramm, Franziska 06 December 2012 (has links)
Im Rahmen der EU-Richtlinie REACH müssen industrierelevante Chemikalien bezüglich des Risikos für Mensch und Umwelt (neu) untersucht und bewertet werden, wobei die Anzahl an Tierversuchen zu minimieren ist und neue toxikologische Prüfmethoden, Bewertungsstrategien sowie alternative Testsysteme entwickelt und optimiert werden sollen. Ubiquitär vorkommende Testorganismen, welche ähnliche Eigenschaften und eine vergleichbare Sensitivität bezüglich äußerer Einflüsse wie komplexere Organismen (Fisch, Säugetier, Mensch) besitzen, sind hier besonders gefragt um die Belastung abzuschätzen und Trendaussagen über die Wirkung zu formulieren. Durch den Einsatz vieler dieser Testorganismen sowie durch die Ermittlung der chemischen Reaktivität und der Strukturmerkmale einer Verbindung kann ein globales Bild über die Wirkung erhalten werden. Ein Organismus, der diese Charakteristika aufweist, ist der eukaryotische Einzeller Tetrahymena pyriformis GL. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wird zum einen die jeweilige Toxizität elektrophiler Substanzen unterschiedlicher Stoffklassen und Reaktions-mechanismen (α,β-ungesättigte Carbonyl- und Carboxylverbindungen, heterozyklische Drei- und Vierringe, α-halogenierte Carbonyle, Harnstoffe und Thioharnstoffe, aromatische Disulfide sowie aliphatische und aromatische Nitroverbindungen) nach den Expositionszeiten 24 h, 48 h und 72 h mit Hilfe eines etablierten Wachstumshemmtests (Müller, 2001) bestimmt und Struktur-Toxizitäts-Beziehungen bzw. Strukturalarme abgeleitet. Neben der methodischen Optimierung werden die substanzspezifischen Eigenschaften, Flüchtigkeit und Sorptionsfähigkeit, quantitativ erfasst und durch neu aufgestellten Modellgleichungen für jede Substanz ermittelt. Mit der Bestimmung der Toxizitätserhöhung, Te, welche auch als ein Maß für die Reaktivität angesehen werden kann, werden Organismen-spezifische Narkose-Basis-Geraden generiert, exzesstoxische Verbindungen identifiziert und Strukturalarme für die jeweiligen Stoffklassen aufgestellt. Zum anderen werden binäre Mischungen untersucht, welche aus den Einzelstoffen bestehen, deren Toxizität im ersten Abschnitt der Arbeit ermittelt wurden und bei denen theoretische Annahmen über die Reaktionsmechanismen bestehen. Dieser Abschnitt identifiziert, ob gleiche bzw. unähnliche primäre Wechselwirkungen zweier Substanzen mit den biologischen Targets vorliegen und welcher Mechanismus, der reaktive Mechanismus exzesstoxischer Substanzen oder die Wechselwirkungen mit Membran-Bestandteilen, dominierend ist. Für die Auswertung der Mischungsergebnisse werden die etablierten biometrischen Modelle Konzentrations-Additivität und Unabhängigen Wirkung verwendet. Es wird dargestellt, dass die Mischungstoxizitäten der binären Mischungen ähnlich wirkender Substanzen zwar relativ genau mithilfe beider Modelle berechnet werden, jedoch keine eindeutige Charakterisierung der Mechanismen möglich ist. Die Ergebnisse der untersuchten binären Mischungen unterschiedlich wirkender Substanzen zeigen dagegen, dass die Mischungstoxizitäten unähnlicher Substanzen relativ genau mithilfe des Modells der Unabhängigen Wirkung berechnet werden und eine Charakterisierung der Mechanismen möglich ist.
15

Convergent evolution of heat-inducibility during subfunctionalization of the Hsp70 gene family

Krenek, Sascha, Schlegel, Martin, Berendonk, Thomas U. 28 November 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Background: Heat-shock proteins of the 70 kDa family (Hsp70s) are essential chaperones required for key cellular functions. In eukaryotes, four subfamilies can be distinguished according to their function and localisation in different cellular compartments: cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Generally, multiple cytosol-type Hsp70s can be found in metazoans that show either constitutive expression and/or stress-inducibility, arguing for the evolution of different tasks and functions. Information about the hsp70 copy number and diversity in microbial eukaryotes is, however, scarce, and detailed knowledge about the differential gene expression in most protists is lacking. Therefore, we have characterised the Hsp70 gene family of Paramecium caudatum to gain insight into the evolution and differential heat stress response of the distinct family members in protists and to investigate the diversification of eukaryotic hsp70s focusing on the evolution of heat-inducibility. Results: Eleven putative hsp70 genes could be detected in P. caudatum comprising homologs of three major Hsp70-subfamilies. Phylogenetic analyses revealed five evolutionarily distinct Hsp70-groups, each with a closer relationship to orthologous sequences of Paramecium tetraurelia than to another P. caudatum Hsp70-group. These highly diverse, paralogous groups resulted from duplications preceding Paramecium speciation, underwent divergent evolution and were subject to purifying selection. Heat-shock treatments were performed to test for differential expression patterns among the five Hsp70-groups as well as for a functional conservation within Paramecium. These treatments induced exceptionally high mRNA up-regulations in one cytosolic group with a low basal expression, indicative for the major heat inducible hsp70s. All other groups showed comparatively high basal expression levels and moderate heat-inducibility, signifying constitutively expressed genes. Comparative EST analyses for P. tetraurelia hsp70s unveiled a corresponding expression pattern, which supports a functionally conserved evolution of the Hsp70 gene family in Paramecium. Conclusions: Our analyses suggest an independent evolution of the heat-inducible cytosol-type hsp70s in Paramecium and in its close relative Tetrahymena, as well as within higher eukaryotes. This result indicates convergent evolution during hsp70 subfunctionalization and implies that heat-inducibility evolved several times during the course of eukaryotic evolution.
16

Convergent evolution of heat-inducibility during subfunctionalization of the Hsp70 gene family

Krenek, Sascha, Schlegel, Martin, Berendonk, Thomas U. 28 November 2013 (has links)
Background: Heat-shock proteins of the 70 kDa family (Hsp70s) are essential chaperones required for key cellular functions. In eukaryotes, four subfamilies can be distinguished according to their function and localisation in different cellular compartments: cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Generally, multiple cytosol-type Hsp70s can be found in metazoans that show either constitutive expression and/or stress-inducibility, arguing for the evolution of different tasks and functions. Information about the hsp70 copy number and diversity in microbial eukaryotes is, however, scarce, and detailed knowledge about the differential gene expression in most protists is lacking. Therefore, we have characterised the Hsp70 gene family of Paramecium caudatum to gain insight into the evolution and differential heat stress response of the distinct family members in protists and to investigate the diversification of eukaryotic hsp70s focusing on the evolution of heat-inducibility. Results: Eleven putative hsp70 genes could be detected in P. caudatum comprising homologs of three major Hsp70-subfamilies. Phylogenetic analyses revealed five evolutionarily distinct Hsp70-groups, each with a closer relationship to orthologous sequences of Paramecium tetraurelia than to another P. caudatum Hsp70-group. These highly diverse, paralogous groups resulted from duplications preceding Paramecium speciation, underwent divergent evolution and were subject to purifying selection. Heat-shock treatments were performed to test for differential expression patterns among the five Hsp70-groups as well as for a functional conservation within Paramecium. These treatments induced exceptionally high mRNA up-regulations in one cytosolic group with a low basal expression, indicative for the major heat inducible hsp70s. All other groups showed comparatively high basal expression levels and moderate heat-inducibility, signifying constitutively expressed genes. Comparative EST analyses for P. tetraurelia hsp70s unveiled a corresponding expression pattern, which supports a functionally conserved evolution of the Hsp70 gene family in Paramecium. Conclusions: Our analyses suggest an independent evolution of the heat-inducible cytosol-type hsp70s in Paramecium and in its close relative Tetrahymena, as well as within higher eukaryotes. This result indicates convergent evolution during hsp70 subfunctionalization and implies that heat-inducibility evolved several times during the course of eukaryotic evolution.

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