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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24133号 / 医博第4873号 / 新制||医||1059(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 生田 宏一, 教授 濵﨑 洋子, 教授 森信 暁雄 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

This project is an elaboration of how luminaire design can provide for fundamental human needs. Visual needs in terms of task performance, orientability and visual comfort; emotional needs in terms of soothing feelings of safeness and cosiness; and biological needs in terms of circadian rhythm and resetting of our biological clock in the morning. These needs are tested through three bedroom scenarios named focus, contemplation and dawn, each with their own demands and desires on lighting qualities.  I have submerged into desired lighting qualities and atmosphere in a bedroom context; into how circadian rhythm can be promoted through lighting design; into how the perception of space can be effected through light; into how responsible use of natural resources can be achieved; and finally into what the impact and consequences of the design intervention are. The investigation is performed in a generic bedroom situation without daylight considerations. A prototype has been produced in order to perform observations and measurements.  Through the investigation I can state that luminaire design is able to provide for visual, emotional and biological needs. By simultaneously working with light qualities and shape of the luminaire, and having formulated the specific scenarios focus, contemplation and dawn, qualitative observations and experience could be supplemented by quantitative measurements and drive the design process forward towards intended lighting effects, characteristics and impacts on the human body and mind.

Little is known about the behavioral patterns of honey bee queens. To determine if mated honey bee queens possess diel rhythmicity in behavior, we observed them in glass-sided observation hives using three types of observation regimes: focal studies consisting of 2-hour and 24-hour continuous observations as well as scan-sampling of multiple queens. All behaviors (active: walking, inspecting, egg-laying, begging for food, feeding, and grooming self; inactive: standing) occurred at all times of day and night, but no queen showed consistent diel rhythmicity in any of the individual behaviors. There were no consistent diel differences in active versus inactive behaviors or the number of bees in the queen's retinue. This arrhythmicity was unchanged despite daily changes in both light and temperature levels. The arrhythmic behavior observed by most of the honey bee queens inside the colony appears to be similar to that exhibited by worker bees before they initiate foraging behavior.

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I denna studie undersöks olika metoder och förhållningssätt för att bli mer medveten om hur jag kan förbättra min övningskoncentration, samt förstå hur min dygnsrytm påverkar min prestation i övningsrummet. Studien handlar också om att hitta och testa olika slags metoder för att effektivisera övningen och för att nå de mål vi strävar efter. Jag är en person som hela mitt liv spelat från ”mitt musikhjärta” och har egentligen inte tänkt över vad jag exakt gör. Jag spelar fiol och det låter fint, men vad gör jag exakt och vad kan jag göra för att få det till nästa nivå? I studien har jag genomfört två olika slags testperioder. Första experimentet handlar om att jag försöker göra hälsosamma val, och sedan tar reda på vilken tid på dygnet jag övar som bäst. Det andra experimentet går ut på att jag testar och finner egna metoder för att effektivisera min övning. I slutet av experimenten och hela studien gläds jag över hur mycket kunskap och personlig medvetenhet den har givit mig, och hoppas du kan ta åt dig något litet från min personliga resa. / In this study, different methods and approaches are examined to become more aware of one's own practice, to understand our own circadian rhythm and how it affects our lives and performance in the practice room. The study is also about finding and testing different kinds of methods to make the practice more efficient and to reach the goals we strive for. I am a person who all my life played from “my musical heart” and haven't really thought about what exactly I ́m doing. I play the violin and it sounds nice, but what exactly am I doing and which steps can I take to make it to the next level? In the study, I have carried out two different types of test periods. The first experiment is about me testing, together with healthy choices, what time of the day I practice the best. The second experiment involves me testing and finding my own methods to make my own practice more efficient and to simply become my own teacher. At the end of the experiments and the entire study, I rejoice in how much knowledge and personal awareness the weeks of experimenting has given me. I hope that someone else also might learn something from my personal journey.

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<p>This thesis presents research examining the impact circadian rhythm disturbances experienced in bipolar disorder (BD) have at two levels of investigation. First, circadian rhythm disturbance is studied with regard to quality of life in individuals with BD. The results of an analysis investigating the impact of self-reported circadian rhythm disturbance on quality of life (QOL) show circadian rhythm is strongly associated with poor QOL in patients with BD, independent of severity of depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance and use of sleep medications. Next, the impact of circadian rhythm disturbance on oxidative stress was studied. Oxidative stress has previously been implicated in BD, yet no studies have investigated the relationship between these systems in the context of the disorder. We demonstrate that circadian rhythm disturbance is related to increased lipid peroxidation in BD patients, which is not seen in controls. This study provides a basis for further investigation of the links between oxidative stress and circadian rhythms in the pathophysiology of BD. Taken together, these results provide evidence that circadian rhythms have a widespread impact on two separate aspects of BD: personal sense of well being and a biological marker of oxidative stress. These novel findings contribute to the mounting evidence indicating circadian rhythm disturbance as one of the core features of BD, and an important target for treatment.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

Impulsivity and sleep and circadian rhythm disturbance are two core features of bipolar disorder that are elevated antecedents to bipolar disorder onset and persist even between mood episodes; their pervasive presence in bipolar disorder suggests that they may be particularly relevant to better understanding bipolar disorder etiology, onset, and course. Given considerable research demonstrating bidirectional associations between sleep and circadian rhythm disturbance and impulsivity in healthy individuals, it is surprising that little research has examined how these core features interact to impact bipolar disorder symptomatology, onset, and course. In a sample of late adolescents and young adults (N = 150) at low or high risk for developing bipolar disorder, we employed a naturalistic experiment in the context of an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) design to examine relationships between impulsivity, sleep and circadian rhythm alterations, and mood symptoms in everyday life. Furthermore, we sought to understand how the relationships between sleep and circadian rhythm alterations and mood fluctuation, collected during the EMA study, prospectively predicted mood symptom severity and mood episode onset at a 6-month follow-up. Linear regression, logistic regression, and multi-level modeling (MLM) revealed that higher impulsivity predicted increased mood symptoms during the EMA study, and less total sleep time (measured by actigraphy) predicted increased next-day EMA-assessed mood symptoms. Interaction analyses suggested that dim light melatonin onset time, total sleep time, and sleep onset latency moderated the relationship between impulsivity and mood symptoms (both next-day and at 6-month follow-up). Results are discussed in terms of their contribution to the existing literature. Findings highlight the necessity of multi-method, nuanced examination of the dynamic relationships between impulsivity and sleep and circadian disturbance within bipolar disorder. / Psychology

Mathematical modeling has become increasingly popular as a tool to study regulatory interactions within gene-protein networks. From the modeler's perspective, two challenges arise in the process of building a mathematical model. First, the same regulatory network can be translated into different types of models at different levels of detail, and the modeler must choose an appropriate level to describe the network. Second, realistic regulatory networks are complicated due to the large number of biochemical species and interactions that govern any physiological process. Constructing and validating a realistic mathematical model of such a network can be a difficult and lengthy task. To confront the first challenge, we develop a new modeling approach that classifies components in the networks into three classes of variables, which are described by different rate laws. These three classes serve as "building blocks" that can be connected to build a complex regulatory network. We show that our approach combines the best features of different types of models, and we demonstrate its utility by applying it to the budding yeast cell cycle. To confront the second challenge, modelers have developed rule-based modeling as a framework to build complex mathematical models. In this approach, the modeler describes a set of rules that instructs the computer to automatically generate all possible chemical reactions in the network. Building a mathematical model using rule-based modeling is not only less time-consuming and error-prone, but also allows modelers to account comprehensively for many different mechanistic details of a molecular regulatory system. We demonstrate the potential of rule-based modeling by applying it to the generation of circadian rhythms in cyanobacteria. / Ph. D.