Building Information Modeling, abbreviated BIM, is a process of information sharing which enhances communication and which helps in visualizing complex problems in the building industry. BIM has not been used in a larger extent in the production phase of civil works. The purpose of the study is therefore to investigate driving forces behind the use of BIM and the resistors against it and to investigate in what ways BIM could be used in the production phase. The theoretical framework is based on one licentiate thesis, two degree projects, three research papers and three books. A qualitative method with semi-structured interviews was used. The interviews were made with a calculator, a supervisor and a CAD planner from Skanska, a constructor and project manager from ELU, a Project Information Officer from Tyréns and a VDC coordinator and VDC business developer from Veidekke who all have been working with BIM. This was to get a good representation from different actors and people with different professional roles. The study shows that the driving forces behind a use of BIM are that it enhances collaboration and communication between the actors, it makes it easier to visualize the project and the scope, and it provides a higher degree of accuracy of coordination’s. BIM also makes the work more effective and results in fewer errors. Above all, BIM give a possibility for a shorter production phase, shorter total project duration and a lower total cost. The study also shows that the resistors against the use of BIM are employee’s negative attitude against administrative work, that it is hard to measure profitability of using BIM, the uncertainty of who has the legal ownership of the data, and who has the responsibility of the accuracy of it. 3 That the implementation cost and the design phase are more expensive is also a resistor against a use of BIM. BIM could be used in visualization with 3D models in collision controls and co-reviews in meetings, work preparations and at site. A workplace outline could also be printed from the 3D model to be placed on the site for visualization. 4D scheduling and 4D animations could be used for visualization in meetings, work preparations and at site. The study showed that quantity takeoff and cost estimation with 5D is only reconciled in the meetings in the production phase and that the programs for it are not needed in this phase. RFID tags could be used at site for logistics and tracking materials, and field verifications could be used to verify that a work task is executed according to exact coordination’s in the 3D model. Furthermore tablet computers could be used for bringing the technique of BIM to the site which enables a better understanding of complex work tasks for the workers. A BIM coordinator who understands the process of working with BIM and who could work as a bridge between the users and the technical development team is important in a successful implementation. The study also shows that the focus of BIM should lie on how to make use of the technique. The examples of how BIM could be used in the production phase of civil works have to be useful and meet the needs and demands of the users. The processes of using 3D models, 4D scheduling, 4D animations, RFID tags, field verifications and tablet computers should therefore be studied thoroughly to find how the technique could be applicable at site, in meetings and work preparations and how it could enhance the daily activities and work tasks. If the demands are met it will be accepted by both the user and the organization. Further research should therefore lie on how 3D models, 4D scheduling, 4D animations, RFID tags, field verifications and tablet computers could be useful in the production phase. These BIM techniques should then be tested on a real project to investigate how the processes could be useful at site, in meetings and in work preparations. Further research should also be made on how countries like Norway, Finland and USA have made use of BIM in the production of civil works.

O objetivo principal desta dissertação é analisar as técnicas construtivas na produção do engenheiro-arquiteto Francisco de Paula Ramos de Azevedo, a partir do momento de sua chegada da Bélgica a Campinas, em 1879, quando termina seus estudos na faculdade e inicia sua carreira profissional, abordando também o estudo da construção civil campineira no último quartel do século XIX. Primeiramente, foi feito um levantamento histórico do período citado e também um estudo teórico de componentes que envolvem esse aparato tecnológico para compreensão do emprego dessas técnicas construtivas no contexto envolvido. Em seguida, foram relacionadas as implicações que envolvem esse assunto, buscando formular questões que levaram ao grande sucesso do engenheiro-arquiteto na produção de suas obras e no empreendimento de seus negócios futuros relacionados com o ramo da construção. Mais especificamente, foram investigados os contextos histórico, político e econômico, explicitando os materiais e indústrias disponíveis, relação com casas bancárias, mão de obra, eventos relacionados e outros fatores essenciais para a compreensão do desenvolvimento da construção civil campineira. Posteriormente, foi feito um levantamento de campo sobre a reforma da sede da fazenda Pau d\' Alho, atribuída ao engenheiro-arquiteto. Esse levantamento constitui tanto um instrumento para o estudo dos processos construtivos anteriores e posteriores à reforma quanto uma base para o estudo da aplicação dessas técnicas construtivas. Com o estudo de campo, novas formulações relativas às técnicas construtivas locais, assim como a questão da preservação do patrimônio histórico e o papel desempenhado por Ramos de Azevedo nesse âmbito foram levantados, buscando entender uma parte da história que foi construída não por uma, mas por várias mãos. / Main purpose of this essay is to go through the work of engineer-architect Francisco de Paula Ramos de Azevedo and to analyze his constructive techniques, upon his arrival in Campinas coming from Belgium in 1879, when he finished his university degree and started his professional career, including a study on the civil construction in Campinas through the last quarter of the 19th century. Initially a historical survey was done covering above period and also a theoretical study of components involving the technological apparatus in order to understand their contextual use. Next the implications of the subject were listed, formulating questions on what led to the large success of the engineer-architect in his production and established his future business in the civil work. More specifically, the historical, political and economic context were investigated, explicating available materials and industries related to banking houses, hand labor, related events and other essential factors required to understand the development of civil work in Campinas. Lastly a field survey was done on the renovation of the main house of Fazenda Pau d\'Alho, which is credited to the engineer-architect. This survey is both instrumental for the study of constructive processes before and after the renovation, and a base for the study on the application of those constructive techniques. With the field survey, new formulations were done related to the local constructive techniques, as well as questions about preservation of the historical assets and the role played by Ramos de Azevedo in this regard, in an attempt to understand part of a history that was written not by one, but by many hands.

O objetivo principal desta dissertação é analisar as técnicas construtivas na produção do engenheiro-arquiteto Francisco de Paula Ramos de Azevedo, a partir do momento de sua chegada da Bélgica a Campinas, em 1879, quando termina seus estudos na faculdade e inicia sua carreira profissional, abordando também o estudo da construção civil campineira no último quartel do século XIX. Primeiramente, foi feito um levantamento histórico do período citado e também um estudo teórico de componentes que envolvem esse aparato tecnológico para compreensão do emprego dessas técnicas construtivas no contexto envolvido. Em seguida, foram relacionadas as implicações que envolvem esse assunto, buscando formular questões que levaram ao grande sucesso do engenheiro-arquiteto na produção de suas obras e no empreendimento de seus negócios futuros relacionados com o ramo da construção. Mais especificamente, foram investigados os contextos histórico, político e econômico, explicitando os materiais e indústrias disponíveis, relação com casas bancárias, mão de obra, eventos relacionados e outros fatores essenciais para a compreensão do desenvolvimento da construção civil campineira. Posteriormente, foi feito um levantamento de campo sobre a reforma da sede da fazenda Pau d\' Alho, atribuída ao engenheiro-arquiteto. Esse levantamento constitui tanto um instrumento para o estudo dos processos construtivos anteriores e posteriores à reforma quanto uma base para o estudo da aplicação dessas técnicas construtivas. Com o estudo de campo, novas formulações relativas às técnicas construtivas locais, assim como a questão da preservação do patrimônio histórico e o papel desempenhado por Ramos de Azevedo nesse âmbito foram levantados, buscando entender uma parte da história que foi construída não por uma, mas por várias mãos. / Main purpose of this essay is to go through the work of engineer-architect Francisco de Paula Ramos de Azevedo and to analyze his constructive techniques, upon his arrival in Campinas coming from Belgium in 1879, when he finished his university degree and started his professional career, including a study on the civil construction in Campinas through the last quarter of the 19th century. Initially a historical survey was done covering above period and also a theoretical study of components involving the technological apparatus in order to understand their contextual use. Next the implications of the subject were listed, formulating questions on what led to the large success of the engineer-architect in his production and established his future business in the civil work. More specifically, the historical, political and economic context were investigated, explicating available materials and industries related to banking houses, hand labor, related events and other essential factors required to understand the development of civil work in Campinas. Lastly a field survey was done on the renovation of the main house of Fazenda Pau d\'Alho, which is credited to the engineer-architect. This survey is both instrumental for the study of constructive processes before and after the renovation, and a base for the study on the application of those constructive techniques. With the field survey, new formulations were done related to the local constructive techniques, as well as questions about preservation of the historical assets and the role played by Ramos de Azevedo in this regard, in an attempt to understand part of a history that was written not by one, but by many hands.

Building Information Modeling, abbreviated BIM, is a process of information sharing which enhances communication and which helps in visualizing complex problems in the building industry. BIM has not been used in a larger extent in the production phase of civil works. The purpose of the study is therefore to investigate driving forces behind the use of BIM and the resistors against it and to investigate in what ways BIM could be used in the production phase.The theoretical framework is based on one licentiate thesis, two degree projects, three research papers and three books. A qualitative method with semi-structured interviews was used. The interviews were made with a calculator, a supervisor and a CAD planner from Skanska, a constructor and project manager from ELU, a Project Information Officer from Tyréns and a VDC coordinator and VDC business developer from Veidekke who all have been working with BIM. This was to get a good representation from different actors and people with different professional roles.The study shows that the driving forces behind a use of BIM are that it enhances collaboration and communication between the actors, it makes it easier to visualize the project and the scope, and it provides a higher degree of accuracy of coordination’s. BIM also makes the work more effective and results in fewer errors. Above all, BIM give a possibility for a shorter production phase, shorter total project duration and a lower total cost. The study also shows that the resistors against the use of BIM are employee’s negative attitude against administrative work, that it is hard to measure profitability of using BIM, the uncertainty of who has the legal ownership of the data, and who has the responsibility of the accuracy of it. That the implementation cost and the design phase are more expensive is also a resistor against a use of BIM.BIM could be used in visualization with 3D models in collision controls and co-reviews in meetings, work preparations and at site. A workplace outline could also be printed from the 3D model to be placed on the site for visualization. 4D scheduling and 4D animations could be used for visualization in meetings, work preparations and at site. The study showed that quantity takeoff and cost estimation with 5D is only reconciled in the meetings in the production phase and that the programs for it are not needed in this phase. RFID tags could be used at site for logistics and tracking materials, and field verifications could be used to verify that a work task is executed according to exact coordination’s in the 3D model. Furthermore tablet computers could be used for bringing the technique of BIM to the site which enables a better understanding of complex work tasks for the workers. A BIM coordinator who understands the process of working with BIM and who could work as a bridge between the users and the technical development team is important in a successful implementation.The study also shows that the focus of BIM should lie on how to make use of the technique. The examples of how BIM could be used in the production phase of civil works have to be useful and meet the needs and demands of the users. The processes of using 3D models, 4D scheduling, 4D animations, RFID tags, field verifications and tablet computers should therefore be studied thoroughly to find how the technique could be applicable at site, in meetings and work preparations and how it could enhance the daily activities and work tasks. If the demands are met it will be accepted by both the user and the organization. Further research should therefore lie on how 3D models, 4D scheduling, 4D animations, RFID tags, field verifications and tablet computers could be useful in the production phase. These BIM techniques should then be tested on a real project to investigate how the processes could be useful at site, in meetings and in work preparations. Further research should also be made on how countries like Norway, Finland and USA have made use of BIM in the production of civil works. / Bygginformationsmodellering, förkortat BIM, är en process för informationsutbyte som förbättrar kommunikation samt förståelsen för komplexa problem inom byggbranschen. BIM har inte använts i en större utsträckning i produktionen av väg- och anläggningsprojekt. Syftet med studien är därför att undersöka drivkrafter bakom ett större användande av BIM och motstånd mot det, samt att undersöka på vilket sätt BIM skulle kunna vara användbart i produktionen.Den teoretiska grunden bygger på en licentiathandling, två examensarbeten, tre forskningsrapporter samt tre böcker. För intervjuerna användes en kvantitativ semistrukturerad metod. Intervjuerna gjordes med en kalkylator, en arbetsledare från Skanska, en CAD planerare från ELU, en Project Information Officer från Tyréns samt en VDC samordnare och VDC affärsutvecklare från Veidekke, som alla har arbetat med BIM. Detta var för att få en bra representation från olika aktörer och personer med skilda yrkesroller.Studien visar att drivkrafterna bakom en användning av BIM är att det förbättrar samarbetet och kommunikationen mellan aktörerna, gör det lättare att visualisera projektet, dess omfattning samt att det ger mer korrekta data. BIM gör också arbetet mer effektivt och resulterar i färre fel. Framförallt möjliggör BIM en kortare produktionsfas, kortare projekttid och lägre totalkostnad. Studien visar också att anställdas negativa attityd mot administrativt arbete är ett av motstånden mot en större användning av BIM, att det är svårt att mäta lönsamheten med det och att det är osäkert om vem som har äganderätten till informationen samt vem som har ansvaret över att den är korrekt. Att implementeringskostnaden och designfasen blir dyrare är också ett problem med BIM. BIM kan användas för visualisering med 3D-modeller i kollisionskontroller och samgranskning i möten, arbetsberedningar och på byggarbetsplatsen. En APD-plan kan även skrivas ut från 3D-modellen för att visualisera byggarbetsplatsen. Tidsplanering och animationer med 4D skulle också kunna användas till visualisering i möten, arbetsberedningar och på byggarbetsplatsen. Studien visar att mängd- och kostnadsberäkningar med 5D endast stäms av i produktionsfasen och att programmen inte behövs i produktionsfasen. RFID-taggar kan användas på byggarbetsplatsen för logistikplanering och för att spåra material.5Fältkontroller kan vara användbart för att verifiera att ett arbete utförts exakt enligt 3D-modellens koordineringsdata. Handdatorer kan användas för att få ut tekniken för BIM på byggarbetsplatsen vilket möjliggör för en bättre förståelse för komplexa arbetsuppgifter för yrkesarbetarna. En BIM samordnare som förstår processen att arbeta med BIM och som kan överbrygga kommunikationssvårigheter mellan användarna och teknikutvecklingsgruppen är en mycket viktig aktör för ett framgångsrikt införande av BIM i ett projekt.Studien visar också att fokus bör ligga på hur man utnyttjar tekniken med fokus på nytta och användbarhet. De arbetsuppgifter som BIM skulle kunna användas till i produktionsfasen måste vara användbara och tillgodose användarnas krav och behov. Processen med att använda 3D-modeller, tidsplanering och animationer med 4D, RFID-taggar, fältkontroller och handdatorer måste därför studeras noggrant för att hitta hur tekniken kan tillämpas på byggarbetsplatsen, i möten, i arbetsberedningar samt hur den skulle kunna förbättra dagliga aktiviteter och arbetsuppgifter. Om användarnas krav är uppfyllda kommer tekniken att accepteras av både användaren och organisationen. Ytterligare forskning bör därför ligga på hur 3D-modeller, tidsplanering och animationer med 4D, RFID-taggar, fältkontroller och handdatorer kan vara användbara i produktionsfasen. Dessa tekniker bör sedan testas på ett verkligt projekt för att undersöka hur processerna för BIM skulle kunna vara användbara på byggarbetsplatsen, i möten och arbetsberedningar. Ytterligare forskning bör också göras på hur länder som Norge, Finland och USA har använt BIM i produktionsfasen i väg- och anläggningsprojekt.