L’actuelle méthode de clarification du vin de Champagne à l’issue de sa seconde fermentation est basée sur une manipulation mécanique des bouteilles, principalement au travers de machines de remuage telles que des Gyropalettes. Le principe consiste à imprimer à la bouteille un ensemble ordonné de rotations et d’inclinaisons pour permettre le regroupement et le transport d’un dépôt (issu des étapes précédentes de vinifications), initialement réparti sur une surface importante de la bouteille, en un agrégat concentré dans la bague de cette dernière. Cette manipulation a toujours été pratiquée de façon empirique, basée sur des résultats d’observations in situ. En conséquence, les élaborateurs exécutent cette opération de remuage à partir de ce constat, sans avoir la possibilité d’optimiser le processus de façon plus efficace. Or, cette opération est consommatrice d’espace, de moyens et surtout de temps et ce, dans un contexte d’augmentation des volumes traités. C’est pourquoi, à travers cette thèse, nous présenterons une nouvelle méthode de travail basée sur l’utilisation de vibrations. Pour ce faire et afin de juger l’influence des paramètres et l’efficacité de la solution technique choisie, un ensemble d’outils ont été créés et éprouvés pendant les essais. Ils s’appuient sur l’observation et la quantification des évolutions des phénomènes dans la bouteille. Cette voie est encourageante et permet de réduire la durée du processus en conservant une qualité identique à celle du remuage traditionnel. / The current method of Champagne wine clarification, at the end of its second fermentation, is based on a mechanical manipulation of bottles; and it is essentially executed by machines such as Gyropalettes (« remuage » or riddling process). The process consists on handling the bottle by an orderly set of rotations and tilts to group and move a sediment (outcome of the previous step of winemaking), initially present over an important surface inside the bottle, into a concentrated aggregate in the bottle’s neck. The manipulation has been elaborated empirically; it was based on observations results. Therefore the elaborators execute the riddling operation empirically without having the possibility of optimizing this process in a more efficient way. Also, and because of the increased handled volume nowadays, this operation needs space, time and working tools. That’s why, through this thesis, we shall present a new working method based on imposed vibrations. My study aims to present a new working method based on imposed vibrations. In order to study the parameters influencing the process and the efficiency of the chosen technical solution, a set of tools based on observation and quantification of the phenomena’s evolution inside the bottle, were created and tested. As a conclusion, on the one hand this method reduces the time needed, and on the other hand it leads to the same result in terms of quality.

Through everyday classroom interactions, teachers influence their students' actions and the choices those students will make in life. Such interactions may have profound impact on the students and their well-being, whether teachers are cognizant of their influence as role models and moral educators or not. Morally sensitive teachers are better equipped to perceive, or become aware of, those classroom interactions that have direct implications for students' well-being. As well, such teachers have the ability to interpret influential aspects of teacher-student interactions in moral terms. Previous research and theory in psychology, philosophy, and curriculum development is in accord in suggesting that moral sensitivity is an area of interest and concern to practicing teachers, and that teachers' preparedness to face the challenges of classroom interactions by advancing their moral sensitivity can contribute to a betterment of education and a better care for students' lives. In Study 1, three sources of knowledge on moral sensitivity were utilized in order to develop a comprehensive measure of teachers' sensitivity to the moral dimension of schooling. Those three sources included: (a) the teachers' professional code of ethics, (b) findings from observations of the moral life of classrooms, and (c) a moral issues questionnaire developed as part of Study 1 to collect practicing teachers' testimonials of issues and stories they perceived as having moral meaning. A triangulation method was utilized to validate the already established notions of morally significant aspects of teaching on the one hand, and to extend the understanding of teachers' situatedness in the moral context of schools on the other. After carefully analyzing the information obtained from the three sources, at the end of Study 1 an open-ended semi-structured questionnaire was developed. In Study 2, the Teachers' Concerns Questionnaire (TCQ) was developed and validated as a measure of high school teachers' moral sensitivity. The TCQ comprises four stories revolving around teacher-student interactions, each accompanied by a series . of seven prompt questions guiding the process of identifying the issues of concern in the scenario, as well as individuals affected by the issues, and any action that might need to be taken in response to the depicted interactions. Each story corresponds with four categories of moral issues, and the overall score of moral sensitivity is derived from the number of categories in which issues of concern are identified along with affected parties and proposed solutions, and justification for their inclusion on moral grounds is provided. The overall results provide initial support for the relativity and validity of the TCQ as a measure of secondary school teachers' moral sensitivity. The TCQ exhibited a very high inter-rater reliability and a moderately high test-retest reliability. A significant and positive correlation was found between the TCQ and a measure of moral reasoning, as well as a positive correlation between the TCQ and a measure of verbal fluency. Areas of future improvement include shortening the time required to complete the measure and developing an alternative format that would allow self-scoring or automatic scoring by a computer. Directions for future studies are discussed. / Education, Faculty of / Graduate

Do competitivo mercado de produção de açúcar demanda-se um produto detentor de maior qualidade e menor custo. A qualidade do açúcar relaciona-se com o estudo das propriedades físico-químicas da sacarose durante o processo de clarificação. Na produção de açúcar branco utiliza-se o dióxido de enxofre em operação unitária de clarificação. No entanto, o uso desse reagente encontra restrições na indústria alimentícia e nos sistemas agroindustriais, em consequência de suas emissões na atmosfera, assim como, de reações alergênicas possivelmente relacionadas à exposição de resíduos de dióxido de enxofre em alimentos, em indivíduos sensíveis. Tecnologias alternativas, como o uso de peróxido de hidrogênio e de ozônio têm sido propostas. Do uso do peróxido de hidrogênio, de acordo com a literatura consultada, tem-se a diminuição de viscosidade, em conjunto com o aumento de pureza do xarope, pela remoção de compostos não açúcares. Dessa forma, o peróxido de hidrogênio é um eficiente agente oxidante de moléculas produtoras de cor, levando-as a parcial ou total degradação, com destruição permanente de substâncias corantes. A aplicação de peróxido de hidrogênio, no tratamento do caldo de cana-de-açúcar, foi considerada, no presente estudo, em três cenários distintos - com peróxido de hidrogênio na proporção 0,6 gH2O2/kgcaldo, na proporção de 1 gH2O2/kgcaldo e na proporção de 5 gH2O2/kgcaldo em substituição ao dióxido de enxofre - utilizado em método corrente, nas usinas. O escopo deste estudo, pois, constitui a análise de viabilidade econômico-financeira do peróxido de hidrogênio como agente de redução de cor de caldo, em operação unitária de clarificação, em substituição total ao uso de dióxido de enxofre. De fato, foram considerados os valores de investimento da proposta com uso de peróxido de hidrogênio em relação à estrutura padrão, com os insumos relativos a cada situação, pois a adequação da etapa de clarificação pode ser utilizada em lugar da implantação de uma nova unidade produtiva. Os valores encontrados para a clarificação de açúcar, com uso de peróxido de hidrogênio em substituição à sulfitação, considerando a descrição operacional com ganhos técnicos e insumos necessários, foram maiores, pois o investimento imobilizado em equipamentos foi maior, assim como o preço dos insumos. Das situações consideradas, houve aumento de R$ 0,16/saca50kg açúcar, em relação ao peróxido de hidrogênio utilizado em proporção 0,6 gH2O2/kgcaldo; de R$ 0,30 /saca50kg açúcar, em relação ao peroxido de hidrogênio na proporção de 1 gH2O2/kgcaldo e R$ 1,66 / saca50kg açúcar, em relação ao peroxido de hidrogênio na proporção de 5 gH2O2/kgcaldo. Percebe-se, dessa forma, a possibilidade de substituição do reagente majoritariamente utilizado, pelo proposto; considerando, ainda, a parceria entre setores privado e público, em consequência de demanda da sociedade por produtos alimentícios isentos de resíduos de enxofre, e do repasse de custos não demasiadamente oneroso para as usinas açucareiras. Todavia, fatores outros, concernentes à qualidade do produto final, como a tendência de degradação de sacarose, as questões ambientais e de saúde pública, assim como os ganhos energéticos devem ser analisados. / The competitive market of sugar production demands a better product with higher quality and lower cost. Sugar quality involves the physical-chemical properties of sucrose during the clarifying process. In white sugar production, sulfur dioxide is used in the clarifying process. However, this reagent has restrictions in food industry and agribusiness systems due to, sulfur dioxide emissions to the atmosphere, as well as its potentially allergenic reactions, concerning exposure to sulfur dioxide residues in foods, in sensitive individuals. Alternative technologies, using hydrogen peroxide and ozone have been proposed. The use of hydrogen peroxide, according to literature, promotes viscosity reduction and syrup purity increase, through the removal of non-sugar compounds. Therefore, hydrogen peroxide is a powerful oxidizing agent that causes partial or total color molecules degradation, causing permanent destruction. The application of hydrogen peroxide, in sugarcane juice, considered in this study has three distinct situations: 0.6 gH2O2/kgsugarcane juice proportion, 1 gH2O2/kgsugarcane juice proportion and 5 gH2O2/kgsugarcane juice proportion, replacing sulfur dioxide - used in the current method. This study scope is the economic viability of hydrogen peroxide, replacing sulfur dioxide in clarifying operation. The investment values using hydrogen peroxide in relation to standard structure were considered rather than the implementation of a new production unit. The hydrogen peroxide values, in clarifying process were higher, considering operational description by technical profits and necessary inputs, because the investment in equipment and input prices were higher. There was an increase of R$ 0.16 bag 50kg sugar using 0.6 gH2O2/kgsyrup; R$ 0.30 /bag 50kg sugar when the proportion was 1 gH2O2/kgsyrup and R$ 1.66/ bag 50kg sugar when the proportion was 5 gH2O2/kgsyrup. Therefore, there is a great possibility of replacing the main reagent used as alternative, including the partnership between private and public sectors the society demands for food products free of sulfur residue presenting production costs less expensive for the sugar industry. However, other factors, related to final product quality, such as sucrose degradation tendency, environmental and public health issues, as well as the energy gains should be analized.

Um dos grandes desafios para as indústrias sucroenergéticas está relacionado com a presença de polissacarídeos, como o amido e a dextrana, no caldo de cana-de-açúcar. Esses compostos causam diversos problemas durante o processamento da cana afetando a qualidade do produto final. As enzimas amilases e dextranases estão sendo empregadas com o objetivo de diminuir o teor desses polissacarídeos no caldo, entretanto, existem restrições quanto à utilização das enzimas no processo devido a possível atividade residual no produto final. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização da enzima alfa amilase na redução do teor de amido na etapa de clarificação do caldo e o efeito da adição de EDTA na inibição da atividade enzimática. Amostras de caldo de cana caleado foram submetidas às diferentes condições de tempo de retenção e temperaturas (20, 40 ou 60 minutos a 75°C e por mais 120 minutos a 95°C), para avaliar o efeito dessas condições na composição de açúcares. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos teores de sacarose, bem como não houve aumento nos teores de açúcares redutores das amostras que permaneceram durante os períodos de 20 e 40 minutos a temperatura 75°C e por mais 120 minutos a 95°C, em relação ao tratamento controle. A enzima utilizada no experimento foi a Starmax E01, enzima termotolerante que foi dosada na concentração de 2ppm nas condições da etapa de clarificação. No experimento que avaliou o efeito da aplicação da enzima, na redução do teor de amido no caldo e a adição do EDTA para inativação da mesma, foi observado que a Starmax E01 foi eficiente na redução do amido, houve redução de 52 e 36% nas amostras avaliadas. Entretanto o EDTA na concentração de 1% não foi efetivo na inibição da enzima, pois não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas na concentração de amido entre as amostras em que foram adicionados EDTA e a que foi dosada somente a enzima. O teor médio de amido nas amostras analisadas foi de 1141 mg/Kg%Brix. Na análise para determinar a presença de atividade residual das enzimas nas amostras após o término do experimento, foi verificado que as enzimas ainda estavam ativas, podendo permanecer como residual em méis e açúcares. Os resultados obtidos são baseados em experimentos realizados em laboratório, simulando as condições do processo, entretanto, as condições encontradas na rotina da usina, são mais complexas. Novos estudos devem ser realizados para otimização da aplicação da enzima de forma a evitar os problemas causados pelo amido no processo e no açúcar bem como a presença de residuais de enzimas no produto final. / A major challenge for sucroenergetic industries is related to the presence of polysaccharides, such as starch and dextran in sugar cane. These compounds cause several problems during the processing of sugar affecting the quality of the final product. The enzymes amylase and dextranases are being employed in order to reduce the level of these polysaccharides in the sugar cane juice; however, there are restrictions on the use of enzymes in the process due to possible residual activity in the final product. This study aimed to evaluate the use of the enzyme alpha amylase in reducing the starch content in the juice clarification step and the effect of addition of EDTA on the inhibition of enzyme activity. Samples of limed sugar cane juice were subjected to different conditions of temperature and retention time (20, 40 or 60 minutes at 75 ° C for a further 120 minutes at 95 °C) to evaluate the effect of these conditions on sugar composition . No significant differences were observed in levels of sucrose , as well as no increase in the reducing sugar content of the samples remained during the period 20 to 40 minutes at temperature 75 °C and for a further 120 minutes at 95 °C compared to control treatment . The enzyme used in the experiment was the Starmax E01, thermo tolerant enzyme that was measured at a concentration of 2 ppm in terms of clarification step. In experiment evaluated the effect of the enzyme in the reduction of starch in the juice and addition of EDTA to inactivate the same , it was observed that the Starmax E01 was effective in reducing starch, a reduction of 52 to 36% in samples evaluated . However the EDTA concentration of 1 % was not effective in inhibiting the enzyme , since there were no statistical differences in starch concentration between samples where EDTA were added and it was measured only the enzyme . The average content of starch in the samples was 1.141 mg/ Kg % Brix. In the analysis to determine the presence of residual enzyme activity in the samples after the experiment, it was found that the enzymes were still active and may remain as residual in sugars and honeys. The results are based on experiments conducted in the laboratory, simulating the conditions of the process, however, the conditions found in routine of a plant, are more complex. Further studies should be performed to optimize the application of the enzyme to avoid the problems caused by starch in the sugar production as well as the presence of residual enzyme in the final product.

By differentiating between the definitions of values and ethics, as well as contrasting value congruence with ethical congruence, this research aims to gain a greater understanding of person-organization fit.

Poor mental health among children and teenagers in Sweden has been recognized and been described as increasing (Folkhälsomyndigheten, 2018). Folkhälsomyndigheten (2018) suggests that there has been a twofold increase of psychosomatic symptoms within the age group of 13-to 15-year-olds in Sweden. This study enlightens the importance of the health promotions within the school system where all the professions within the school should work together to improve the mental health of the students. The purpose with this study is to produce a qualitative study where our intention is to increase the knowledge regarding lesson structures as a success factor from the perspective of the student where the sense coherence-component’s comprehensibility, management and meaningfulness describe the psychological health of the students. Our study has a qualitative approach as we wish to understand how students perceive distinct lesson structures as opposed to vague lesson structures. The collection of data used for this study consists of semi-structured interviews conducted with six informants from two separate junior high schools, that have been analyzed using both a deductive as well as an inductive hypothesis. The inductive coding gave us the subcategories: stress, security, interests, and boredom. The sense coherence-theory has helped us analyze our collection of data, the results of which indicate that of previous research; lesson structure, clarified pedagogy, and participation are the success factors when it comes to the students' sense of coherence. The study also indicates that the informant’s psychological health is affected negatively by vague lessons. The study recognizes the important work being done regarding a Special education methodology and technology approach and the preventively and health promotion within our schools which only benefit from a salutarily perspective. Keywords: clarification pedagogy, lesson structure, poor mental health and sense of coherence.

Within the realm of technical communication, humor has often been regarded as an unnecessary or risky rhetorical device that can negatively impact the credibility of a document. While many other professional fields, such as medicine, computer technology fields, or business have used humor, and humor continues to crop up in "user as producer" documentation, technical writing continues to approach humor cautiously and with little theoretical guidance. In order to fully understand how humor functions, it is important to understand the main theories of humor: superiority, relief, and incongruity. It is also important to understand how humor functions, by looking at Meyer’s four functions of humor: identification, clarification, enforcement, and differentiation. Some primary and secondary manuals have successfully used a rhetorical strategy incorporating humor. Google uses a persona and situated ethos that projects a sense of fun and humor, and incorporates some humor into their documentation. The ""For Dummies"" series is well known and recognized for the situated ethos of providing fun, entertaining direction, while individual authors choose a specific invented ethos for each book written. The three theories of humor and four functions of humor can be applied to humor used in Google and ""For Dummies"". This demonstration better highlights how humor operates and functions in communication, and can provide technical communicators with a tool to use when considering the application of humor in documentation. The application further highlights the need for greater understanding of how humor affects the credibility and success of documentation.

Students are human beings; they, like all of us, make mistakes. In the language classroom, these mistakes may be written, spoken, and even thought. How, if, when, under what conditions and to what degree these errors are treated is of current concern in research regarding language acquisition. In their meta-analysis of interactional feedback, Mackey and Goo (2007) report that the utilization of feedback is beneficial and find evidence that feedback within the context of a focus on form environment is also facilitative of acquisition, echoing Norris and Ortega's (2000) positive findings regarding focus on form research. Thus, the role of feedback has found a somewhat limited, very informative and equally persuasive niche in current theory building and research. There is lack of research specifically addressing the role and effects of forms of feedback, other than recasts, namely prompts, in the second language classroom where the focus in on language use as a means of communication rather than the objectification of it. This context employs focus on form, a brief pedagogical intervention that momentarily shifts the focus of the class from meaning to linguistic form (See Long, 1991). Because prompts withhold correct forms (Lyster, 2004; Lyster & Saito, 2010), encourage students to simultaneously notice and self-correct (Lyster & Ranta, 1997), and push modified, student-generated output (de Bot, 1996; Lyster & Izquierdo, 2009; Lyster & Saito, 2010; Swain & Lapkin, 1995), they may be theoretically more appropriate for a focus on form context. This study examines this role in its function and efficacy comparing an implicit prompt, the clarification request, with an explicit prompt, metalinguistic feedback on students' spoken errors in the use of a very complex target structure, the subjunctive in nominal clauses in Spanish. Efficacy of the feedback is measured through successful student uptake, that is, whether or not students are able to self-repair as a result of the intervention and then through development operationalized as mean gains in a pre-test/post-test design. Statistical significance is shown for uptake with metalinguistic feedback only, however no development is shown as a result of any feedback due to the target structure's acquisition complexity.

Ce travail porte sur l’étude expérimentale et la modélisation de la sédimentation des boues activées. Un pilote expérimental associant une colonne de sédimentation et un transducteur ultrasonore est proposé. Des profils de vitesse de sédimentation et de concentration en particules sont obtenus grâce à ce dispositif, ce qui permet de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de décantation des boues. Ces résultats sont utilisés afin de développer une approche numérique. Un modèle de sédimentation est construit en intégrant des fonctions expérimentales. Une méthodologie mettant en œuvre la différentiation automatique du modèle est ensuite élaborée et appliquée, d'une part, à l'analyse de sensibilité du modèle aux paramètres des fonctions utilisées et, d'autre part, à l'identification des valeurs de ces paramètres à l'aide des résultats expérimentaux. La conjonction des approches expérimentale et numérique proposées constitue un processus efficace pour le développement des modèles de sédimentation. / This work deals with the experimental investigation and modelling of activated sludge settling. An experimental setup combining a settling column and an ultrasonic transducer is proposed. Settling velocity and concentration profiles are obtained using this setup, allowing for a better understanding of the mechanisms of activated sludge settling. These results are applied to the development of a numerical approach. A settling model using experimental functions is built. A methodology based on the automatic differentiation of the model is developed. This methodology is used, on the one hand, to analyse the sensitivity of the results to the model parameters and, on the other hand, to identify the parameter values on the basis of experimental data. The combination of the proposed experimental and numerical methods yields an efficient process for the development of sedimentation models.

Au-dessus d’une certaine température appelée température de trouble (Tc), les solutions aqueuses de la majorité des tensioactifs non ioniques polyéthoxylés se séparent en deux phases liquides en équilibre : la phase diluée et le coacervat. Grâce à la solubilisation micellaire de composés hydrophobes, amphiphiles ou même ioniques et à leur concentration dans le (faible) volume de coacervat, une extraction à deux phases aqueuses (extraction par point de trouble ou par coacervat)peut être réalisée et appliquée à des opérations de dépollution d'effluents industriels ou à la concentration ou encore à la séparation de substances à haute valeur ajoutée. L’extraction par point de trouble (CPE) est une technique relativement simple et écologique pour l'élimination des matières toxiques de l'environnement, qui s’est avérée efficace dans le traitement de divers contaminants (organiques et inorganiques dissous ou dispersés) de l’eau. Une première partie de cette thèse consiste à rappeler quelques notions sur la pollution industrielle des eaux et quelques généralités sur les tensioactifs (TA) et sur l’extraction liquide-liquide. Elle est suivie d’une description des réactifs, du matériel et des méthodes utilisées au cours de ce travail, comme préliminaire à la mise au point d'un procédé d'extraction par coacervat. Quelques propriétés thermodynamiques superficielles (adsorption) et d’association (micellisation) de deux tensioactifs non ioniques industriels (le Simulsol NW342 et le Tergitol 15-S-7) ont été déterminées. Les courbes de démixtion des systèmes binaires (eau/TA) ainsi que l’effet de divers additifs (sel, composés organiques, tensioactifs ioniques) sur le point de trouble sont étudiés. Le diagramme isotherme du système ternaire (eau/TA/ phénol) est tracé. Une application du modèle de Flory-Huggins-Rupert pour la prédiction des courbes de démixtion des tensioactifs non ioniques a été expérimentée. L’extraction à un seul contact, à partir de solutions modèles, utilise des alcools oxo éthoxylés biodégradables (Simulsol NW342 et Tergitol 15-S-7) pour des polluants organiques dissous (phénol, 1-phényléthanol et alcool benzylique) et un mélange de tensioactifs non ionique (Simulsol NW342) et ionique (SDS ou CTAB) pour des polluants métalliques solubles (plomb(II), molybdène(VI)). On cherche le meilleur compromis entre le pourcentage de soluté extrait (E%),la fraction volumique du coacervat (фv), et les pourcentages de soluté et de tensioactif restants dans la phase diluée (Xs,d et XTA, d), en utilisant un plan d'expériences de type Scheffé et un lissage empirique des courbes. Les résultats sont très prometteurs car les pourcentages d’extraction varient de 60 à 95% pour les solutés organiques et de 40 à 85% pour les solutés métalliques, les meilleures performances étant obtenues pour le phénol et le plomb. D’autre part, il est possible, en jouant sur le pH, d’améliorer les séparations et de recycler le tensioactif après désextraction des solutés. Les cinétiques d’extraction, de séparation et de clarification ont été aussi étudiées pour une meilleure compréhension de ces systèmes. Enfin, l’extraction continue du phénol à partir du mélange eau/4%Simulsol NW342/0,2%phénol (mass.) a été testée sur deux appareillages (extracteur centrifuge et mélangeurdécanteur)thermostatés. Dans un procédé multi-étagé à courants croisés sur un mélangeur-décanteur, on arrive à réduire la concentration du phénol à moins de 0,3ppm (concentration limite selon la législation) après six étages. / Above a certain temperature called cloud point (Tc), aqueous solutions of most nonionic polyethoxylated surfactants separate into two liquid phases in equilibrium: the dilute phase and the coacervate. Thanks to the micellar solubilization of hydrophobic, amphiphilic or even ionic compounds and their concentration in the low volume of coacervate, two-aqueous phase extraction (cloud-point or coacervate extraction) can be performed and applied to the removal of pollutants from aqueous industrial effluents or to the concentration or even separation of high added-value chemicals. Cloud point extraction (CPE) is a relatively simple and ecologically-safe technique for the removal of toxic materials from the environment; this process has proved efficient in treating water for various contaminants including dissolved or dispersed organic and inorganic chemicals. The first part of this thesis consists of recalling some notions on industrial wastewater, some generalities about surfactants (TA) and liquid-liquid extraction, followed by a description of all the reagents, materials and methods used in this work as a preliminary study of a coacervate extraction process. Some surface thermodynamic (adsorption) and association (micellization) properties of two industrial nonionic surfactants (Simulsol NW342 and Tergitol 15-S-7) were determined. The cloud point curves of water /TA binary systems are drawn and the effect of various additives (salt, organic compounds, ionic surfactants) on the cloud point is studied. The isothermal diagram of a water/TA/phenol ternary system is drawn. An application of the Flory-Huggins-Rupert model for the prediction of cloud point curves of nonionic surfactants is discussed. Single contact extraction, from model solutions, uses biodegradable polyethoxylated nonionic surfactants (Simulsol NW342 and Tergitol 15-S-7) for dissolved organic pollutants (phenol, 1-phenylethanol and benzyl alcohol) and mixed micelles of nonionic (Simulsol NW342) and ionic (SDS, CTAB) surfactants for soluble electolytes (lead (II), molybdenum (VI)). We search for the best compromise between the percentage of solute extracted (E%), the coacervate volume fraction (фc) and the percentages of solute and surfactant remaining in the dilute phase (Xs,d and XTA,d), These experimental results are subject to an empirical smoothing through a Scheffé-type experimental design, and an empirical curve fitting procedure. The results are very promising, due to the percentage of solute extracted, which varies between 60 and 95% for organic solutes and from 40 to 85% for electrolytes, the best performances being obtained for phenol and lead. On the other hand, it is possible, by adjusting pH, to improve the separation and recycle the surfactant after back-extraction. The kinetics of extraction yield and phase separation and clarification were also investigated for a better understanding of these systems. Finally, the continuous extraction of phenol from a model solution (water/4wt.% Simulsol NW342/0.2wt.% phenol) on two thermostated equipments (a centrifugal extractor and a mixer-settler) was attempted. In a multi-stage process on a cross-current mixer-settler, the concentration of residual phenol in the dilute phase could be reduced to less than 0.3 ppm (concentration allowed by standard European regulations) after six stages.