Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T19:29:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este projeto propõe-se a analisar como se deram as relações entre clérigos e leigos militantes da Juventude Operária Católica (JOC), em Caxias do Sul RS, e de que forma conviveram os preceitos ideológicos cristãos e marxistas presentes na literatura jocista, no período de 1955 e 1975. Além disso, o convívio de elementos mais progressistas da Igreja com o clero, em geral, conservador da região também é estudado pela pesquisa. Os aspectos mencionados são investigados à luz das transformações no contexto político e socioeconômico inerente ao período. A JOC, parte integrante da Ação Católica (Movimento Internacional de Formação e Evangelização de Leigos), configurou um dos mecanismos de mobilização do laicato utilizados pela Igreja no intuito de promover a transformação social, principalmente a partir da “opção pelos pobres” que caracterizou o Concílio Vaticano II. Tal postura, do segmento mais progressista do clero, encontrou obstáculos contundentes com o estabelecimento do regime autoritário no país, o que impl / This project intends to analyze how the relationship between cleric and lay militants of the JOC (Juventude Operária Católica – Catholic Youth Labor) were, in Caxias do Sul RS, and in which way Christian ideological precepts and Marxists present in the jocista literature lived together, in the period between 1955 and 1975. Besides, the conviviality of more progressive elements of the Church with the clergy, in general, conservative of the area is also studied in this research. The mentioned aspects are investigated under the light of transformations in political and socioeconomic context inherent to the period. JOC, integrant of the Catholic Action (Lay Formation and Evangelization International Movement), configured one of the laity mobilization mechanisms used by the Church in the intention of promoting social transformation, mainly starting from the "option for the poor" which characterized the Vatican Council II. Such posture, from the most progressive segment of the clergy, found contusing obstacles with

Le Lancelot-Graal est un roman composite que traverserait un « double-esprit » articulé entre courtoisie et mystique. Le travail de recherche propose de mettre le cycle à l’épreuve d’une matrice dynamique mise en évidence par les historiens et montrant la structuration de la société médiévale en deux pôles, l’un charnel, l’autre spirituel, et dont le point central est la bonne circulation de l’amour, la caritas et d’examiner dans quelle mesure cette mise en tension des deux termes permet de résoudre l’aporie posée par ces deux versants, courtois et mystique. L’analyse du roman tend à montrer que le texte utilise lui-même un ensemble lexical qui permet d’organiser une structure dynamique, du bas vers le haut et de l’extérieur vers l’intérieur. Cette dynamique met en évidence une hiérarchie de valeurs qui structure aussi la narration, organisée en deux ensembles dont le trait commun est l’amour : ainsi, l’amour courtois pour la Dame serait du côté du charnel, l’amour mystique dont l’objet est le Graal serait du côté du spirituel. Néanmoins, l’objet d’étonnement que constituent la Dame et le Graal permet d’orienter la lecture vers une analyse de la merveille dans le texte, analyse qui montre non pas deux esprits mais bien une seule volonté de spiritualiser l’amour. L’amour organise aussi les réseaux de parenté qui permettent de mettre en évidence des stratégies de spiritualisation. En effet, en dernier ressort, l’analyse montre une prise de parole des grands aristocrates qui revendiquent un véritable modèle d’héroïcité laïque. Comme discours d’un groupe social, le roman se construit donc autour du nœud que constitue l’amour, qui circule, bien ou mal, dans le texte. / The Lancelot Graal is a collection of tales, pervaded by two spirits, courtly love and the marvellous. The aim of this research paper is to use the Lancelot Graal to test an interpretation suggested by historians, showing the construction of society in the Middle-Ages as orientated around the two opposing notions of the physical and the spiritual, linked by love, by caritas, and to examine to what extent this resolves the aporia arising from the confrontation between the courtly and the marvellous. The analysis of the novel attempts to show that the text uses a lexicon which reveals a dynamic organization from the bottom to the top and from the outside to the inside. This dynamic organisation highlights a hierarchy of values which also structure the narration, organised into two elements linked by the common theme of love : thus courtly love for a Lady would be physical, love for the Grail would be spiritual. Nevertheless, the sense of astonishment inspired by the Lady and the Grail enables us to show that there aren’t two spirits but only the desire to spiritualise love. Love also organises the network of relationships, which create strategies of spirituality. / The kinship networks are also organised around love. These kinship networks create strategiesof spirituality. Finally, the analysis of the novel shows how aristocrats lay claim to a secular model of heroism. The novel is structured around love which runs its course well or badly in the text.

L’étude des romans attribués à Robert de Boron s’inscrit dans le sillage des travaux sur l’autoréflexivité romanesque et auctoriale, ainsi que sur le développement et la diffusion du mythe du Saint-Graal. Robert de Boron apparaît comme le fondateur d’une importante tradition graalienne, explicitement associée à la figure du Christ et promise à un avenir littéraire considérable. Nous croyons que l’approche mythopoétique, qui permet à la littérature de créer des mythes, s’accorde avec les enjeux socio-historiques des laïcs, ce qui explique pourquoi le projet de Robert s’est étendu jusqu’au cycle du Lancelot -Graal où il a servi de fondation à la chevalerie célestiele. Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous examinons le Saint-Graal et la tradition incarnée par Robert (occurrences, scènes, senefiance et Hauts Livres). Dans la deuxième partie, nous étudions la figure de Robert (éléments de biographie, figure auctoriale, autorité). La dernière partie nous donne l’occasion de remettre les mythes littéraires dans leur contexte afin de montrer qu’ils sont transformés en mythes socio-historiques grâce au savant mélange du discours laïque et du discours clérical. / The study of the French romances attributed to Robert de Boron lies within the recent works on self reflexivity in medieval literature and on the rise and spreading of the Holy Grail myth. Robert de Boron has become known as the founder of a new Grail tradition, explicitly related to Jesus Christ and destined to a great popularity. We think that mythopoétique approach, which allows literature to create myths, is consistent with the socio-historical issues of the laity, which is why Robert’s undertaking has spread to the Lancelot-Grail cycle where it served as the foundation of celestial chivalry. This dissertation consists of three main parts. In the first one, we examine the occurrences of the « Holy Grail » expression in the selected books. Furthermore, we go deeper in our analysis of the Grail tradition embodied by Robert de Boron. In the second part of the thesis, we focus of the figure of Robert, by studying some biographical information, his status as a writer and the nature of medieval authority and authorship. The last section of our work gives us the opportunity to set the literary myths in context to show that they are transformed into socio-historical myths through both secular and clerical discourses in the Arthurian romances.