The main goal of the diploma thesis "Content and Language Integrated Learning with ICT using the Interactive Whiteboard" is to provide a comprehensible assessment of the potential benefits of employing CLIL during ICT lessons. The thesis focuses on the recent history of CLIL and its roots as well as the official support it receives from the European Union. This work also takes a look at the advantages CLIL has to offer and why anybody should consider using it. This work goes on to suggest some basic questions a teacher should ask him/herself when considering whether to employ CLIL or not. The Practical Part is focused on creating a series of activities that may serve as an example of using CLIL during ICT lessons while making use of the Interactive Whiteboard, one of the new tools that is available to an increasing number of schools. The Practical Part also includes sample files to be opened on the Interactive Whiteboard, the age range of learners for whom the activity is intended, their learning context, aims and expected learning outcomes for each activity as well as the kinds of tasks included in each activity and the expected problems. Key Words: CLIL, Content and Language Integrated Learning, ICT, Information and Communication Technology, IWB, Interactive Whiteboard, second language,...

<p>Predmet ove doktorske disertacije je istraživanje interaktivnog učenja muzike i engleskog jezika primenom digitalnih medija. U fokusu istraživanja su dve matične nauke anglistika i muzička umetnost (muzička pedagogija), sa njihovim metodikama, metodikom nastave engleskog jezika i metodikom nastave muzičkih predmeta. Cilj rada je istraživanje mogućnosti metodičke primene različitih digitalnih medija kao podsticaja za unapređenje procesa povezivanja, integrisanja i korelacije sadržaja u interaktivnom učenju muzike i engleskog jezika. Pored toga, istražuju se mogućnosti primene različitih digitalnih medija radi unapređenja procesa učenja, stručnog usavr&scaron;avanja i profesionalnog razvoja nastavnika u obe nastavne oblasti. U prvom delu istraživačkog rada cilj je bio (primenom anketnog upitnika) istražiti moguće i trenutne načine povezanosti učenja muzike i engleskog jezika primenom digitalnih medija. U drugom delu rada, istraživani su inovativni nastavni sadržaji i načini njihove moguće primene u digitalnom okruženju radi podsticanja i unapređenja interaktivnog učenja muzike i engleskog jezika na različitim nivoima obrazovanja. Kvalitativnom analizom digitalnih medija, odnosno, digitalnih i virtuelnih okruženja za učenje predstavljeni su različiti načini povezivanja (integracije i korelacije) nastavnih sadržaja iz ovih naučnih disciplina, s ciljem da se ukaže na neke od postojećih mogućnosti, ali i da se podstaknu nova razmi&scaron;ljanja na tu temu. Na osnovu analize i rezultata istraživanja može se zaključiti da primena digitalnih medija u interaktivnom učenju muzike i engleskog jezika, može doprineti kao podsticaj i medijum prikazivanja obrazovnih sadržaja u usvajanju znanja i ve&scaron;tina, ali i uspe&scaron;nom integrisanju drugih umetnosti i medijske pismenosti u nastavi i učenju. Značaj ovog istraživanja je vi&scaron;estruk za teoriju usvajanja engleskog jezika, za teoriju muzičkog obrazovanja i CLIL nastave, dakle, za metodička, didaktička i andrago&scaron;ka pitanja okruženja učenja u oblastima nastave i učenja engleskog jezika i muzičkih predmeta.</p>

This thesis presents English-medium instruction (EMI) in the Swedish context, focusing on perspectives and practices in two schools. The research question is as follows: How and why is EMI offered, chosen, and practiced in the Swedish upper secondary school today? The aim is to explore the status of the educational option, the reasons for offering EMI to stakeholders, the stakeholders’ beliefs about and goals of EMI, and the implementation of EMI in the classroom. A survey of all upper secondary schools in Sweden was conducted to ascertain the spread of content teaching through a foreign language. The educational context was studied from an ecological perspective using methods based in linguistic ethnography. Language alternation, academic language, and language hierarchy were all considered. Interviews were analysed for content; and classroom language use was analysed for language choice and function. The concepts of affordance and scaffolding together with translanguaging were key. The de facto policies of the micro contexts of the schools were examined in light of the declared national policy of the macro context of Sweden. The results indicate that the option in Swedish schools has not increased, and also tends to only be EMI—not Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) or instruction through other languages. EMI is offered for prestige, an international profile, marketing potential and personal interest. EMI students are academically motivated and confident, and see the option as “fun”. 100% EMI in the lessons is not the goal or the practice. Translanguaging is abundant, but how language alternation is perceived as an affordance or not differs in the two schools. One focuses on how the languages are used while the other focuses on how much each language is used. In conclusion, the analysis suggests that a development of definitions and practices of EMI in Sweden is needed, especially in relation to language policy and language hierarchy.

Esta tesis doctoral pretende aportar nuevos datos sobre los efectos del enfoque AICLE (Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenido y Lengua Extranjera) en las habilidades productivas y receptivas de los alumnos de una escuela privada de Barcelona (Catalunya). Se trata de una comunidad bilingüe en la que las lenguas oficiales son el catalán y el español y en la que el inglés representa la tercera lengua del curriculum. Con este objetivo, se analizan longitudinalmente 100 alumnos bilingües catalán / español de edades comprendidas entre 12 y 15 a lo largo de dos años académicos en dos contextos de exposición diferentes: EFL (inglés sólo como asignatura de lengua extranjera, n=50, grupo de control) y AICLE (inglés como medio de instrucción cuando estudian ciencias naturales, n=50, grupo experimental). Se extraen datos a partir de las habilidades productivas y receptivas y se analizan de forma cuantitativa y cualitativa utilizando un diseño posttest al final de cada curso académico. Los resultados demuestran la efectividad del enfoque AICLE aunque no de forma generalizada en todas las habilidades. A diferencia de investigaciones anteriores, es importante destacar la mejora de la corrección dentro de la producción escrita y de las habilidades léxico-gramaticales. Finalmente, los resultados tienden a confirmar que el factor edad es relevante y que obtienen mejores resultados los sujetos mayores. / The present study seeks to contribute new evidence on the effects of the CLIL approach (Content and Language Integrated Learning) on the learners’ productive and receptive skills in a private school in Barcelona (Catalonia). This is a bilingual community in which both Catalan and Spanish are official languages and where English represents the third language included in the currículum. For that purpose, 100 bilingual Catalan / Spanish students aged 12 to 15 are analysed longitudinally over two academic years in two different types of exposure contexts: EFL (English only as a foreign language school subject, n=50, control group) and CLIL (English as medium of instruction when learning Science, n=50, experimental group). Data are elicited both for productive and comprehension skills and are analysed quantitatively and qualitatively using a posttest design at the end of each academic year. The results show the effectiveness of the CLIL approach, however not in all skills. In contrast with findings published in previous studies, the subjects’ writing and particularly so accuracy, significatively progressed and so did lexico-grammatical abilities.Results also tend to confirm that age had an impact and thus the older, the better.

This thesis presents English-medium instruction (EMI) in the Swedish context, focusing on perspectives and practices in two schools. The research question is as follows: How and why is EMI offered, chosen, and practiced in the Swedish upper secondary school today? The aim is to explore the status of the educational option, the reasons for offering EMI to stakeholders, the stakeholders’ beliefs about and goals of EMI, and the implementation of EMI in the classroom. A survey of all upper secondary schools in Sweden was conducted to ascertain the spread of content teaching through a foreign language. The educational context was studied from an ecological perspective using methods based in linguistic ethnography. Language alternation, academic language, and language hierarchy were all considered. Interviews were analysed for content; and classroom language use was analysed for language choice and function. The concepts of affordance and scaffolding together with translanguaging were key. The de facto policies of the micro contexts of the schools were examined in light of the declared national policy of the macro context of Sweden. The results indicate that the option in Swedish schools has not increased, and also tends to only be EMI—not Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) or instruction through other languages. EMI is offered for prestige, an international profile, marketing potential and personal interest. EMI students are academically motivated and confident, and see the option as “fun”. 100% EMI in the lessons is not the goal or the practice. Translanguaging is abundant, but how language alternation is perceived as an affordance or not differs in the two schools. One focuses on how the languages are used while the other focuses on how much each language is used. In conclusion, the analysis suggests that a development of definitions and practices of EMI in Sweden is needed, especially in relation to language policy and language hierarchy.

Notre recherche porte sur l’analyse comparative de ce que nous appelons les Gestes Professionnels d’Adaptation Linguistique (GPAL), dans l'Enseignement d'une Matière Intégré à une Langue Étrangère (EMILE), à l’œuvre en France, notamment dans les sections internationales du primaire. Son but est de comprendre comment les professeurs des écoles exerçant en contexte multilingue s’adaptent à l’hétérogénéité des élèves en Langue de Scolarisation (LSco). Le terrain de notre étude est constitué de classes ordinaires (enseignement en français et section anglaise) et de groupes de français langue étrangère et d’anglais langue seconde, des écoles maternelle et élémentaire d’un établissement international public de la région PACA. À travers une approche comparative, nous cherchons à comprendre dans quelle mesure le statut de la LSco (vernaculaire ou véhiculaire), l'âge des élèves et le degré d’hétérogénéité linguistique, influencent les GPAL utilisés par les enseignants. Pour chacun de ces trois facteurs nous comparons deux séances de classe ordinaire et deux séances des dispositifs d’aide à l'apprentissage des LSco, pour dégager également l’impact du type d’enseignement (ordinaire ou spécialisé) sur le recours des professeurs aux GPAL. Nous comparons le nombre, les catégories et les types de GPAL utilisés par les enseignants, mais aussi les formes qu’ils prennent à travers les ‘préoccupations des enseignants structurant le milieu didactique’ (Bucheton, 2011), les moments où les professeurs y ont recours via ‘le quadruplet de la structure de l’action de l’enseignant’ (Sensevy & Mercier, 2007) et les buts qu’ils poursuivent en y faisant appel en fonction des ‘4 Cs’ (Coyle, 2002). / Our research is based on a comparative analysis of what we call the Professional Skills of Linguistic Adaptation (PSLA) in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) employed in France, and in particular, in international sections at primary school. It is aimed at understanding how primary school teachers, working in a multilingual context, adapt themselves to pupils’ heterogeneity in the language of instruction. Our study focuses on ordinary classes (classes taught in French and English section classes) and groups of French as a foreign language and English as a second language, in the nursery and elementary schools of a state-run International School in PACA. Through a comparative approach, we wish to understand how the status of the language of instruction (vernacular or vehicular), the pupils’ ages and the level of linguistic heterogeneity influence the PSLA teachers use. For each of these three factors, we compare two sessions in ordinary classes and two sessions conducted in support schemes aimed at facilitating pupils’ integration to the language of instruction, in order to illustrate also the impact of the type of teaching (ordinary or specialised) on the primary school teachers’ use of PSLA. We compare the number, category and type of PSLA used by teachers and also the forms they take through “the teachers’ concerns structuring the didactic environment” (Bucheton, 2011), the instances when teachers employ them through “the quadruplet of the structure of the teacher's action” (Sensevy & Mercier, 2007), and for what purposes through the “4 Cs” (Coyle, 2002).

The thesis is focused on the implementation of method of content and language integrated learning in mathematics in the small school where several grades are taught in one class. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with issues related to teaching of vocational subject in the foreign language. I define CLIL and show the opening implementation of teaching of this method in schools in the Czech Republic. Then, I concern the advantages and disadvantages of this method, the suitability of different subjects and to implement different variants of CLIL, which I can use while teaching at different stages of education in the Czech school system. The main aim of the practical part is to create educational materials and individual plans of lessons for teaching a curriculum of mathematics in English at the first stage of the primary school for grades 4 and 5, implementation of this method to teaching in selected small school and confirmation or refutation the statements of the authors of publications that, if implemented CLIL teaching at schools, it brings indisputable advantages for the whole educational process.

The diploma thesis compares learning conditions in bilingual and regular classrooms in two primary schools from the perspective of educational equity. The first chapter summarizes available information on bilingual classes in the Czech public school system (their prevalence, licensing conditions, and financing). The second chapter describes tracking in the Czech basic school system and its implications for educational inequity. The final chapter of the theoretical part describes the main school factors influencing student achievement in the Czech Republic and abroad. The empirical part presents case studies of two public schools that run a CLIL class. The schools differ in terms of the administrator of the bilingual class, target language, location, and financing of the class. The research compares regular and CLIL classes at each school with regards to admission procedures, pupil characteristics, learning conditions, teacher expectations, teaching methods, and other aspects influencing student achievement. The results reveal that bilingual and regular classes at both schools differ most in terms of socioeconomic compositition and student achievement, giving the pupils of bilingual classes an unfair advantage. However, the classes also differ in other aspects, of which the significance to parents...

The theme of this diploma thesis is GPS devices in teaching as a means of developing inter-subject relations between educational fields of Geography and English language at the 2nd stage of elementary school (on the example of ORP Chotěboř). Presented work consists of theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part includes the methodology of creating both parts, where the author introduces the whole process of making her work. The first part contains the theoretical background, where the author briefly introduces the basic concepts; the chapter focus on GPS devices, their potential use in teaching and the possibilities for inter-subject relations. The integral part of the theoretical part, especially for its thematic setting, is the study of curriculum documents. The practical part of this work contains educational activities that connecting curriculum of the local region, ie. geography, with English language. All presented educational activities consist of the introductory part and a methodical commentary.

This literature review explores the global trend towards implementing English as a medium of instruction in the form of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) and English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) in countries where English is not an official language. Additionally, the essay analyses stakeholders’ perspectives on English language instruction and Extramural English (EE).This is done in a European and Swedish context to explore CLIL, EMI and EE possible effects on proficiency on English and mother tongue from a language hierarchy, second language motivational and egalitarian perspective. The results of the review indicate that further research regarding CLIL, EMI and EE is essential to improve CLIL and EMI education in a European and Swedish context.