La créativité occupe une place centrale dans la conception. Dans une perspective de conception participative, de co-conception, cette créativité est d’autant plus importante qu’elle est celle des futurs utilisateurs, permettant alors d’aboutir à de l’innovation utile. Notre thèse est qu’il est possible d’améliorer la pensée innovante des utilisateurs en quantité (nombre de propositions) et en qualité (degré d’originalité des propositions) en ayant une méthode d’interrogation des participants-utilisateurs basée sur le contrefactuel. En s’intéressant à la Créativité-Utilisateur dans les processus de co-conception sous l’angle de l’optimisation de ces processus, cette thèse s’inscrit dans une approche psycho-ergonomique de l’innovation avec l’objectif d’étudier la possibilité de favoriser la créativité chez les utilisateurs grâce à l’utilisation du raisonnement contrefactuel.Basée sur un modèle de l’apport du contrefactuel à la créativité et à l'innovation, notre hypothèse générale est que (i) la fixité fonctionnelle est un obstacle cognitif majeur dans des tâches nécessitant la créativité mais (ii) elle peut être contrariée par l’utilisation du raisonnement contrefactuel. Ainsi, de la forme « si [OBJETi] alors [pour ACTIONi ] », - par exemple « si Boîte d’allumettes alors Pour Allumer du feu » -, la fixité fonctionnelle serait contrariée en demandant aux participant d’envisager le cas où « si [OBJETi] et [ NON pour ACTIONi ] alors [pour quelles AUTRES ACTIONS] » par exemple « si Boîte d’allumettes et non Pour Allumer du feu ; alors Pour Quoi faire d’autre ? ». En appliquant cette consigne, on devrait voir émerger plus d’idées créatives que dans des tâches habituelles de production d’idées innovantes. La thèse restitue la menée de série de six études, avec la participation d’utilisateurs finaux adultes et enfants, en situation de co-conception créative, allant du plus conceptuel (concevoir les propriétés sur de futurs objets) au plus pratique (la réalisation d’un prototype). Les deux premières études montrent l’apport de la pensée contrefactuelle à la technique de l’entretien semi-direct de recherche (sections 1.1 et 1.2) lorsque des items contrefactuels y sont intégrés. La deuxième et la troisième étude évaluent l’apport de la pensée contrefactuelle à la technique du Focus Group (sections 2.1 et 2.2) ; des items contrefactuels étant intégrés au guide des questions adressées au Focus Group. La quatrième et la cinquième étude analysent l’apport de la pensée contrefactuelle au Brainstorming (sections 3.1 et 3.2) en intégrant des contextes contrefactuels lors des séances de brainstorming et de brainwriting.En résumé, les travaux de thèse mettent en évidence que l’utilisation du raisonnement contrefactuel dans des tâches de créativité amoindrit la fixité fonctionnelle relative à une catégorie en optimisant la production d’idées créatives issues d’autres catégories. / Creativity has a core function in design. Creativity is even more important in the perspective of a participatory design, «co-design», when it comes from future users as it leads to useful innovation. By focusing on users’ creativity in the co-conception processes in terms of the optimization, this thesis is part of a psycho-ergonomic approach to innovation with the objective of studying the possibility of fostering creativity among users. Our proposal is that it is possible to improve users' innovative thinking in quantity (number of proposals) as well as in quality (degree of originality of the proposals) by using a counterfactual-based method for participant-user queries.Based on a model of counterfactual contribution to creativity and innovation, our general assumption is that (i) functional fixity is a major cognitive obstacle in tasks requiring creativity and (ii) functional fixity may be counteracted by the use of counterfactual reasoning. Thus, from rules such as "if [OBJETi] then [for ACTIONi]" - (for instance "if Matchbox then to ignite"), functional fixity would be thwarted by asking participants to consider the following counterfactual " If [OBJETi] and [NOT for ACTIONi] then [for what OTHER ACTIONS] (for instance " if Matchbox and not to ignite; Then for what else? "). By applying this guideline, more creative ideas should emerge than in usual tasks of producing innovative ideas.The thesis is reporting a serie of six studies, with the participation of adult and child end-users embedded in creative co-design situations, ranging from conceptual (designing functional and procedural properties on future objects) to the most practical (the making of a prototype). The first two studies show the contribution of counterfactual thinking to the technique of semi-directed research interviewing (sections 1.1 and 1.2) when counterfactual items are integrated into it. The second and third studies evaluate the contribution of counterfactual thinking to the Focus Group technique (sections 2.1 and 2.2) with counterfactual items included in the questions list. The fourth and fifth studies analyze the contribution of counterfactual thinking to Brainstorming (sections 3.1 and 3.2) by integrating counterfactual contexts during brainstorming and brainwriting sessions.In summary, the thesis works show that the use of counterfactual reasoning in tasks of creativity reduces the functional fixity relative to a category by optimizing the production of creative ideas coming from other categories.

In this work we present the results of the analysis of the surface structures and absorption properties with respect to the CO and O2 molecules of the Sn/Rh and Rh/SnO2 model systems. In the part dedicated to the Sn structures on Rh surfaces with two different orientations - Rh(110) and Rh(111) - we have investigated the development of the core electron levels and valence band during the development of surface reconstructions and absorption of CO molecules. The surface reconstructions of the Sn/Rh(110) systems were studied for the first time. Difference in behaviour w.r.t. Sn/Rh(111) was observed and explanation offered. Finally, on in-situ prepared epitaxial SnO2 layers, the surface reconstruction (4×1) was observed. The CO adsorp- tion properties of Rh on polycrystalline and epitaxial SnO2 layers were also studied and difference in behaviour explained.

The research described in this thesis seeks to explore a concept that has the potential to make a step-change for the control of the properties of energetic materials (sensitivity, long-term storage, processability, performance, etc.), resulting in safer munitions with enhanced performance. This concept is co-crystallisation and involves crystallisation of the energetic material with one or more molecular components in order to modify the properties of the composition. The concept has been demonstrated in the pharmaceutical sector as a successful means of altering the physical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients, e.g. solubility, bioavailability, stability to humidity. This project therefore aims to exploit the concepts of crystal engineering and co-crystallisation as applied to selected energetic materials in order to achieve the following objectives: (i) develop an enhanced understanding of how structure influences key properties such as sensitivity, (ii) control the sensitivity of existing, approved energetic materials, and (iii) identify new energetic materials with enhanced properties, e.g. reduced sensitivity, higher performance, and increased thermal stability. The compound 3,5-nitrotriazolone (NTO) was crystallised with a selection of co-formers to produce salts and co-crystals. The structure properties of these materials were explored using single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, and structural features were correlated with properties such as crystal density, difference in pKa of co-formers, thermal properties, and sensitivity to impact. Detonation velocities of the co-crystals were calculated based on densities, chemical composition, and heats of formation. Co-former molecules included a series of substituted anilines, substituted pyridines (including 4,4’-bipyridine, 2-pyridone), and substituted triazoles. A co-crystal was formed between NTO and 4,4’-bipyridine on crystallisation from ethanol, whilst a salt was formed when crystallised from water. Upon heating the salt to 50ºC, the co-crystal was formed. Structural differences between the salts formed by NTO with 3,5-DAT and 3,4- DAT were correlated with structural features. 3,5-DAT.NTO is substantially less impact sensitive than 3,4-DAT.NTO, and this is attributed to the layered structure of 3,5-DAT.NTO. An investigation into triazole-based NTO salts under high pressure was conducted. A new polymorph of 3,5-DAT.NTO was discovered upon increasing the pressure to 2.89 GPa. The high-pressure phase appears to retain the layered structure and remains in this phase up to 5.33 GPa, although it was not recoverable upon decompression to atmospheric pressure. The compression behaviour of the unit cell volume for phase I of 3,5-DAT.NTO has been fitted to a 3rd-order Birch- Murnaghan equation of state (EoS) with V0 = 957.7 Å3, B0 = 8.2 GPa and B’0 = 14.7. The unit cell was found to be most compressible in the a and c directions. Under high pressure 3,4-DAT.NTO does not give any indication of a phase change occurring up to 6.08 GPa. The coefficients of the 3rd-order Birch-Murnaghan EoS have been determined to be V0 = 915.9 Å3, B0 = 12.6 GPa and B’0 = 6.5.

Cette thèse porte sur la conception, la modélisation et le prototypage de nanorobots pour des applications en nanomédecine, en biologie et en nanosystèmes. Principalement deux approches ont été proposées. La première approche implique la modélisation multi-échelle (la mécanique quantique, dynamique moléculaire, mécanique continue) couplée aux techniques de réalité virtuelle. La plateforme ainsi développée a permis en premier lieu, la caractérisation biomécanique de différents composants nanorobotiques : nanoressorts à base de protéines et de nanomoteurs moléculaires (ADN, nanotube de carbone, protéines). Le développement de la plateforme a permis ensuite d’assembler d’une manière interactive (retour visuel et retour de force) des structures nanorobotiques, d’optimiser leur structure et de caractériser leur comportement dynamique. Dans la seconde approche, une méthodologie originale de co-prototypage à été développée. Le co-prototypage permet en effet de coupler les expérimentations et les simulations afin d’avoir un modèle réaliste. Ceci permet de mettre à jour les paramètres de simulation et de réajuster le processus de fabrication après optimisation. D’autre part, les simulations permettent d’observer des phénomènes à l’échelle nanométrique qui sont jusque là inaccessibles par expérimentation. Durant ce travail de thèse, j’ai développé des nouvelles structures nanorobotiques : des nanomachines à base d’ADN, un bio-nanoactionneur linéaire ainsi qu’une nanomachine rotative à base de nanotubes de carbone. Quelques uns de ces prototypes ont été fabriqués, optimisés et validés expérimentalement. / Nanorobots represent a nanoscale devices where proteins such as DNA, carbon nanotubes could act as motors, mechanical joints, transmission elements, or sensors. When these different components were assembled together they can form nanorobots with multi-degree-of-freedom, able to apply forces and manipulate objects in the nanoscale world. In this work, we investigated the design, assembly, simulation, and prototyping of biological and artificial molecular structures with the goal of implementing their internal nanoscale movements within nanorobotic systems in an optimized manner. The thesis focuses, mainly on two approaches. The first one involves multiscale modeling tools (quantum mechanics, molecular dynamics, continuum mechanics) coupled to virtual reality advanced techniques. In order to design and evaluate the characteristics of molecular robots, we proposed interactive nanophysics-based simulation which permits manipulation of molecules, proteins and engineered materials in molecular dynamics simulations with real-time force feedback and graphical display. The second approach uses a novel co-prototyping methodology. The optimization of engineered nanorobotic device is coupled to experimental measurements and force field modeling algorithms.

This paper deals with a unique form of collaboration in Sweden between a public institution and civil society in the form of Södertörn's firefighting union and civil volunteers. This is a unique collaboration form in Sweden and is active in Hovsjö, a neighborhood in Södertälje. Collaboration as a term is generally seen as a positively charged concept that is widely used, but what does it mean in this context? To make a scientific deep dive in the collaborative form, a distinction is made between the theoretical terms of co-creation and co-production. These terms functions as two separate ideal forms of collaboration with different characteristics which make out the analytical lens of the paper to understand and classify the collaboration form. Co-creation refers to a collaboration form in which the end user has a role in the collaborative form which involves active involvement in the stages of production, that is the design of the concept itself. Co-creation as a concept and its use is reserved for collaborative forms where the end user is involved as co-initiator or designer. Co-production on the other hand refers to a collaboration form in which the end user has a clearer role as service provider and another actor sets the agenda. Interviews were conducted with representatives from Södertörn's firefighting union and a civil volunteer. The overall assessment of the collaborative form is that it can be categorized as coproduction, due to the relation between the actors involved in the collaboration form. Södertörn's firefighting union, who is the initiator, is leading and controlling the collaboration form. There is no common value creation in the design of the collaborative form, instead the value occurs in the execution phase, in terms of the rescue service who owns the agenda. The collaboration form is there for classified as co-production. Despite the dominant position of co-production, the analysis of the form of collaboration and its actors has not revealed any tensions between the two. All actors' views on the form of collaboration as well as the other actor are of a positive nature.

SILVA, K. F. Estudo do polimorfismo e desenho de cocristais dos anti-helminticos ricobendazol e albendazol. 2016. 80 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Física) – Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016. / Submitted by Giordana Silva (giordana.nascimento@gmail.com) on 2017-04-18T18:18:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_kfbatista.pdf: 28307438 bytes, checksum: 68389a7bb1335fb08ea6dab7e0ce7b95 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Giordana Silva (giordana.nascimento@gmail.com) on 2017-04-18T18:18:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_kfbatista.pdf: 28307438 bytes, checksum: 68389a7bb1335fb08ea6dab7e0ce7b95 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-18T18:18:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_kfbatista.pdf: 28307438 bytes, checksum: 68389a7bb1335fb08ea6dab7e0ce7b95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / The physico-chemical properties of drugs are directly related to their therapeutic efficacy, and these, in turn, are linked to the structural arrangement presented by the drug, which comes from the different conformations and/or intra and intermolecular interactions that define the crystalline packing of molecules in the different solid forms. In this way, knowing and controlling these characteristics is of fundamental importance in the pharmaceutical area. In this context, the present work applied different strategies involving crystal engineering, aiming at the improvement of the biopharmaceutical properties of the drugs: ricobendazole and albendazole. In the case of ricobendazole, crystals were obtained from the slow evaporation technique and, making use of single crystal x-ray diffraction, the crystalline structure of the drug has been clarified, as well as a careful characterization in the solid state was performed. Ricobendazole crystallizes in a monoclinic system belonging to P21/c space group. The crystalline structure is composed of four molecules per unit cell (Z = 4), accommodating a molecule in the asymmetric unit (Z = 1), and possessing the following lattice parameters: a = 7.5960 (16) Å, b = 9.3047 (18) Å, c = 18,726 (4) Å, and β = 82.198 (5)°. For albendazole the objective was to investigate the polymorphic forms reported in the literature, as well as seek new crystalline phases of the drug. There are reported two polymorphic forms, forms I and II, which are enantiotropically related. However, we found that there are three crystalline forms for albendazole, where form I refers to the commercially distributed form, which, when recrystallized in methanol yields a third polymorph, form III. Therefore, the characterization of the polymorphic forms of albendazole was performed, making a comparative study between polymorphic crystal structures which allowed us to investigate their thermodynamic stability. Another strategy applied to drugs covered the development of multi-component crystals with several coformers. Thus, we do a search for co-crystals for both drugs through the solvent-assisted milling and slurry techniques, using a variety of coformers. Promising results were obtained with oxalic acid, salicylic acid, 2.6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3.5- dihydroxybenzoic acid and 3.5- dinitroxybenzoic acid. In this way, we obtained possible co-crystals for ricobendazole and albendazole, being these unpublished results for these drugs. / As características físico-químicas dos fármacos estão diretamente relacionadas à sua eficácia terapêutica, e estas, por sua vez, estão vinculadas ao arranjo estrutural apresentado pelo fármaco, o qual é oriundo das diferentes conformações e/ou interações intra e intermoleculares que definem o empacotamento cristalino das moléculas nas diferentes formas sólidas. Desta forma, conhecer e controlar estas características é de fundamental importância na área farmacêutica. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho aplicou diferentes estratégias envolvendo a engenharia de cristais, visando a melhora das propriedades biofarmacêuticas dos fármacos ricobendazol e albendazol. No caso do ricobendazol, cristais foram obtidos a partir da técnica de evaporação lenta e fazendo uso da difração de raio X de monocristal a estrutura cristalina do fármaco foi elucidada, bem como uma cuidadosa caracterização no estado sólido foi realizada. O ricobendazol cristaliza no sistema monoclínico pertencente ao grupo espacial P21/c. A estrutura cristalina é composta por quatro moléculas por cela unitária (Z=4), acomodando uma molécula na unidade assimétrica (Z’ =1), e possuindo os seguintes parâmetros de rede: a = 7.5960(16) Å, b = 9.3047(18) Å, c= 18.726(4) Å e β = 82,198(5)°. Já para o albendazol o objetivo foi investigar as formas polimórficas reportadas na literatura, bem como buscar novas fases cristalinas do fármaco. Uma vez que encontra-se reportada duas formas polimórficas, as formas I e II que estão enantiotropicamente relacionadas. Entretanto, concluímos que há três formas cristalinas para o albendazol, no qual a forma I refere-se à forma comercialmente distribuída que, quando recristalizada em metanol, obtém-se um terceiro polimorfo, a forma III. Sendo assim, realizamos a caracterização das formas polimórficas do albendazol, fazendo um estudo comparativo entre os polimorfos, o que nos permitiu investigar sua estabilidade termodinâmica. Outra estratégia aplicada aos fármacos abrangeu o desenvolvimento de cristais multicomponentes com diversos coformadores. Ou seja, realizamos uma busca por co-cristais para ambos os fármacos através das técnicas de moagem assistida por solvente e slurry, usando uma variedade de coformadores. Resultados promissores foram obtidos com ácido oxálico, ácido salicílico, ácido 2,6-dihidroxibenzoico, ácido 3,5-dihidroxibenzoico e ácido 3,5- dinitroxibenzoico. Deste modo, obtivemos possíveis co-cristais para o ricobendazol e o albendazol, sendo estes resultados inéditos para os referidos fármacos.

Cette thèse est une investigation multi-perspective du phénomène des innovations crées par les utilisateurs finaux. Elle est focalisée sur les procès des innovations et de co-création des technologies venu du niveau des utilisateurs finaux, c’est-à-dire sur les procès qui sont appelé dans des publications anglophones ‘grassroots technologies’. Nous considérons comment ces développements se plongent dans le contexte des complications d’environnent et de ses interactions avec des acteurs déjà en jeu, i.e. institutes et des infrastructures déjà existants. Notre recherche est fondée sur le développement d’une infrastructure d’Internet, évoluant pendant 16 ans, dont est élaboré par des particuliers comme alternative à l’inaction du gouvernement et des fournisseurs d’Internet. Le phénomène a réuni millions des utilisateurs, création des innovations et des biens publics par des particuliers, ainsi que coopération fécond avec des organismes privés. La thèse comprend trois articles de recherche, chacun prenant une perspective différente du phénomène. Du point de vu de la méthodologie, ce travail est appuie sur l’approche avec les études qualitatives des cas et les raisonnements abductifs et inductifs. La thèse fournit contributions théoriques et pratiques pour compréhensions des conditions préalables, procès et conséquences des innovations par des utilisateurs finaux, la coévolution du sens et de la structure de la technologie, lien entre le niveau des innovations par des utilisateurs finaux et l’industrie, ainsi que le changement en routines et technologies quand ces dernières sont plongés dans l’ambiance de la dynamique institutionnelle et des complexités. / This dissertation is a multi-perspective inquiry into the phenomenon of grassroots end-user innovation. It focuses on the processes of end-user innovation and technology co-creation and investigates how these developments are embedded in the context of environmental complexities and the interplay of existing actors, institutions and infrastructures. The research setting is based on the 16-year Internet infrastructure development by residential citizens as an alternative to the government and private providers’ inaction. The phenomenon included millions of users, innovations and public value creation from the grassroots, and successful cooperation with private organizations. The dissertation mainly comprises three research papers each taking a separate perspective on the phenomenon. Methodologically, the dissertation builds on the qualitative case-study approach and abductive and inductive reasonings. The dissertation provides theoretical and practical contributions to the understanding prerequisites, process and consequences of end-user innovation, co-evolution of the technology meaning and structure, grassroots links with industry, as well as organizational change in routines and technologies as embedded in larger institutional dynamics and complexities.

This thesis analyses financial contagion between a reference EU market - Germany and markets of five countries which are actively seeking to become a part of European Union - Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey, Bosnia and Macedonia in the period of March 2006 to March 2018. We apply quantile regression framework to analyse contagion which we base on the occurrence and degree of coexceedances between the reference and analysed market. The results indicate that contagion between stock markets exists, however in different degree for each of the analysed markets. In addition we apply the regression framework specifically for period of financial crisis of 2008 to demonstrate that contagion is stronger during turbulent market periods. JEL Classification G01, G14, G15 Keywords coexceedance, quantile regression, contagion, stock markets Author's e-mail 80605682@fsv.cuni.cz Supervisor's e-mail roman.horvath@fsv.cuni.cz

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / As indústrias consomem volumes elevados de água e outras substâncias químicas na síntese dos seus produtos e geram grande quantidade de rejeitos. Entre os mais importantes poluentes encontrados nos efluentes dessas indústrias estão os corantes sintéticos que representam um problema, pois não são facilmente destruídos por tratamentos convencionais. A fotocatálise heterogênea tem sido considerada como uma alternativa efetiva no tratamento de efluentes contendo esses corantes. Neste trabalho, estudou-se a cinética de descoloração e o grau de mineralização dos corantes sintéticos reativos Yellow 145, Black 5, Red 4 e Blue 21 através da fotocatálise utilizando ZnO puro e impregnado com íons Fe2+ e Co2+. Testes preliminares foram realizados para otimizar a concentração dos corantes e a massa mínima de catalisador a ser utilizado nos experimentos fotocatalíticos. Além da fotocatálise, experimentos individuais de fotólise e adsorção também foram realizados, porém se mostraram poucos eficientes. Através da espectrofotometria UV-Vis, verificou-se o total descoramento individual dos corantes em aproximadamente 30 minutos de irradiação com ZnO. O grau de mineralização de cada corante foi determinado através de análise de carbono orgânico total (COT), atingindo-se cerca de 70 a 80% de mineralização após 240 minutos de tratamento fotocatalítico. Foram comparadas, ainda, as eficiências de cada fotocatalisador ZnO, Fe/ZnO e Co/ZnO na mineralização de uma solução contendo a mistura dos quatro corantes já mencionados após 240 minutos de reação. A eficiência na mineralização da mistura dos corantes seguiu a seguinte ordem: Co/ZnO (32%), ZnO (78%) e Fe/ZnO (87%). A reação de degradação fotocatalítica do corante Black 5 seguiu uma cinética de primeira ordem, enquanto que os corantes Yellow 145, Red 4 e Blue 21 seguiram uma cinética de ordem zero. / Industries consume a huge amount of water and other chemical substances in the synthesis of their products and generate an elevated quantity of waste. Among the most important pollutants found in textile wastewaters are the synthetic dyes, that are not destroyed by conventional treatments. Alternatively, the heterogeneous photocatalysis is considered an affective treatment for wastewaters containing strong coloration. In this work, it was studied the decoloration kinetics and the degree of mineralization of four reactive dyes (Yellow 145, Black 5, Red 4 and Blue 21) in presence of UV irradiation and pure ZnO or impregnated ZnO with ions Fe2+ and Co2+ as photocatalysts. Preliminary tests indicated the optimal initial dyes concentration and the minimum amount of catalyst to be used in the photocatalytic experiments. In addition to the photocatalitic tests, individual experiments of photolysis and adsorption were also conducted, but they were not efficient. Results from UV-VIS spectrophotometry revealead the total color removal after 30 minutes of photocatalytic treatment with ZnO. Mineralization determined by total organic carbon (TOC) analyses showed that photocatalytic treatments were quite efficient achieving up to 80% of mineralization after 240 minutes of irradiation with ZnO. The efficiency of each photocatalyst ZnO, Fe/ZnO and Co/ZnO in the mineralization of a solution containing the four dyes mixture was also compared. After 240 minutes of irradiation, the mineralization of the dyes mixture presented the following order: Co/ZnO (32%), ZnO (78,8%) and Fe/ZnO (87,26%). The photocatalytic degradation of Black 5 dye followed a first order kinetic, while Yellow 145, Red 4 and Blue 21 dyes decoloration followed a zero order model

abstract: This interpretive research examines the phenomenon of people who engage in designing for themselves in a world in which this is no longer necessary. For in this Schumpeterian society – one can simply purchase from a plethora of products and services that are designed by professionals, generated by producers, and made available for purchase via a myriad of channels. So why do people bother designing for ourselves? Drawing on in-depth interviews, this research provides insights into individuals who choose to participate in the design process. The findings that follow are from a representative study of individuals who recently were involved in designing their home kitchen. Results show that by engaging in design endeavors these informants received not only instrumental value (speed, efficiency) and economic value (money saved), but also socio-psychological value (signaling identity, desire for uniqueness) and transcendental value (joy, wonder, satisfaction). Framing these findings according to three foundational design actions – using, ideating, and making, the researcher developed a segmentation typology of the multi-faceted roles that people play in the act of designing. This study contributes to the existing literature by: (1) broadening the dyadic perspectives of provider and consumer roles in the realization of a design outcome; (2) revealing that when one engages in designing a desired outcome they create a deeper, more authentic, and abiding signaler of self than when we purchase what we seek; (3) extending design theory beyond the prevailing view that embeds the value of a design in outcome – the tool; and humans as homer faber, tool makers. Managerial and design practice implications offer specific suggestions for building and nurturing people in their design endeavors. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Design 2015