This thesis deals with possibilities of cognitive development support of adolescents with learning disabilities. The theoretical part first introduces cognitive deficits which are typical for these disabilities. Then it focuses on particular possibilities for adolescents with learning disabilities and how to support their cognitive development. Attention is paid to the use of modern information technologies and applications for children and adolescents with learning disabilities. The thesis also includes a research that attempts to verify the effectiveness of application called Tablexia. Although the results do not confirm the clear efficiency of cognitive training with this application, optional ways to capture the effectiveness better are discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:50:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Marcelo (ARQUIVO - PDF).pdf: 1049965 bytes, checksum: c3753e4076c49b3ab00060ac2a62bcee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-15 / This paper aims at highlighting the contributions of games and play activities in Physical Education classes and their importance regarding the cognitive development of pre-school and first- to fourth-graders. The study focused on the historic of Physical Education in Brazil, its tendencies and perspectives, the formation and performance of the professionals of the area, and the importance of Physical Education classes at Pre-school and in the first grades of Elementary school. It has also analyzed play activities and their applications in the school setting, seeking to improve children s cognitive structures by means of a sequential work. The phases of cognive development have been investigated by approaching acquisition and concept formation; the games and play activities were seen from conceptual points of view. The methodology used in this study was field research with a sample population of 39 children aged 5 to 10, both boys and girls, enrolled from Pre-school through the fourth grade of Elementary School, more specifically a group of students at Pre-school III, a group of second-graders and another group of fourth-graders. A Physical Education teacher, three multi-disciplinary teachers, a Pre-school teacher and two monitors have also taken part in the study. A set of games and play activities with an emphasis in the cognitive structures of the children involved was designed and applied and data were collected during a period of two and a half months (10 weeks from 9/22/2004 to 12/06/2004). The main focus of the activities applied aimed at improving the cognitive aspect. Data have been analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively and showed that the games designed (with a gradual increase in complexity inserting new factors of unbalance) were compatible with the level and grades of the students involved in the process. It was also observed that the scientific view of movement, within a playing setting, can play an essential role in the child s development, not only in the cognitive aspect, but also in the psycho-motor and affective-social aspects, considering that these terms cannot be dissociated. From the observations made by the teachers in class, the research indicated significant results and signs of improvement, as well as advances in structuring cognitive development aspects. / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi evidenciar as contribuições dos jogos e das atividades lúdicas nas aulas de Educação Física, bem como, sua importância no que se refere ao desenvolvimento cognitivo da criança pré-escolar e de 1ª a 4ª séries do Ensino Fundamental. O estudo enfocou o histórico da Educação Física escolar no Brasil, suas tendências e perspectivas, formação e atuação dos profissionais da área, a importância das aulas de Educação Física na Educação Infantil e séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Analisou também os jogos lúdicos e suas aplicações num contexto escolar, buscando o aprimoramento das estruturas cognitivas da criança, por meio de um trabalho seqüencial. Investigou os estágios do desenvolvimento cognitivo com abordagens sobre aquisição e formação de conceitos, sendo os jogos e as atividades lúdicas, vistos a partir de enfoques conceituais. A metodologia que norteou o presente foi a pesquisa de campo. A população amostrada contou com o envolvimento de 39 crianças de 5 a 10 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, cursando desde a educação infantil até a 4ª série do Ensino Fundamental, sendo especificamente um grupo de alunos do Pré III, um grupo de alunos da 2ª série e outro da 4ª série. Contou também com um professor de Educação Física, três professoras polivalentes, uma professora de Educação Infantil e dois monitores. Para a coleta de dados foi desenvolvida e aplicada uma bateria de jogos e atividades lúdicas, com ênfase no aprimoramento das estruturas cognitivas das crianças envolvidas, compreendendo um período de dois meses e meio (10 semanas - 22/set/2004 a 06/dez/2004). O enfoque principal das atividades aplicadas esteve voltado para a melhoria do aspecto cognitivo. Os dados coletados foram analisados quanti e qualitativamente e mostraram que os jogos desenvolvidos (com aumento gradativo de complexidade - inserção de novos fatores de desequilíbrio) foram compatíveis ao nível e séries que se encontravam os alunos envolvidos no processo. Observou-se também, neste estudo, que a cientifização do movimento, dentro de um contexto lúdico, pode exercer um papel imprescindível no desenvolvimento infantil, não somente no aspecto cognitivo, mas também nos aspectos psicomotor e afetivo-social, considerando-se a indissociabilidade desses termos. A pesquisa indicou que houve resultados significativos e sinais de melhoria e avanços na estruturação de aspectos do desenvolvimento cognitivo, a partir das observações realizadas pelas professoras em sala de aula.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:54:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Marcelo (ARQUIVO - PDF).pdf: 1049965 bytes, checksum: c3753e4076c49b3ab00060ac2a62bcee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-15 / This paper aims at highlighting the contributions of games and play activities in Physical Education classes and their importance regarding the cognitive development of pre-school and first- to fourth-graders. The study focused on the historic of Physical Education in Brazil, its tendencies and perspectives, the formation and performance of the professionals of the area, and the importance of Physical Education classes at Pre-school and in the first grades of Elementary school. It has also analyzed play activities and their applications in the school setting, seeking to improve children s cognitive structures by means of a sequential work. The phases of cognive development have been investigated by approaching acquisition and concept formation; the games and play activities were seen from conceptual points of view. The methodology used in this study was field research with a sample population of 39 children aged 5 to 10, both boys and girls, enrolled from Pre-school through the fourth grade of Elementary School, more specifically a group of students at Pre-school III, a group of second-graders and another group of fourth-graders. A Physical Education teacher, three multi-disciplinary teachers, a Pre-school teacher and two monitors have also taken part in the study. A set of games and play activities with an emphasis in the cognitive structures of the children involved was designed and applied and data were collected during a period of two and a half months (10 weeks from 9/22/2004 to 12/06/2004). The main focus of the activities applied aimed at improving the cognitive aspect. Data have been analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively and showed that the games designed (with a gradual increase in complexity inserting new factors of unbalance) were compatible with the level and grades of the students involved in the process. It was also observed that the scientific view of movement, within a playing setting, can play an essential role in the child s development, not only in the cognitive aspect, but also in the psycho-motor and affective-social aspects, considering that these terms cannot be dissociated. From the observations made by the teachers in class, the research indicated significant results and signs of improvement, as well as advances in structuring cognitive development aspects. / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi evidenciar as contribuições dos jogos e das atividades lúdicas nas aulas de Educação Física, bem como, sua importância no que se refere ao desenvolvimento cognitivo da criança pré-escolar e de 1ª a 4ª séries do Ensino Fundamental. O estudo enfocou o histórico da Educação Física escolar no Brasil, suas tendências e perspectivas, formação e atuação dos profissionais da área, a importância das aulas de Educação Física na Educação Infantil e séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Analisou também os jogos lúdicos e suas aplicações num contexto escolar, buscando o aprimoramento das estruturas cognitivas da criança, por meio de um trabalho seqüencial. Investigou os estágios do desenvolvimento cognitivo com abordagens sobre aquisição e formação de conceitos, sendo os jogos e as atividades lúdicas, vistos a partir de enfoques conceituais. A metodologia que norteou o presente foi a pesquisa de campo. A população amostrada contou com o envolvimento de 39 crianças de 5 a 10 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, cursando desde a educação infantil até a 4ª série do Ensino Fundamental, sendo especificamente um grupo de alunos do Pré III, um grupo de alunos da 2ª série e outro da 4ª série. Contou também com um professor de Educação Física, três professoras polivalentes, uma professora de Educação Infantil e dois monitores. Para a coleta de dados foi desenvolvida e aplicada uma bateria de jogos e atividades lúdicas, com ênfase no aprimoramento das estruturas cognitivas das crianças envolvidas, compreendendo um período de dois meses e meio (10 semanas - 22/set/2004 a 06/dez/2004). O enfoque principal das atividades aplicadas esteve voltado para a melhoria do aspecto cognitivo. Os dados coletados foram analisados quanti e qualitativamente e mostraram que os jogos desenvolvidos (com aumento gradativo de complexidade - inserção de novos fatores de desequilíbrio) foram compatíveis ao nível e séries que se encontravam os alunos envolvidos no processo. Observou-se também, neste estudo, que a cientifização do movimento, dentro de um contexto lúdico, pode exercer um papel imprescindível no desenvolvimento infantil, não somente no aspecto cognitivo, mas também nos aspectos psicomotor e afetivo-social, considerando-se a indissociabilidade desses termos. A pesquisa indicou que houve resultados significativos e sinais de melhoria e avanços na estruturação de aspectos do desenvolvimento cognitivo, a partir das observações realizadas pelas professoras em sala de aula.

La pédagogie Montessori est une méthode d’éducation qui a été mise au point au début du siècle dernier par Maria Montessori pour des enfants d’un quartier défavorisé de Rome en Italie. Depuis sa création, elle s’est développée à la marge de l’éducation nationale et se retrouve principalement dans des écoles privées. La pédagogie Montessori devient cependant de plus en plus populaire auprès des enseignants de l’école maternelle publique. Ce récent engouement apparaît fondé à la vue de plusieurs principes de cette méthode. En effet, elle promeut l’autonomie, l’auto-régulation, la coopération entre pairs d’âges variés et l’apprentissage à partir de matériels sensoriels et auto-correctifs. Ces caractéristiques sont plutôt en accord avec les connaissances scientifiques sur l’apprentissage et le développement de l’enfant. Cependant, à ce jour, les preuves expérimentales rigoureuses de son efficacité sont limitées. Dans cette thèse, nous avons mesuré les compétences langagières, mathématiques, exécutives et sociales d’enfants d’une école maternelle, repartis aléatoirement entre des classes appliquant la pédagogie Montessori ou une pédagogie conventionnelle. Nous avons suivi leurs progrès au cours des trois années de l’école maternelle (étude longitudinale) et avons comparé les performances des enfants en fin de Grande Section (étude transversale). Nous avons également élaboré une mesure pour évaluer objectivement la qualité d’implémentation de la pédagogie Montessori dans cette école, situé dans un quartier défavorisé. Nos résultats ne montrent pas de différences entre les groupes dans les domaines des mathématiques, des compétences exécutives et des compétences sociales. Cependant, les enfants issus des classes Montessori avaient de meilleures performances en lecture que les enfants issus des classes conventionnelles en fin de Grande Section. La pédagogie Montessori apparaît donc comme adaptée à l’apprentissage de la lecture chez le jeune enfant / The Montessori method of education was created at the beginning of the last century by Maria Montessori to help children in a disadvantaged neighborhood of Rome in Italy. Although it is nowadays most commonly found in private schools, the Montessori method has gained popularity among teachers in public preschool and kindergarten in France and around the world. This popularity may appear legitimate with regards to the principles underlying the Montessori methods, which involve autonomy, self-regulation, cooperation between children from different age groups and learning with multi-sensorial and self-correcting materials. These characteristics are broadly in line with research on learning and development in young children. However, there is limited evidence for the effectiveness of the Montessori method in the scientific literature. In this thesis, we measured the linguistic, mathematical, executive and social skills of preschoolers and kindergarteners from a public school in which children were randomly assigned to classrooms in which the Montessori method was implemented or to classrooms in which a conventional teaching was used. We followed children from the first year of preschool to kindergarten (longitudinal study) and compared the performance of children at the end of kindergarten (cross-sectional study). We also developed a scale to evaluate the quality of implementation of the Montessori method in the school, located in a disadvantaged neighborhood. Our results do not show any difference between groups in terms of mathematical, executive and social skills. However, children from Montessori classrooms had better reading performance than children from conventional classrooms at the end of kindergarten. Therefore, the Montessori method appears to be well suited for developing reading skills of young children

L’objectif général de cette thèse est (i) d’examiner l’influence du contexte socio-émotionnel sur la prise de décision à risque, chez l’enfant, l’adolescent et l’adulte (ii) et de s’interroger sur la dynamique développementale des Types 1 (heuristique) et 2 (analytique) de raisonnement envisagés par les théories du double processus et de leur articulation avec la Prospect Theory. Selon nous, cette articulation permettra de mieux rendre compte de l’influence des émotions sur la sensibilité aux gains et aux pertes dans la prise de décision. Dans ce contexte, nous avons d’abord examiné l’influence d’un contexte émotionnel incident sur la sensibilité à un biais décisionnel classique, l’effet du cadre de présentation, chez l’adulte. Nous nous sommes intéressés à l’influence du contexte émotionnel du point de vue de sa valence (positive ou négative), avant d’étudier l’influence d’émotions spécifiques (la colère et la peur). Sur le plan de la valence, nos résultats mettent en évidence l’influence des émotions positives dans la disparition de l’effet du cadre, à travers la réduction de l’aversion aux pertes. Les émotions plus spécifiques ont une influence différenciée sur la prise de risque, la peur tendant à l’augmenter, tandis que la colère tend à la réduire. Puis, nous avons étudié l’influence d’émotions positives sur la sensibilité à l’effet du cadre à l’adolescence, période critique en termes de prise de risque. La sensibilité à l’effet du cadre varie en fonction des sommes en jeu, ce qui conduit à une influence différenciée du contexte émotionnel selon cet enjeu. Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés au développement de deux émotions intégrales au processus de prise de décision, dites également contrefactuelles (le regret et le soulagement) et à leur influence sur la volonté de reconsidérer un choix. Pour ce faire, nous avons élaboré une tâche de prise de décision induisant du regret ou du soulagement et nous avons mis en évidence un développement progressif du ressenti de ces émotions et de la capacité à les prendre en compte lors de la reconsidération d’un choix antérieur. Enfin, nous avons étudié le développement du regret social et du soulagement social de l’enfance à l’âge adulte, à travers un paradigme de compétition avec un pair. Le contexte de compétition semble biaiser l’évaluation rationnelle du regret et du soulagement à l’adolescence, certaines situations étant perçues comme plus désirables par rapport à un contexte de jeu individuel. Ces résultats sont discutés en lien avec la Prospect Theory, puisque la sensibilité aux gains et aux pertes semble modulée de façon distincte, à différents stades du développement, par le contexte émotionnel. / The general goal of this thesis was to study (i) the influence of different socio-emotional contexts on decision-making under risk, in children, adolescents and adults and (ii) the developmental dynamics of the Types 1 (heuristic) and 2 (analytic) of reasoning within the framework of the Dual Process theories, and their articulation with the Prospect Theory. According to us, a better articulation between these two theories could account more efficiently of the influence of emotions on reward and punishment sensitivity in decision-making. Therefore, we first examined the influence of an incidental emotional context on the framing effect - a classical bias in decision-making - on adult participants. We started by studying the influence of the valence of the emotions (positive or negative) and then the influence of different specific emotions (anger and fear) on this bias. Our results revealed that the participants were no longer affected by the framing effect following an exposure to a positive emotional context, due to a decrease of risk aversion in the loss frame. The two negative emotions we considered had opposite effects on risk taking: fear tended to increase risk taking, whereas anger tended to decrease it. In a follow-up study, we investigated the influence of incidental positive emotions on the framing effect during adolescence, a critical period for risk taking. In adolescents, the framing effect was modulated by the amount of the outcome at stake, and the emotional context had different impact on this bias depending of the amount of the outcome considered. Then, we examined the development of two integral (and counterfactual) emotions, regret and relief, and how these emotions affect our willingness to reconsider a choice. We elaborated a new gambling task and we manipulated the outcome obtained by the participants to induce regret or relief. This study provided evidence that the ability to experience regret and relief and the ability to take them into consideration continue to develop during late childhood and adolescence. We finally studied the development of social regret and relief from late childhood to adulthood, using a situation of social competition (playing against a playmate). This socio-emotional context seems to bias the rational evaluation of regret and relief in adolescence, as some situations are evaluated as more desirable, as compared to the same situations in a context of individual game. These results are discussed in light of the Prospect theory, as reward and punishment sensitivity seems to be differently modulated by socio-emotional context, at each developmental stage.

No description available.

This study aims to examine and highlight the use of aesthetic learning processes as tools in education at Waldorf schools. It focuses on how teachers implement aesthetic learning processes in their instruction and the effects the teachers believe these processes have on students understanding and development. The background presents the key concepts of the study: aesthetic learning processes, aesthetics, art education, learning and development within schools, Lgr22 (the Swedish national curriculum), Waldorf pedagogy, and En väg till frihet (a Waldorf curriculum resource).Based on John Deweys pragmatic ideas of learning and aesthetics, along with David Kolb's theories of knowledge and learning styles, the study examines how teachers utilize aesthetic learning processes and identifies associated challenges and opportunities. The research use a qualitative text analysis of two curriculums and interview with two teachers as combined methods. The result reveals that integrating aesthetic learning processes makes instruction more meaningful for students, helping them acquire subject knowledge and understand themselves and the world. By utilizing different learning styles and integrating various subjects, a holistic learning experience is created. By examining the integration of aesthetic learning processes, this study adds to our understanding of how these processes can make education more meaningful for students and teachers. This research expands our knowledge of the implementation and impact of aesthetic learning processes in Waldorf education, offering valuable insights for educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers seeking to enhance teaching and learning practices.

The present study investigated the impact of a multicultural self-awareness personal growth group on counselor education students (n = 94) and group leaders (n = 10) and their ethnic identity development scores, social-cognitive maturity levels, and presence of group therapeutic factors. Findings from the study identified no statistically significant differences in ethnic identity development and social-cognitive maturity scores between treatment group and comparison group participants, or as a result of multiple measurements throughout the semester. However, a statistically significant effect was identified for time (pre-test, M = 91.94, SD = 5.33; mid-semester, M = 90.32, SD = 6.43; post-test, M = 91.18, SD = 6.36) on social-cognitive maturity TPR scores for treatment group participants, Wilk’s Lambda = .90, F (2, 63) = 3.39, p = .04, η² = .10. In addition, positive correlations were identified between ethnic identity development scores and group therapeutic factors in students participating in the multicultural personal growth groups: (a) Instillation of Hope, n = 63, r = .43, p = .00 (18.5% of the variance explained); (b) Secure Emotional Expression, n = 63, r = .39, p = .00 (15.2% of the variance explained); (c) Awareness of Relational Impact, n = 63, r = .47, p = .00 (22.1% of the variance explained); and (d) Social Learning, n = 63, r = .46, p = .00 (21.2% of the variance explained. Furthermore, a discussion of implications for counselor education and the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) with graduate students are included. Keywords: counselor education and development, multicultural counseling and development, scholarship for teaching and learning, social-cognitive development, therapeutic group factors

This research focuses on technology (specifically video games and interactive software games) and their effects on the cognitive development of children ages 4-8. The research will be conducted as a meta-analysis combining research and theory in order to determine if the educational approach to this age group needs to change/adapt to learners who have been affected by this technology. I will focus upon both the physical and mental aspects of their development and present a comprehensive review of current educational theory and practice. By examining current curriculum goals and cross-referencing them to research conducted in fields other than education (i.e. technology, child development, media literacy, etc.) I hope to demonstrate a need for change; and, at the end of my research, be able to make recommendations for curriculum adaptations that will work within the current educational structure. These recommendations will be made with respect to budget and time constraints.

No description available.