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In his short essay about Chopin (1945), Pasternak poses the question:What does realism in music mean?The answer to this question is far from obvious. And certainly the answer given byPasternak, in which he points to Chopin, together with Bach, as one of the great realistsin music; realist, that is, in the same meaning of the word as was Lev Tolstoj  - this answer can of course be disputed. But perhaps even more interesting than theanswer is the question, what it was in Chopin's music that for Pasternak made it into analmost paradigmatic example of realism, not only in music, but in art in general?To try to get an understanding of the possible motives behind such a view, we need totake a closer look at the biography of Boris Pasternak, the development of his views ofart and music in particular, his philosophical view of reality (the possible lastinginfluence from Hermann Cohen and the Marburg school), his idea of realism in generaland his relationship to the ruling idea of socialist realism. In particular, analyzingPasternak's view of realism, as it is expressed in Lejtenant Shmidt (1927), and theviews expounded in Shopen (1945) we will try to discern the development - if any -that has taken place in the 18 years that separate these two works. Other works byPasternak that are central to getting closer to understand his views on realism are Neskol'ko polozhenij (1922), Okhrannaja gramota (1931), which is a kind ofminiature autobiography, as is also Ljudi i polozhenija (1956), equally important.

<p> My thesis investigates and evaluates Hermann Cohen's interest in and critiques of Protestant biblical criticism. In this thesis, I argue that Cohen's interest in Protestant biblical criticism stems from his quest to rejuvenate Jewish learning, foster relations between Jewish and Christian scholars and develop a philosophically sophisticated method for the study of the Hebrew Bible. To argue this point, I look at Cohen's philosophical construction of concepts such as monotheism, messianism and social justice, his methodology for the study of texts, his philosophical conception of "Jewish sources", and how this conception reflects contemporary interactions and tensions in Germany between scholarly biblical criticism, Jewish intellectual culture, and antisemitism. In doing so, I also examine how Cohen's complicated relationship with Protestant biblical criticism can be seen as part of Cohen's attempts to balance the assumptions he shared with Protestant biblical scholars, such as Julius Wellhausen, with his polemical response to Protestant biases in the work of other biblical scholars, such as Rudolf Kittel. This thesis, then, looks at both Cohen's implicit and explicit critiques of Protestant biblical scholarship in several of his "Jewish Writings" and in his Religion of Reason Out of the Sources of Judaism, and investigates how Cohen's interactions with Protestant biblical criticism influenced his own methodology for the study of Judaism and the Hebrew Bible. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

I argue that welfare considerations should play an important role in egalitarian thought. Ronald Dworkin, in contrast, has argued that welfare should play no role in a principle of equality of distribution. I explore his discussion of this issue, finding that many of his arguments presuppose the truth of his alternative account, which focuses on resources rather than welfare. His remaining arguments rely on the counter-intuitive nature of compensating for expensive tastes. I argue that if we examine this case more carefully, it is not as counter-intuitive as it first appears. Having replied to his objections to the welfare account, I turn to his positive argument for the principle of equality of resources, namely, that it is the only principle which respects the equal worth of persons. I explore several examples to demonstrate that pure welfare deficiencies merit compensation. These examples suggest, I argue, that respecting the equal worth of persons requires us to consider welfare in a principle of equality of distribution. Finally, I argue that if we should compensate for welfare deficiencies, we should also compensate for expensive tastes; indeed, considerations of equal worth require this compensation. / Master of Arts

Victimization and hate crimes are becoming more prominent on America's college campuses. Indeed, nearly 20,000 crimes of violence, and over 600 hate crimes, occurred on and around university campuses in 2003 (Department of Education 2004). Given its inverse relationship to crime at the aggregate level, (Sampson et al 1997), one possible means of reversing this trend would be to increase levels of collective efficacy across U.S. campuses. The purpose of this research is to determine if an individual's tolerance of diversity is related to their willingness to intervene in criminal or potentially criminal situations. That is, is tolerance of diversity related to collective efficacy at Virginia Tech? The research on collective efficacy is based on neighborhood level variables. This research, conducted in the "neighborhood" of Virginia Tech, focuses on collective efficacy and tolerance of diversity at the individual level. This research is unique in that it fills gaps in existing literature; to date, no research has analyzed the potential causes of collective efficacy at the individual level. Participants in this study will be asked to complete a survey regarding issues of diversity, tolerance and integration, and sense of belonging to community. The results will then be analyzed in order to gain some insight into this phenomenon. The main questions that will be explored in this research are: Does an individual's sense of belonging to his or her community and tolerance of diversity lead to their willingness to intervene if they see someone doing something wrong? That is, is sense of belonging to community and tolerance of diversity related to collective efficacy? Routine Activities Theory and studies of Collective Efficacy will be used to explore these questions. / Master of Science

Dans cette thèse on s'attache à étudier les crochets de Rankin-Cohen et les déformations correspondantes selon de différents points de vue. On présente d'un côté une nouvelle interprétation des déformations de Rankin-Cohen via la théorie de "Quantification par Deformations de Fedosov(en collaboration avec P. Bieliavsky et X. Tang). On parvient notamment à redémontrer un théorème de Connes-Moscovici sur la déformation formelle des algèbres sous l'action d'une algèbre de Hopf H1 munie d'une structure projective. De l'autre cote on donne dans Chapitre III une interprétation détaillée des crochets de Rankin-Cohen via la théorie de représentations unitaires de SL2(R) et en utilisant cette interprétation on étudie certaines propriétés des produits déformés, notamment l'unicité des produits construits par Cohen-Manin-Zagier et une propriété de séparation du produit d'Eholzer. Dans le dernier chapitre on donne une démonstration élémentaire de l'identité combinatoire qui est cruciale pour démontrer l'associativité dans l'approche de la question de déformations par Cohen-Manin-Zagier, Eholzer, et Connes-Moscovici.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T11:46:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 865721 bytes, checksum: 3cb3fb14f515822a2db03f7945b5427a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work presents a study of Cohen strongly summing operators under the viewpoint of the theory of multilinear operators ideals and polynomial ideals. Furthermore, we introduce two new classes that generalize the concept of multilinear operators and polynomials of this nature, namely multiple Cohen strongly summing operators and Cohen strongly summing operators at a given point. We show that the new classes defined, as well as the previous classes, form normed ideals of operators/polynomials and that the class of multiple Cohen strongly summing operators forms a Banach ideal. We also show that the construction of the class of multiple Cohen strongly summing operators provides a holomorphy type and a coherent and compatible sequence of ideals. / Neste trabalho apresentamos um estudo dos operadores Cohen fortemente somantes sob o ponto de vista da teoria de ideais de operadores e polinômios. Além disso, introduzimos duas novas classes de operadores que generalizam o conceito de operadores multilineares e polinômios desta natureza, a saber, os operadores múltiplo Cohen fortemente somantes e os operadores Cohen fortemente somantes num dado ponto. Mostramos que as novas classes definidas, como as anteriores, formam ideais normados de operadores/polinômios e que os operadores múltiplo Cohen fortemente somantes formam um ideal de Banach. Também mostramos que a construção da classe dos operadores múltiplo Cohen fortemente somantes fornece um tipo de holomorfia e uma sequência coerente e compatível de ideais.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude combinatoire, algébrique et homologique des hyperarbres et des partitions semi-pointées. Nous étudions plus précisément des structures algébriques et homologiques construites à partir des hyperarbres, puis des partitions semi-pointées.Après un bref rappel des notions utilisées, nous utilisons la théorie des espèces de structure afin de déterminer l’action du groupe symétrique sur l’homologie du poset des hyperarbres. Cette action s’identifie à l’action du groupe symétrique liée à la structure anti-cyclique de l’opérade PreLie. Nous raffinons ensuite nos calculs sur une graduation de l’homologie, appelée homologie de Whitney. Cette étude motive l'introduction de la notion d’hyperarbre aux arêtes décorées par une espèce. Une bijection des hyperarbres décorés avec des arbres en boîtes et des partitions décorées permet d’obtenir une formule close pour leur cardinal, à l’aide d’un codage de Prüfer. Nous adaptons ensuite les méthodes de calcul de caractères sur les algèbres de Hopf d’incidence, introduites par W. Schmitt dans le cas de familles de posets bornés, à des familles de posets non bornés vérifiant certaines propriétés. Nous appliquons ensuite cette adaptation aux posets des hyperarbres. Enfin, au cours de notre étude une généralisation des posets des partitions et des posets des partitions pointées apparaît : les poset des partitions semi-pointées. Nous montrons que ces posets sont aussi Cohen-Macaulay, avant de déterminer à l’aide de la théorie des espèces une formule close pour la dimension de l’unique groupe d’homologie non trivial de ces posets / This thesis is dedicated to the combinatorial, algebraic and homological study of hypertrees and semi-pointed partitions. More precisely, we study algebraic and homological structures built from hypertrees and semi-pointed partitions. After recalling briefly the notions needed, we use the theory of species of structures to compute the action of the symmetric group on the homology of the hypertree posets. This action is the same as the action of the symmetric group linked with the anticyclic structure of the PreLie operad. We refine our computations on a grading of the homology : Whitney homology. This study is a motivation for the introduction of the notion of edge-decorated hypertrees. A one-to-one correspondence of decorated hypertrees with box trees and decorated partitions enables us to compute a close formula for the cardinality of decorated hypertrees, thanks to a Prüfer code. Moreover, we adapt computation methods of characters on incidence Hopf algebras, introduced by W. Schmitt for families of bounded posets, to families of unbounded posets satisfying some additional properties, called triangle and diamond posets. We apply these results to the hypertree posets. Finally, we unveil a new family of posets : the semi-pointed partition posets, which generalize both partition posets and pointed partition posets. We show the Cohen-Macaulayness of these posets and obtain, thanks to species theory, a closed formula for the dimension of its unique homology group, which extend the ones established for partition posets and pointed partition posets

Les modèles développés afin de prédire le comportement des Alliages à Mémoire de Forme (AMF) sont généralement basés sur une description phénoménologique simplifiée de l’activation des variantes de martensite sous chargement thermomécanique. Cette étude a pour objectif de modéliser et de caractériser par nanoindentation la formation discrète des plaquettes de martensite à l’échelle nanométrique. Un nouveau critère, nommé critère de Patel-Cohen d’indentation, est proposé afin de décrire l’activation de la première variante de martensite sous l’indent et sa transformation inverse. L’évidence de transformation martensitique est observée sur les courbes d’indentation par l’apparition successive d’évènements de type « pop in » et « pop out » lors, respectivement, de la charge et de la décharge. Cela met en évidence la discontinuité spatio-temporelle de l’activation et de la propagation de la transformation martensitique à l’échelle nanométrique. L’émission de dislocations dans le nickel pur a été étudiée en tout premier lieu afin de valider et la procédure de nanoindentation utilisant un indent Berkovich et le calcul des facteurs de Schmid d’indentation décrivant l’activation de « pop ins » correspondant à l’activation et à la propagation de dislocations. Un bon accord est trouvé entre les essais réalisés sur un AMF CuAlBe superélastique et la dépendance théorique à l’orientation cristallographique des charges de « pop-ins » et de « pop outs » prédite par le critère de Patel-Cohen d’indentation introduit dans cette étude / Constitutive models developed to predict Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) behavior are often based on a simplified phenomenological description of martensite variant activation under thermomechanical loading at the micro scale. This study aims at modeling and characterizing by nanoindentation the discrete variant activation events at the nano scale. A new criterion is proposed to describe the first martensite variant activation beneath the indenter. Evidence of discrete martensitic transformation is observed during nanoindentation by the successive occurrences of pop-in and pop-out load events on the force versus displacement curve during respectively loading and unloading. Thus, the spatial-temporal discontinuity of phase transformation activation and propagation is highlighted at the nano scale with the introduction of an indentation Patel-Cohen factor for both forward austenite-martensite and reverse phase transformations. Dislocation emission in pure nickel is first studied to validate both the nanoindentation testing procedure using a Berkovich indenter and the calculations of indentation Schmid factors to describe excursion bursts corresponding to dislocation activation and propagation. Good agreement is found between nanoindentation tests performed on a superelastic CuAlBe SMA and theoretical crystallographic dependence of pop-in and pop-out loads predicted by the new introduced indentation Patel and Cohen factor

Submitted by Fabrício Rissão Mattos (farissao@gmail.com) on 2018-10-02T19:09:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação pronta.pdf: 1097649 bytes, checksum: 443e2ed81081a595f708a0c46d351f7c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-10-02T19:18:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mattos_fr_me_sjrp.pdf: 1097649 bytes, checksum: 443e2ed81081a595f708a0c46d351f7c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-02T19:18:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mattos_fr_me_sjrp.pdf: 1097649 bytes, checksum: 443e2ed81081a595f708a0c46d351f7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Neste trabalho definimos o polinômio de Hilbert-Samuel cuja descrição desse polinômio aparecem o foco principal do nosso estudo os coeficientes normalizados de Hilbert. A princípio vamos estudar, sobre determinadas condições iniciais, os sinais dos coeficientes que denotaremos por e0(q,M), e1(q,M) e e2(q,M). Teremos ao final desse trabalho, em formato de comentário, uma condição necessária e suficiente para que todos os coeficientes normalizados de Hilbert sejam nulos. / In this work we define the Hilbert-Samuel polynomial whose description of this polynomial appear the main focus of our study the normalized Hilbert coefficients. At first, we will study, on certain initial conditions, the signals of the coefficients that we denoteby e1(q,M) e e2(q,M). Wewillhaveattheendofthiswork,inacommentformat, a necessary and sufficient condition so that all normalized Hilbert coefficients are null. / 132997/2016-9