Masters of Commerce / After Independence in Africa, vast institutions were established in order to deal with the legacy of colonialism and to encourage development in the continent. Decades later, some of these institutions are said to be ineffective due to a number of constraints – one of which is the colonial legacy which has rendered them almost dysfunctional. This study assesses the impacts of colonialism on these African institutions and uses the Pan-African Parliament (PAP) as a case study. Guided by Post-colonial theory and Institutional theory, and using Content Analysis (CA) as a tool for data analysis, this study has found that African institutions are operating under the influence of ex-colonial countries. This is evidenced by how these institutions are using European languages as their medium of communication and receive more than half of their funds from international bodies which then control their operations. This contributes to their inability to make decisions due to conflicting interests within the representatives and member states. Based on these findings, this study concludes that the colonial legacy plays a major role in delaying the development of African institutions. Therefore, this study provides recommendations or a way forward by arguing that these institutions which include the AU should tie/tighten the knots on their programmes such as the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) so as to strengthen democracy within member states. They should revive or reconsider constitutions that focus on the penalties for member states that do not pay their membership contribution as agreed and on those member states that fail to obey agreed to protocols. Lastly, this study recommends that fund-raising programmes should be established in selected member states so as to prevent financial dependency on international bodies that weaken African institutions.

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / After Independence in Africa, vast institutions were established in order to deal with the legacy of colonialism and to encourage development in the continent. Decades later, some of these institutions are said to be ineffective due to a number of constraints – one of which is the colonial legacy which has rendered them almost dysfunctional. This study assesses the impacts of colonialism on these African institutions and uses the Pan-African Parliament (PAP) as a case study. Guided by Post-colonial theory and Institutional theory, and using Content Analysis (CA) as a tool for data analysis, this study has found that African institutions are operating under the influence of ex-colonial countries. This is evidenced by how these institutions are using European languages as their medium of communication and receive more than half of their funds from international bodies which then control their operations. This contributes to their inability to make decisions due to conflicting interests within the representatives and member states.

Vicente do Salvador's well-known chronicle História do Brasil has often been studied as a source for Portuguese struggle to maintain the possession of Brazil in the 16th and early 17th century. This thesis, however, uses the chronicle to describe and analyze means of construction of the "Indians", indigenous stereotypes and therefore particular Portuguese identity as understood by a Franciscan author. In its core lies question of the designed and imagined contrasts between the white, Portuguese religious friar and a dark-skinned, pagan and barbarous heathen as formulated in the terms of a concrete 17th century perspective but provided with comparative context. Understood in the terms of historical anthropology research, História do Brasil needs to be recognized as a principal Franciscan source that could potentially counter overall dependence on the Jesuit literature to study colonial Brazil. Keywords Brazil. Colonialism. Franciscans. Identity. Otherness.

The American plantation system, far from an idiosyncrasy of the southern United States, was a transnational formation that spread across the US South, the Caribbean, and parts of Latin America, forming a cross-border cultural sphere often called “Plantation America.” How have US and Caribbean writers understood the United States’ relationship to this broader landscape through its most alienated region, the South? And how did the South’s ties to the plantation zone impact how writers imagined the United States as an emerging global empire in the twentieth century? “Plantation America: The US South and the Caribbean in the Literary Culture of Empire, 1898-1959,” explores works by white American, African American, and Black Caribbean writers produced during a period of heightened US colonial intervention in the Americas, from the Spanish-American War of 1898, to the Cuban Revolution of 1959. It contributes to recent US-based scholarship on the plantation origins of Western modernity and draws on an older Black and Caribbean critical discourse on the plantation as a prototypically modern institution. Building on this scholarship, this project demonstrates that US expansion southward prompted writers to reckon with the South’s highly ambivalent relationship with Plantation America, and that doing so served as a fault line for deeply held anxieties over the modern United States’ indebtedness to the plantation complex and its creolized cultural legacies. Its chapters thus show how US empire provoked modern writers to respond to the plantation as a driver of racial capitalism and industrialized labor systems, a blueprint for modern empires, a key site for the emergence and repression of cross-culturality, and a root source for traumatic forms of psychic and spiritual alienation associated with modern subjecthood. Through the lens of Caribbean critical theory, including work by Édouard Glissant, Fernando Ortiz, and C. L. R. James, I examine Richard Wright’s postplantation perspective in his little studied Haitian manuscript, transculturation in Ernest Hemingway’s Key West and Cuban works, the modern plantation empire in stories of the Panama Canal Zone by the Caribbean-born writer Eric Walrond, and William Faulkner’s transnational plantation economy in The Sound and the Fury and As I Lay Dying.

Magister Commercii - MCom / The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 marked the first step towards the partition of Africa. After this date, Europeans began to colonize the continent. Colonialism was an economic enterprise which was meant to boost the economy of the colonizers. Both South Africa and Southern Rhodesia (today known as Zimbabwe) were colonised by the British. This study examines the legacy of colonialism in these two countries. It looks at the impact of colonialism on how liberation movements such as the African National Congress (ANC) and the Zimbabwean African National Union- Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) have led their respective countries since independence. The specific purpose of this comparative study is to examine the causal factors that have contributed to the failures of African liberation movements in terms leadership and governance since independence.

This thesis examines classification in relation to colonialism and cultural imbalances. The Svalbard Global Seed Vault is a facility located in Longyearbyen in Norway and houses seeds from most of the countries in the world. The Seed Vault is used in this study as a focal point around which questions of classification and global hierarchies are posed. The thesis entails a section that examines classification and colonialism from a historical point of view. The concept of documentality is also problematised in relation to The Seed Vault and its contents, and some examples of libraries that house similar entities are juxtaposed with the Seed Vault. The thesis uses discourse analysis as derived from Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben in order to examine the contents of the official website of the Seed Vault, which is issued by the Norwegian Government. An initial examination of the texts in relation to concepts developed by Foucault and Agamben led to three overriding themes which divides the analytical part of the thesis into three sections: Governmentality Through Security and Facilitation, The Other and Biopolitics and Safeguarding Seeds. The Seed Portal, which is the cataloguing system for the Vault, is examined in relation to a few of the crops stored (as seeds), but mainly the Linnaean classification system is discussed in regards to the themes of the study. The concepts of zoe and bios, which is bare and politicised life respectively, is applied as a possible method of understanding the seeds or plants in relation to classification.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / From 1907 to 1909, the Austrian anthropologist, Dr Rudolf Pöch (1870-1921), conducted an expedition in southern Africa that was financed by the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna. Pöch enjoyed administrative and logistical support from Austria-Hungary as well as the respective colonial governments and local authorities in the southern African region. During this expedition, he appropriated the bodily remains of more than one hundred people and shipped them to Vienna. When Pöch started teaching anthropology and ethnography in 1910, the remains became an essential part of the first ‘anthropological teaching and research collection’ at the University of Vienna.

In 2018-2019, 35.5% of people with a Dangerous Offender designation were Indigenous (Public Safety Canada, 2020, p. 117). While the disproportionate number of Indigenous people with the designation corresponds to the broader trend of overincarceration of Indigenous people in Canada, very little research has addressed the use of the designation on Indigenous people. This thesis provides a critical discourse analysis of 15 case law reports of Dangerous Offender designation hearings guided by settler colonial theory to examine why the designation disproportionately targets Indigenous people. I specifically examine the ways in which discourse enables the erasure of settler colonialism, and at time Indigeneity, in the decision-making process of Dangerous Offender designation hearings. The analysis found that the juridical framework for the application of the Dangerous Offender designation does not allow the courts to consider the impacts of settler colonialism at the designation stage. As such, the social locations of the individuals that demonstrate how settler colonialism may have contributed to their offending are not discussed in the decision-making process thereby creating a form of erasure of settler colonialism in the designation process. Additionally, the juridical framework gives psych experts much authority in the decision-making process. Thus, risk discourse dominates much of the case law reports and the impacts of settler colonialism as thereby translated in individual risk factors. Many of the risk factors that justify the application of the designation are in fact symptoms of settler colonialism. In sum, I conclude that the juridical framework of the Dangerous Offender designation is designed in a way that contributes to disproportionately targeting Indigenous people because their unique experience of settler colonialism and the role in played in their offending is erased or translated in risk which makes them more of a target.

Colonialism is a word coated with history of trauma, opression and self-governance, something most people only apply to the past. However, most people do not realize that colonialism is still alive within our modern community and all the different levels of it. This essay is a analysis if colonialism exists within the swedish archival world in the context of the indigenous people of Sweden: the Sámi. The essay shall discuss how colonialism has affected Swedish archival ways of working in regard to Sámi issues and documenation, but also how colonialism affects todays archival work and the discussion around who should manage the historical items and documets that have been stolen from the Sámi people by Sweden. As the Sámi people live in four different countries, it’s needed to point out that this essay will be focusing on the Swedish side of Sápmi, as the situation in Finland, Norway and Russia are entierly different in regard to politics and, archival practices, yet some of the discussion will be around the Norwegian work with Sámi archives and discussing how it might be applicable to Sweden. As I am part of the Sámi and indingenous community this essay will be using a indingenous perspective of colonalism and the process of decolonisation and the affect it has on our communities, not only does it affect Sweden but globally and why indigenous people are working towards de-colonizing it even if it goes against typical archival practices. As i have the knowledge in both perspectives I will discuss why this is such a complex subject and how the process of de-colonization of swedish archives looks from the Swedish and archival perspective and the Sámi indigenous.

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