The master thesis analyzes the brand Maybelline New York. Maybelline belongs to the mass market division of the multinational cosmetics company L'Oréal. It offers products of colour cosmetics in four main segments: eyes, face, lips and nails. The thesis is divided into three main parts. The first part is theoretical and it is actually the basis for next sections. The second part introduces the brand Maybelline, describes its identity, position on the Czech market, competition and marketing mix. There is also mentioned the new sub-brand MNY. The last part is dedicated to the research of secondary and primary data, interpretation of its results and suggestions for improvement.

Nos dias atuais, os pacientes tem uma grande preocupação com a estética dos dentes. Alterações de posicionamento é um exemplo de problema que o paciente tem interesse em resolver com o tratamento ortodôntico. No entanto, o próprio tratamento ortodôntico tem como característica o uso de acessórios que podem facilitar o acúmulo de resíduos alimentares e dificultar a higienização. Facilitando o desenvolvimento de lesões cariosas. Este estudo in vitro se propôs a avaliar o efeito do mascaramento de tecido dental desmineralizado quando restaurado com a resina infiltrante. Vinte superfícies vestibulares obtidas através de incisivos bovinos tiveram suas superfícies planificadas. Cada espécime foi individualizado de modo que toda leitura para recolhimento de dados fosse feita na mesma superfície. Os espécimes foram submetidos a análise por espectrofotômetro, para obtenção de coordenadas de cor, e a análise da perda mineral, através de quantificação de fluorescência induzida por luz (QLF), sendo que essas análises foram feitas nos tempos: inicial, pós ciclagem de pH, após restauração com a resina infiltrante e após hidratação da resina infiltrante. A análise inicial foi feita de modo a ser obtido o valores iniciais de cor e de conteúdo mineral dos espécimes. Após a leitura inicial, os espécimes foram submetidos a ciclagem de pH durante 16 dias, permanecendo diariamente em soluções desmineralizadora e remineralizadora por 6horas e 18 horas respectivamente. Após o desafio ácido, os espécimes foram avaliados, sendo este o tempo denominado Inicial. Em seguida os espécimes foram restaurados utilizando a resina infiltrante seguidos de nova avaliação, sendo este tempo denominado Icon. Os espécimes permaneceram em água destilada para hidratação da resina e submetidos a nova avaliação, sendo este tempo denominado Hidratado. Pode-se concluir que a variação total de cor (E), é perceptível ao observador comum, quando comparado à cor inicial com a cor após a restauração. Enquanto que a análise feita pelo QLF, a perda mineral não foi detectada após a hidratação da resina infiltrante. / In the present days, patients have a major concern with the aesthetics of teeth. Changes positioning is an example of a problem that the patient is interested in resolve with orthodontic treatment. However, the actual orthodontic treatment is characterized by the use of accessories that can facilitate the accumulation of food residues and hinders hygiene. This facilitates the development of caries lesions. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of masking demineralized dental tissue when restored with the infiltrant resin. Twenty buccal surfaces obtained from bovine incisors had planned their surfaces. Each specimen was individualized so that the entire data for analysis was done on the same surface. The specimens were analyzed by spectrophotometer for obtaining color coordinates, and the analysis of mineral loss through quantification of light-induced fluorescence (QLF), and these analyzes were made at times: initial pH cycling post, after restoration with resin infiltrating and. The specimens were analyzed by spectrophotometer for obtaining color coordinates, and the analysis of mineral loss through quantification of light-induced fluorescence (QLF), and these analyzes were made at times: initial pH cycling post, after restoration with resin infiltrating and infiltrating resin after hydration. The initial analysis was made in order to obtain the initial values of color and mineral content of the specimens.. After the initial reading, the specimens were subjected to pH cycling for 16 days, daily remaining in demineralizing and remineralizing solution for 6 hours and 18 hours respectively. After the acid challenge, the specimens were evaluated, this time called Inicial. Then the specimens were restored using resin infiltration followed new analysis, this time being named Icon. The specimens remained in distilled water for hydratation of the resin and subjected to new analysis, this time being called Hidratado. It can be concluded, that the total variation of color (E) is perceptible to the casual observer, when compared to the initial color with the color after restoration. While the analysis by QLF, the mineral loss was not detected after hydratation of resin infiltration.

It all started with a thought of one single colour; the colour red. The idea of building a collection from one colour was frighten- ing and intriguing at the same time. It was frightening because I didn’t know if it was enough to build a whole collection on only one colour, but the possibility to find other expressions arouse my curiosity. But why red? I find that this colour, of all colours, has the deepest range of shades. With red ink and my fingers as tools I created an ab- stract sketch to refer to. When the differ- ent shades come together it creates a great vivid expression of the whole picture. I am not interested in one shade alone, it is the interaction between two or more which are interesting. / Program: Modedesignutbildningen

This research explores the concept of mimicking structural colour in nature as an alternative to traditional textile coloration techniques. In particular, the research focuses on certain species of buttery and beetle. Structural colours originate from the physical interaction of light with nanoscale structures. Firstly, this study explores the use of thin, multilayer films to aid designing and producing bi-component interference fibres, exhibiting structural colour similar to that of the Morpho buttery. In the textiles industry, a bicomponent fibre called the Morphotex® fibre has been produced. This fibre replicates the structure observed on the surface of the wings of the Morpho buttery, responsible for achieving the distinctive iridescent blue. The project aims to replicate and extend on previously implemented biomimetic structures on textiles. Secondly, this project investigates ways in which Cholesteric Liquid Crystals(CLC) can be printed onto a range of textile substrates using k-bar coating and inkjet printing methods, to exhibit structural colour similar to that of the Chrysina Gloriosa beetle. CLCs produce a wide colour gamut and provide angular colour effects that would be a welcome addition to the 'toolbox' of a textile designer. In this study, solvent based ink formulations containing CLCs are applied to pre-treated textile substrates, using a piezoelectric inkjet printer. Different ink formulations, with varying concentrations of nematic liquid crystal and chiral dopant, are investigated to create a range of coloured films. This research determines whether fibre content, fabric structure, thread density, film thickness and surface treatments have an impact on the colour perceived by the observer.

This work explores how colour and light can be used as the prime design materials. They are investigated in unison in relation to spatiality. Colour is a way for us to understand and identify what we see, it is primary for how we interpret our surroundings. The aim is to explore colour, light and reflections, by the means of printing and dyeing of translucent materials, as an attempt to challenge the visual perception of the spectator and the experience of how spatiality is perceived. The project investigates how the boundaries of a textile can be questioned, for example where does a pattern begin and end? Does it only belong to the textile or can it transcend to it’s surroundings? The investigational process is experimental and explores combinations of colour and light in translucent materials, coloured through the techniques of heat transfer printing and dyeing. Swatches made are analysed in relation to each other and to light, with a focus on their visual performance. The final design examples discusses the idea of how textile, light and colour can be used to create, define and illuminate spatiality.

Nos dias atuais, os pacientes tem uma grande preocupação com a estética dos dentes. Alterações de posicionamento é um exemplo de problema que o paciente tem interesse em resolver com o tratamento ortodôntico. No entanto, o próprio tratamento ortodôntico tem como característica o uso de acessórios que podem facilitar o acúmulo de resíduos alimentares e dificultar a higienização. Facilitando o desenvolvimento de lesões cariosas. Este estudo in vitro se propôs a avaliar o efeito do mascaramento de tecido dental desmineralizado quando restaurado com a resina infiltrante. Vinte superfícies vestibulares obtidas através de incisivos bovinos tiveram suas superfícies planificadas. Cada espécime foi individualizado de modo que toda leitura para recolhimento de dados fosse feita na mesma superfície. Os espécimes foram submetidos a análise por espectrofotômetro, para obtenção de coordenadas de cor, e a análise da perda mineral, através de quantificação de fluorescência induzida por luz (QLF), sendo que essas análises foram feitas nos tempos: inicial, pós ciclagem de pH, após restauração com a resina infiltrante e após hidratação da resina infiltrante. A análise inicial foi feita de modo a ser obtido o valores iniciais de cor e de conteúdo mineral dos espécimes. Após a leitura inicial, os espécimes foram submetidos a ciclagem de pH durante 16 dias, permanecendo diariamente em soluções desmineralizadora e remineralizadora por 6horas e 18 horas respectivamente. Após o desafio ácido, os espécimes foram avaliados, sendo este o tempo denominado Inicial. Em seguida os espécimes foram restaurados utilizando a resina infiltrante seguidos de nova avaliação, sendo este tempo denominado Icon. Os espécimes permaneceram em água destilada para hidratação da resina e submetidos a nova avaliação, sendo este tempo denominado Hidratado. Pode-se concluir que a variação total de cor (E), é perceptível ao observador comum, quando comparado à cor inicial com a cor após a restauração. Enquanto que a análise feita pelo QLF, a perda mineral não foi detectada após a hidratação da resina infiltrante. / In the present days, patients have a major concern with the aesthetics of teeth. Changes positioning is an example of a problem that the patient is interested in resolve with orthodontic treatment. However, the actual orthodontic treatment is characterized by the use of accessories that can facilitate the accumulation of food residues and hinders hygiene. This facilitates the development of caries lesions. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of masking demineralized dental tissue when restored with the infiltrant resin. Twenty buccal surfaces obtained from bovine incisors had planned their surfaces. Each specimen was individualized so that the entire data for analysis was done on the same surface. The specimens were analyzed by spectrophotometer for obtaining color coordinates, and the analysis of mineral loss through quantification of light-induced fluorescence (QLF), and these analyzes were made at times: initial pH cycling post, after restoration with resin infiltrating and. The specimens were analyzed by spectrophotometer for obtaining color coordinates, and the analysis of mineral loss through quantification of light-induced fluorescence (QLF), and these analyzes were made at times: initial pH cycling post, after restoration with resin infiltrating and infiltrating resin after hydration. The initial analysis was made in order to obtain the initial values of color and mineral content of the specimens.. After the initial reading, the specimens were subjected to pH cycling for 16 days, daily remaining in demineralizing and remineralizing solution for 6 hours and 18 hours respectively. After the acid challenge, the specimens were evaluated, this time called Inicial. Then the specimens were restored using resin infiltration followed new analysis, this time being named Icon. The specimens remained in distilled water for hydratation of the resin and subjected to new analysis, this time being called Hidratado. It can be concluded, that the total variation of color (E) is perceptible to the casual observer, when compared to the initial color with the color after restoration. While the analysis by QLF, the mineral loss was not detected after hydratation of resin infiltration.

This thesis describes the process of creating an augmented reality mobile application which allows designers, architects and researchers to retrieve accurate colour information picked from the real-world environment. Specifically, the goal is not only to obtain colour coordinates for the area of interest but to find a set of matching colour samples in an extensive database of colour atlases provided with the application. To properly understand how the camera sensor perceives colour under current lighting conditions, it must be calibrated beforehand using a physical colour chart. Based on this calibration, we can estimate the picked colour coordinates in a standardised colour space. The mobility aspect is the main advantage of the resulting application. Instead of carrying multiple colour atlases, the user can estimate colour matching just using a mobile device and a portable colour chart.

Many of the colour images captured by different types of digital camera do not provide quality colour image according to human visual perception. In this study we explore technique for colour correction of the colour images from the Waikato Image Ranger. Colour images were captured using three different illuminants with the Waikato Image Ranger. The colour image formed from the ranger data do not have good quality because illuminants used do not match usual RGB standard illuminants. The spectral power distribution values of the illuminants were measured using spectroradiometer. To calculate tristimulus values the reflectance function of the scene is required. A mechanism of calculating the reflectance functions from the ranger data using genetic algorithm was explained. The reflectance functions are approximated using variable Gaussian basis functions, and fit to the ranger colour triplets by genetic algorithms. From the estimated reflectance functions standard CRT RGB values were calculated. It was found that the genetic algorithm approach was for too slow for practical purposes and produced images with far too much colour variation.

The green python Morelia viridis is a most striking animal. Individuals are born either brick red or bright yellow and both colours change to green as adults. These colours and the remarkable colour change have long made them of interest to biologists and in demand for the pet trade. Despite this interest nothing is known of their distribution, biology or ecology in the wild. Here I address this knowledge gap by presenting results from the first detailed study of the species, at Iron Range on eastern Cape York Peninsula, Australia.¶ Individual growth was described by the von Bertalanffy growth curve, with a maximum predicted size of 1.35 metres snout-vent length. Males matured at 2.4 years and females at 3.6 years, and growth was indeterminate after approximately 12 years. The colour change from yellow to green occurs at 55 centimetres, which corresponds to individuals approximately a year old. There was no sexual dimorphism in adults, however juvenile females had larger heads than juvenile males. Adult sized individuals comprised ~50% of the population.¶ Females had a home range of 6.2 ± 1.9 ha (mean ± SE), which was positively correlated with their snout-vent length. Males adopted a roaming strategy through suitable habitat while juveniles were restricted to areas where more light reached the ground. There was overlap between multiple female home ranges, and between female home ranges and the movement paths of males. There were no differences in the distances moved by males and females of any size, although the variation in movement distances was greater in the dry season than the wet season.¶ Green pythons are obligate ambush predators which eat a variety of prey. They show an ontogenetic shift from invertebrates and terrestrial, diurnal reptiles to birds and terrestrial, nocturnal mammals. This diet change is concurrent with a shift in the time of hunting, and the location and characteristics of ambush sites. Yellow individuals were usually found within ten metres of the ground, while green individuals used the full vegetation strata and were often found in the canopy.¶ The three colour morphs of the green python appear to be adaptive for camouflage rather than intraspecific communication, as conspicuousness of each morph was always greater to a predator than to that of a conspecific. Using advanced light analysis techniques I show that each colour morph is adaptive for camouflage from visually orientated avian predators under different environmental conditions. Yellow and red morphs are half as conspicuous as green individuals would be in locations near the ground where juveniles hunt during the day. Green was the least conspicuous morph in only the canopy, where it was half as conspicuous as either the red or yellow morph. In both leafy and non-leafy sub-canopy environments green individuals were more conspicuous than both yellow and red morphs. Red morphs were least conspicuous in only the non-leafy sub-canopy environment. The conspicuousness of green males decreased with age, but this was not the case with green females. Predation of plasticine models of the three colour morphs showed that red models were ten times more likely to be predated than either green or yellow morphs, however the model colours did not always match the real morph colours.¶ There is a large predicted global distribution in Papua New Guinea, including some offshore islands, however the Australian range is restricted to small areas of eastern Cape York Peninsula. In Australia green pythons occurred in nine regional ecosystems, with most records for the closed semi-deciduous mesophyll vine forest ecosystem. A mark-recapture study at Iron Range captured 101 individuals 147 times over two wet seasons, which equates to a population size of 227 ± 81 individuals in the study area of 51 hectares. Based on the known population structure at this site only 114 (or 50%) of these individuals are adult. Although green pythons have a high density at the one intensely studied site and are predicted to occur over a large geographic area, my data are insufficient to conclude that the species is not vulnerable.

Colour mixing is fundamental to learning to paint. Students in visual art classes in secondary schools face problems in manipulating paint and discriminating colour. The kinds of base paints to be presented to students could be an important factor in learning about colour relationships and pigments. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Year 7 students generating colour mixes with paint using a triad of magenta, cyan and yellow were able to mix and discriminate more colours than if they used a triad of red(scarlet red), blue (ultramarine light) and yellow (lemon yellow) which is a base triad commonly used in schools. The Weddell Colour Discrimination Test was developed for use in this study which was a test that involved colour mixing with paint. The study used quasi-experimental designs for both a pilot study and a main study. Results indicated a significant difference in the ability to mix paint advantage of groups that used cyan , magenta and yellow. Implications for the use of particular colour triads in art classrooms and methods of teaching colour theory have emerged from this study. The Weddell Colour Discrimination test instrument developed in this study could be useful as both a diagnostic tool and a teaching tool as well as a data gathering method for further research.