[Abstract]Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) for polyphenol oxidase and xanthophyll have a significant impact on variation in wheat flour for noodle colour and colour stability. QTLs from two Australian wheat cultivars, Sunco and Tasman, have been backcrossed into two Chinese wheat varieties, Chuanmai 22 and Mianyang 11, to assess marker predictability for these important traits in significantly different genetic backgrounds. The concept of Marker-Assisted-Selection (MAS) is being trialled in this study as a proposed method for wheat improvement. In this approach molecular markers are used in conjunction with backcross breeding methods to introgress specific characters into elite breeding materials, with the goal of improving the quality attributes of wheat for the Asian noodle market. After three single seed descent generations, the backcross populations generated allow four QTLs to be investigated. These include two for polyphenol oxidase (chromosome 2A and 2D) and two for xanthophyll (chromosome 3B and 7A). This research was successful in identifying microsatellite markers that are capable of predicting PPO activity levels and Xanthophyll content within the backcross populations. These microsatellites were validated as useful markers for these quality traits, as they have also found to be important in the Sunco x Tasman doubled haploid population. The combination of marker assisted selection and backcrossing has generated three lines that contain different combinations of the PPO activity and Xanthophyll content QTLs. These lines have been found to produce low levels of PPO activity and have a low Xanthophyll content. This improvement in flour colour and colour stability highlights the potential of marker assisted selection as a useful tool in wheat breeding.

The digital world is acquiring more space in today’s society. With this being said, it is important to keep the web content interpretable for everyone, despite any kind of disability. This study focuses on colour vision deficiency and how to implement a real-time colour correction instantly in the web browser, without any additional assistive technologies needed. Two almost identical webpages have been developed for this project, with the difference being that one is with a colour correction function and one without, who then are measured in page-loading time to see if there is any greater loss of performance when executing the colour conversion.

In the newspaper printing industry, offset is the dominating printing method and the use of multicolour printing has increased rapidly in newspapers during the last decade. The offset printing process relies on the assumption that an uniform film of ink of right thickness is transferred onto the printing areas. The quality of reproduction of colour images in offset printing is dependent on a number of parameters in a chain of steps and in the end it is the amount and the distribution of ink deposited on the substrate that create the sensation and thus the perceived colours. We identify three control points in the offset printing process and present methods for assessing the printing process quality in two of these points: • Methods for determining if the printing plates carry the correct image • Methods for determining the amount of ink deposited onto the newsprint A new concept of colour impression is introduced as a measure of the amount of ink deposited on the newsprint. Two factors contribute to values of the colour impression, the halftone dot-size and ink density. Colour impression values are determined on gray-bars using a CCD-camera based system. Colour impression values can also be determined in an area containing an arbitrary combination of cyan magenta and yellow inks. The correct amount of ink is known either from a reference print or from prepress information. Thus, the deviation of the amount of ink can be determined that can be used as control value by a press operator or as input to a control system. How a closed loop controller can be designed based on the colour impression values is also shown. It is demonstrated that the methods developed can be used for off-line print quality monitoring and ink feed control, or preferably in an online system in a newspaper printing press. / <p>Report code: LiU-TEK-LIC-2005:02</p>

The design of a website is important for the success of a company. Colours play an important part in websites. The goal of this thesis is to find out how the use of colour in websites relates to the quality of websites. Different aspects are studied. First it was found that the harmony of a colour palette only weakly correlates with the quality of a website. This correlation increases when only darker colour palettes are used. Next a method was proposed to extract the colour palette from a website. This novel method takes the saliency of the pixels in a website into account. Lastly, the palettes extracted using this method were utilized to propose a model to explain the relation between colour use and quality of websites. Sixty-one different features were tested using three different methods of feature selection. The accuracy achieved in the best model was low. Future work is suggested to improve on this, which should focus on identifying more relevant features and training the model using a better database.

There is an abundance of information available (from industry journals, company websites, and specialist trade fairs) relating to commercial digital textile printing. However, there is a scarcity of information regarding how digital textile printing is being used and taught, in undergraduate textile design degree programmes and how staff and students deal with colour accuracy issues. This research aims to explore and compare approaches to achieving colour accuracy in digital textile printing in industry and HE environments. The research findings are intended to provide useful information for educators involved with delivering digital textile printing in Higher Education (HE) to benefit the industry. Secondary research contextualises the study, with the history of printed textiles examined in order to place digital textile printing in context. The evolution of digital textile printing, colour communication and colour management in the digital textile printing process are also studied, as is the current status of digital textile printing in industry. A review of literature relating to learning and teaching styles presents aspects of pedagogy relating to the research aims and objectives. The primary research undertaken for the study was through interviews, visits and questionnaires. Questionnaires completed by educators at HE institutions that offer digital textile printing as part of their undergraduate textile design programmes were followed by visits to comparison institutions. The second stage of data collection consisted of individual and group interviews with educators and students from a BSc textile design programme. The individual and group interviews with educators and students led to the formulation of a questionnaire that was sent to industry professionals (including graduates of the BSc programme). For the final stage of the data collection, interviews were conducted with graduates from the BSc programme who were working with digital print. From the primary data collection the key aspects that require teaching for a good understanding of the design process for digital print were identified and rated with regard to importance. This led to a teaching model for an undergraduate textile design programme and the development of initial lectures for such a programme. In addition the data analysis indicated that further work could be done to develop learning resources to improve students’ knowledge in this area and support their transition from the HE environment to industry.

The site is situated on the north eastern edge of Pretoria CBD. Major road networks created an island of lost space at a very important gateway into the city. The concept for the project is to create meaningful architeture in a city environment, through the play of colour and light. With Plascon as the major client, a light industrial paint factory is proposed, with an area specifically allocated for small business enterprises (SBE). The existing building n the site, would be refurbished and converted into offices for the SBE's, while also serving as the main entrance to the site. Artists studio space is provided with exhibition areas, as well as studios/shops for informal trading. A Plascon Concept shop is also proposed, where people can purchase pait and other products, with the opportunity of concept simulations so they can make informed choices when buying paint products. The alternative healing properties of colour is explored through therapy rooms, as well as colour/light boxes. Walkways through the site provide the opportunity for pedestrians to cross the site, while viewing the paint production process. Copyright 2007, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Basson, R 2007, Canvas - colour production hub, MArch(Prof) dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11212007-205438 / > C72/eo / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Architecture / unrestricted

The annotated papers that are submitted as part of this thesis consider the phenomenon of colour at the fundamental, technical, and application levels, and they were written and published by Oulton between 1990 and 2009. The papers disclose significant insights by the author into colorimetric modeling theory and report aspects of the author's work that have led to commercially successful practical applications. The academic significance of these papers is evident in their citation record; their practical value is shown by a number of successful industrial collaboration programmes, and through the award of national prizes for innovation by the Worshipful Company of Dyers, and the Society of Dyers and Colorists. The published research primarily concerns digital devices that either capture or reproduce coloured images. For example, the research problem of how to calibrate the colour on computer CRT screens, which was thought at the time to be intractable, was reported by Oulton in paper 1 to be solved at the two to three significant figure level of colorimetric accuracy. This world leading level of accuracy was subsequently confirmed using a comprehensive data set in paper 7, and has been exploited internationally in commercial computer aided design and colour communication systems by Textile Computer Systems Ltd and Datacolor Inc. Further research problems resolved by Oulton in the presented papers include how to predict the colorimetric sensitivity of dye recipes; how to design, test, and fine-tune the spectral response of digital cameras; and how the individual customers in a shop can be tracked automatically to reveal their buying behavior, using coloured CCTV images.The challenge to the standard CIE colorimetric model posed by the results of Dr W.A. Thornton was analyzed and satisfactorily explained by Oulton in papers 2, 3 and 4. It is also shown that Thornton's results do not in any way compromise either the practice of colorimetry based on the CIE Standard Observer, or the validity of its quantifying data sets. It is also additionally shown under the annotation of paper 4 presented here, that the success of the CIE colorimetric model has a clearly demonstrable theoretical basis.In all but one of the presented papers the convention is maintained that the standard CIE XYZ co-ordinate model should be used as the reference basis, when modeling the properties of colour and quantifying its uses. The final paper to be published (and presented here as paper 4) challenges this convention and demonstrates that a context free and formally defined alternative reference basis may be used in colorimetric modeling with significant advantage. It is also shown in paper 4 that under the specified axioms, any cross dependency that is potentially non linear can in principle be resolved into its component scalar and additive relationships, and that the causes of scalar non linearity may be characterized independently from the causes of linearly additive cross dependency. The result is a widely applicable analytical and experimental design method for resolving complex cross dependent relationships in general and in particular, for resolving those between the spectral visual stimuli and the psychophysical response to them.

This paper gives a brief overview on the published and accepted standards and methods for colour photography and print lightfastness measuring and evaluating. A comparison of selected valid standards and evaluation suggestions has been made. Sample sets was produced by various photographic processes and printing techniques. Identical sample sets were used in both long-term and accelerated ageing experiment. In this thesis, the degradation speed is expressed as a formal rate constant, which was calculated from the dependence of normalized gamut volume on the exposure dose. Photographs and prints were compared on calculated lifetime basis. A failure of reciprocity law was observed, which indicates a lower credibility of estimated lifetime predictions based on accelerated ageing.

Colour is used as a form of communication which represent ideas, feelings, and emotions. The possibility to use colour as a symbol for interpretations is endless. Colour represents different things in different part of the world and hence understanding the colour psychology is important in product design. Taking a product from one part of the world to the other part of the world is a challenge in terms of acceptance for the product. In this product design project, we discuss how a foreign brand can introduce in Indian market with the help of colour choice. India is complex country in terms of belief , myths and traditions and its relation to colours. Understanding Indian market through colour preference is challenging and interesting. The focus lies on baby stroller where textile is used as a medium to study colours that bring the brand an identity. Through this thesis , a baby stroller from brand Thule will be redesigned to add colour combinations in textiles which, in future, gives the brand an identity to adapt to the Indian market. It also focuses on developing a colour palette for south Indian market (as phase one) which can be used when introducing a new product in India.

In the newspaper printing industry, offset is the dominating printing method and the use of multicolour printing has increased rapidly in newspapers during the last decade. The offset printing process relies on the assumption that an uniform film of ink of right thickness is transferred onto the printing areas. The quality of reproduction of colour images in offset printing is dependent on a number of parameters in a chain of steps and in the end it is the amount and the distribution of ink deposited on the substrate that create the sensation and thus the perceived colours. We identify three control points in the offset printing process and present methods for assessing the printing process quality in two of these points: • Methods for determining if the printing plates carry the correct image • Methods for determining the amount of ink deposited onto the newsprint A new concept of colour impression is introduced as a measure of the amount of ink deposited on the newsprint. Two factors contribute to values of the colour impression, the halftone dot-size and ink density. Colour impression values are determined on gray-bars using a CCD-camera based system. Colour impression values can also be determined in an area containing an arbitrary combination of cyan magenta and yellow inks. The correct amount of ink is known either from a reference print or from prepress information. Thus, the deviation of the amount of ink can be determined that can be used as control value by a press operator or as input to a control system. How a closed loop controller can be designed based on the colour impression values is also shown. It is demonstrated that the methods developed can be used for off-line print quality monitoring and ink feed control, or preferably in an online system in a newspaper printing press. / <p>Report code: LiU-TEK-LIC-2005:02.</p>