Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006. / Title from title screen. Malinda Snow, committee chair; Tanya Caldwell, Paul Schmidt, committee members. Electronic text (81 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 8, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-81).

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The aim of this work is to investigate the possibility that Francis Bacon was a contributor in the writing of three Shakespeare plays: The Comedy of Errors, Love’s Labour’s Lost, and The Tempest. In order to proceed, I develop a new Rare Collocation Profiling (RCP) method using Chadwick–Healey’s Early English Books Online (EEBO) database to identify those collocations in a target text that are rare. I then list the probable sources of a target and the writers who possibly borrowed from it. In this way, I obtain a DNA-type profile in relation to the target text for all frequently occurring writers that are returned by the searches. However, while collocation analysis is traditionally confined to a database of known dramatists, I widen the search to include all fully searchable texts in EEBO. My test case is the long poem A Funeral Elegye (1612), and my method supports Brian Vickers’ conclusion that John Ford is a better authorial candidate than William Shakespeare. I also analyse two previously unattributed pamphlets: the Gesta Grayorum (1688), an account of the 1594–5 Gray’s Inn revels; and the True Declaration (1610), a Virginia Company propaganda pamphlet, and I conclude from my method that Francis Bacon is the only candidate for having compiled the former and that he was a major contributor to the latter. Two of the Shakespeare plays, The Comedy of Errors and Love’s Labour’s Lost have previously been associated with the 1594–5 Gray’s Inn revels. I analyse the three volumes of Nelson and Elliott’s Records of Early English Drama: Inns of Court (NE) to find that the number of professional companies that played at the Inns of Court (one of which is Gray’s Inn) before 1606 has been overestimated. A document shows that Shakespeare’s company, the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, were playing at Greenwich on 28 December 1594 when, as the Gesta Grayorum reports, The Comedy of Errors was performed at Gray’s Inn, and the circumstances do not allow Shakespeare to have been present. The evidence suggests that the play was first enacted by Inns of Court players rather than the Lord Chamberlain’s Men. Inns of Court plays were often based on translations of classical works and usually commented on the succession question. I argue that The Comedy of Errors displays both of these characteristics and so was likely written with the revels in mind. Also, due to certain rare parallels between Francis Bacon’s speeches at the revels and Love’s Labour’s Lost, I claim that the play was intended for performance there but cancelled. Referring to the results of RCP, I suggest that Francis Bacon not only compiled the Gesta Grayorum but also contributed to the writing of these two plays. I also show that my new method identifies two non-members of the Inns of Court, Thomas Heywood and Thomas Dekker, as later revisers of these plays. In the final chapters, I improve on the dating evidence for The Tempest by showing that Caliban’s speech on edible items relies on knowledge of the Bermudan cahow, a bird whose behaviour was unknown in England before September 1610. The application of RCP to The Tempest confirms that William Strachey’s ‘True Reportory’, a 20,000-word secret report sent back from the Virginia colony to the London Virginia Company, was beyond reasonable doubt a source for the play. RCP also reveals Francis Bacon as a contributor to the writing of the play. I also apply the new method to the Virginia Company’s True Declaration, a pamphlet that almost certainly relied on ‘True Reportory’, and reveal Bacon as a contributor. This means that he must have inspected Strachey’s ‘True Reportory’, a source for The Tempest. I give strong reasons why Shakespeare would have been prohibited from gaining access to Strachey’s restricted company report. Finally, I suggest that The Tempest was used as a political tool to promote England’s influence in the New World, and although Strachey’s ‘True Reportory’ could not have been released for inspection, the Virginia Company must have cooperated in supplying information for the writing of the play.

The American South is a rich source of literature that combines the humorous and the horrific in its attempts to explain and expose the region's deep-seated social turmoil. One of the most prolific genres to come out of the South is southern gothic literature that, though not always humorous is known for its use of grotesque imagery and reliance on highly charged melodramatic narratives. When these works are comic, they don't merely reflect the region's strife but attempt to transform it. This dissertation looks at how southern gothic writers Beth Henley, Fannie Flagg and Flannery O'Connor use dark comedy in their works as defiant acts designed to question the status quo and reform the southern landscape by creating ruptures where marginalized people can assert themselves into the norms of American culture. Drawing on several different definitions of comedy, including Barecca's works on female narratives and linguistic theories of jokes, this work defines dark comedy and identifies where humor and horror come together in the works of these southern gothic writers to form particularly dark comic moments. Then, it uses Butler's theory of sites of rupture to explain how dark comedy can be transformative. In Giving an Account of Oneself, Butler explains Foucault's regime of truth as a system that is always both self-reflexive and social - a system where the norms that govern recognition create boundaries where subjects are formed. She goes on to conclude that ruptures can occur within the "horizon of normativity" whereby those relegated to the margins can gain entry and be encompassed within the governing norms. Dark comedy, then, occurs at or even creates that site of rupture in the individual and in the society that experiences it, and allows for the individual, and by extension society, to change its understanding of what is normal and resides within the margins. Within the text, then, dark comedy changes the governing norms to include the once marginalized oddities.

Death, dying, and the actual loss of life are some of the broadest sweeping concepts that typically evoke a wide array of emotions from sadness and anger to fear and despondence. It is unlikely that the first words associated with death are comedy, humor, or laughter. However, that is precisely what creators and comedians of dark, death, and gallows humor seek to achieve. For my senior capstone project, I have created a short fictional narrative film encompassing the traits of a dark comedy. However, noticing that few dark comedies delve into topics surrounding suicide, I wondered if it was possible to achieve the same comedic and filmic effects with suicide as dark comedies do with death. Is it possible to generate humor from suicide and desiring death? What is implied if humor is derived from the inability to reach death on one’s own volition?

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar uma leitura da peça Entertaining Mr. Sloane do dramaturgo inglês Joe Orton, investigando de que formas os artifícios literários são construídos para interromper as representações normativas sobre sexualidade e moralidade. Na obra de Orton, os comportamentos e discursos das personagens ignoram autoridades representativas de instituições que, como a família, trabalham para ratificar a noção de modos sexuais ligados à matrix heterossexual que constrói uma subjetividade configurada na equação essencialista de sexo-gênero-desejo. A investigação encontra suporte na História da Sexualidade, de Michel Foucault, e no conceito de performatividade de Judith Butler, usando a Desconstrução como uma estratégia de leitura. A estética literária nas peças de Joe Orton é alicerçada no anarquismo e na subversão como metáforas para interromper categorias convencionais de sexualidade que procuram controlar as vidas e os comportamentos humanos. Mostrando perversidade sexual pela fusão do que poderia ser ultrajante com o cômico, Joe Orton constrói um estilo único, conhecido como Ortonesco. Apesar de suas peças pertencerem ao território da comédia, são freqüentemente classificadas de acordo com estilos cômicos, ou sub-gêneros. Embora essa classificação seja muitas vezes problemática e não haja consenso entre os críticos em relação às categorias das peças, eu trato Entertaining Mr. Sloane como comédia de costumes por levar em consideração seus elementos e a definição desse estilo de comédia. Os discursos das personagens e suas ações mostram como as representações sexuais e de moralidade criam construtos sociais que prendem sexo, gênero e desejo em uma equação que deve resultar em uma identidade estável e universal. Os elementos literários mostram como esse sistema de representação é subvertido pela desestabilização de autoridades que trabalham como centro de sentido do mundo tradicional. / The present thesis aims at presenting my reading of the play Entertaining Mr. Sloane, by the English playwright Joe Orton. The analysis investigates in which ways literary artifices are constructed to disrupt normative representations of sexuality and morality, and in which ways the characters’ behaviors and discourses disregard authorities, such as that concerning the family institution, which work to maintain sexual mores embedded in Western society by a heteronormative matrix which constructs a subjectivity configured in the essentialist equation of sex-gender-desire. The investigation finds support in Michel Foucault’s The History of Sexuality, and Judith Butler’s concept of performativity, using Deconstruction as a strategy of reading. The literary aesthetics in Joe Orton’s plays is achieved by showing anarchism and subversion as a metaphor to disrupt conventional categories of sexuality which seek to control human lives and behaviors. Showing sexual perversity by fusing what could be outrageous with the comic mode, Joe Orton constructs a unique style, known as Ortonesque. Because his plays belong to comedy, they are often categorized according to the comic styles or sub-genres. However, that categorization is problematic many times, and there is no agreement from the part of many critics regarding the category of the plays. I consider Entertaining Mr. Sloane as Comedy of Manners by taking into account their elements and the literary definition of comedy style. The characters’ discourses and actions show how sexual and moral representations create social constructs that tie sex, gender and desire in an equation that must result in a stable and universal identity; and the literary elements show how that system of representation is subverted by destabilizing authorities which work as center of meaning to the Western world.

MOURA FILHO, Lauro Inácio de. Transtextualidade e hermenêutica na comédia de Aristófanes: o poeta como mestre da cidade. 2012. 166f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Letras, Fortaleza (CE), 2012. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-05-19T16:16:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_limfilho.pdf: 1958079 bytes, checksum: d7f4ad74f6b6580a7c8b8bbff38a04b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-05-19T17:28:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_limfilho.pdf: 1958079 bytes, checksum: d7f4ad74f6b6580a7c8b8bbff38a04b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-19T17:28:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_limfilho.pdf: 1958079 bytes, checksum: d7f4ad74f6b6580a7c8b8bbff38a04b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Aristófanes é o principal representante da comédia grega antiga. Algumas de suas obras foram as únicas a sobreviver até os nossos dias com textos integrais. Suas peças, seguindo a tradição oral do poeta sábio desde Homero, demonstram possuir uma ampla cultura a respeito de várias esferas do mundo de então: política, música, história, literatura etc. No entanto, de todo esse conhecimento presente na comédia de Aristófanes, a cultura literária se destaca de uma forma especial. Vários poetas são aludidos, citados, parodiados etc. no texto de Aristófanes. Dentre eles, porém, Eurípides ocupa um lugar de destaque. Esse tragediógrafo é eleito pelo poeta cômico como “saco de pancadas” literário. Todo esse conhecimento revelado na comédia aristofânica, especialmente o literário, pode simplificar ou dificultar o entendimento do leitor ulterior. Diante disso, apresentamos dois aportes teóricos que ajudarão o leitor hodierno a entender com menos dificuldade o teatro de Aristófanes. O primeiro deles é a proposta exegética de Schleiermacher, presente em sua "Hermenêutica: arte e técnica da interpretação". A hermenêutica schleiermacheriana servirá de princípio norteador para a compreensão da comédia aristofânica de modo geral. O segundo é a proposta da transtextualidade de Gérard Genette, tratada no livro "Palimpsestos: a literatura de segunda mão". A transtextualidade de Genette servirá de fundamento para o entendimento, especificamente, da cultura literária que encontramos na obra de Aristófanes. Essas duas propostas teóricas têm se revelado como importantes ferramentas de interpretação para a comédia de Aristófanes. Sem elas, o leitor ulterior encontrará dificuldades para entender, de forma satisfatória, o sentido textual proposto por aquele comediógrafo.

A tese investiga como se apresenta o humor político do Porta dos Fundos em esquetes audiovisuais veiculadas pelo Youtube. Parte-se de um panorama sobre as audiovisualidades para atentar sobre os processos produtivos em relação com o contexto político nacional. Os conceitos de comicidade e humor são acionados a partir de Henry Bergson (1983) e Elias Thomé Saliba (2002), sendo o primeiro tomado como sistema organizador da narrativa a partir da intencionalidade de fazer rir, enquanto o segundo é definido pelo contraste entre o que é e o que deveria ser, acionando uma reflexão crítica que complementa e dá a tonalidade do gesto social empregado pelos humoristas. Para tratar sobre o humorismo audiovisual percorremos a história do riso e do escárnio com Georges Minois (2003), Roberto Elísio dos Santos e Regina Rosseti (2012), entre outros, a fim de resgatar as raízes do riso midiatizado brasileiro. O problema de pesquisa é: Como se dá o humor sobre a política na comicidade audiovisual do Porta dos Fundos? Para responder essa pergunta elencamos como objetivo geral da pesquisa descrever e analisar como se apresenta o humor audiovisual sobre a política em um canal no Youtube - o do Porta dos Fundos, explorando o objeto na relação com o campo do audiovisual nacional, com o contexto político contemporâneo e com a teoria sobre o humor e a comédia. A partir deste, estabelece-se como objetivos específicos: a) descrever as possíveis relações entre a matriz da comédia audiovisual nacional e o humor político veiculado pelo Porta dos Fundos; b) descrever e analisar como os conteúdos audiovisuais apresentam o humor sobre a política do Porta dos Fundos; c) apontar pistas que indiquem elementos de distinção do conteúdo humorístico do Porta dos Fundos no campo do audiovisual contemporâneo Entendemos que para abordar o humor sobre a política do Porta dos Fundos no Youtube é preciso contextualizar a cultura midiática e digital contemporânea, relacionando-a com o contexto político vivido no Brasil durante o período de análise, em busca de um olhar relacional que aponte pistas sobre como os agentes e os campos sociais influenciam-se mutuamente e quais marcas deixam uns sobre os outros. A epistemologia adotada é da sociologia relacional de Pierre Bourdieu (1997, 2002, 2007a, 2007b), que auxilia no tratamento dispensado ao corpus empírico de seis esquetes audiovisuais de humor sobre política veiculados pelo Youtube, entre agosto de 2012 e abril de 2017, e analisados filmicamente a partir das proposições metodológicas de Penafria (2009), Julier e Marie (2009). Como resultado encontramos marcas distintivas do humor do Porta dos Fundos sobre a política a partir das suas estratégias narrativas que privilegiam o sentido de realidade junto ao espectador; um processo produtivo colaborativo que diversifica os conteúdos e fortalece a imagem a marca; uma identidade visual (estética e linguística) mantida mesmo com o rodízio de funções e colaboradores; tudo marcando um fenômeno que emerge em um tempo de lacuna no humor crítico sobre política na TV, políticas públicas que incentivam a produção audiovisual independente e converge com a ampliação da conectividade e cultura digital no país. / The thesis investigates how the political humor of “Porta dos Fundos” in audiovisual sketches transmitted by Youtube is presented. It started by a panorama on the audiovisuals to look at productive processes in relation to national socioeconomic and political contexts. Henry Bergson (1983) and Elias Thomé Saliba (2002) trigger ehe concepts of comics and humor. The first one being taken as the system organizer of the narrative from the intentionality of making laugh, while the second one is defined by the contrast between what is and what should be, triggering a critical reflection that complements and gives the tone of the social gesture employed by comedians. To deal with audiovisual humor, we go through the story of laughter and scorn with Georges Minois (2003), Roberto Elísio dos Santos and Regina Rosseti (2012), among others, in order to rescue the roots of Brazilian disseminated laught. The research problem is: How does the political humor in the audiovisual comedy of “Porta dos Fundos”work? In order to answer this question we have as a general objective of the research to describe and analyze how audiovisual political humor is presented in a channel on YouTube – called Porta dos Fundos, exploring the object in relation to the field of the national audiovisual, with the contemporary political context and with the theory about humor and comedy. From this, specific objectives are stablished: a) to describe the possible relations between the matrix of the national audiovisual comedy and the political humor conveyed by Porta dos Fundos; b) describe and analyze how the audiovisual contents present the political humor of Porta dos Fundos; c) to point out clues that indicate elements of distinction of the humoristic content of Porta dos Fundos in the field of contemporary audiovisual We understand that in order to approach the political humor of Porta dos Fundos on Youtube it is necessary to contextualize the contemporary digital and digital culture, relating it to the actual political and economic context in Brazil during the period of analysis, searching for relational look that points out clues about how agents and social fields influence each other and which brands leave in one another. The epistemology adopted is Pierre Bourdieu's (1997, 2002, 2007a, 2007b), relational sociology, which assists in the treatment given to the empirical corpus of six audiovisual humoristic sketches transmitted by Youtube, in between august of 2012 and april of 2017, and analyzed in the movie by the methodological propositions of Penafria (2009), Julier and Marie (2009). As a result we find distinctive marks of the political humor of Porta dos Fundos from their narrative strategies that privilege the sense of reality with the spectator; a collaborative production process that diversifies the content and strengthens the brand image; a visual identity (aesthetic and linguistic) maintained even with the rotation of functions and collaborators; all marking a phenomenon that emerges in a time that lacs critical political humor on TV, public policies that encourage independent audiovisual production and converge with the expansion of connectivity and digital culture in the country.

Este estudo tem por objetivo central compreender como as séries cômicas nacionais, através da comicidade, levam os fãs a discutir assuntos “sérios”, que interessam ao debate social. Como objetivos específicos buscou-se investigar o que leva o sujeito a tornar-se fã de séries cômicas nacionais, identificar quais os temas que levam ao riso estes fãs, especialmente da série Tapas & Beijos, bem como, verificar como o Facebook pode surgir como um cenário de interação entre os fãs e deles com a emissora. Para tanto, adotou-se como referencial teórico central o modelo das Múltiplas Mediações, de Guillermo Orozco Gómes, o que significa assumir que a audiência é composta por sujeitos, considerando-a “em situação”, assim sendo, condicionada individual e coletivamente. Desta forma, a recepção seria um processo resultante da interação receptor/televisão/mediações, mediações que entram no jogo contínuo do ato de assistir televisão, ao mesmo tempo em que o extrapolam. Adotou-se ainda a terminologia fã para os televidentes que desenvolvem uma relação sentimental com Tapas & Beijos, assim como, buscou-se investigar a concepção de autores nacionais sobre gêneros e formatos na televisão brasileira, em programas seriados que tivessem uma narrativa cômica. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados para o desenvolvimento da análise foram observação de post relacionado a série Tapas & Beijos no Facebook e aplicação questionário (realizado através de formulário online) para verificar do que riem os fãs de séries cômicas nacionais. O estudo destaca a importância de supertemas na forma como os fãs se relacionam com a série a partir da amizade, o riso, as brigas, o coleguismo, a paixão, o sexo e a verossimilhança com o cotidiano, apontados como fatores pelos quais eles mais se identificam com este tipo de programa. A investigação mostra ainda que o Facebook atua como um cenário de televidencia, um lugar onde se produz sentido ao que se obtém da televisão, um cenário de troca e negociação, onde os fãs podem fazer referência ao que viram ou esperam ver na televisão com outros fãs de Tapas & Beijos e com a Rede Globo. / This research aims to understand how the national comedy series, through comicality, leads fans to discuss "serious" issues that concern social debate. The specific aims include investigate what causes of the individuals becaming fans of national comedy series, identify the themes that lead to laughter these fans, especially of the Tapas & Beijos, as well as see how Facebook can arise as a scenario of interaction between fans and with them to the station. So, we adopted as the central theoretical framework the Guillermo Orozco Gomes's model of Multiple Mediations, which means assuming that the audience is subjected, it was “in situation”, therefore, individually and collectively conditioned. Thus, the reception would be a process resulting from the reception/television interaction/mediation, mediation entering the continuous playing of the act of watching television at the same time that the extrapolate. Still adopted a fan terminology for viewers who develop a emotional relationship with Tapas & Beijos, as we sought to investigate the design of national authors on genres and formats on Brazilian television in programs that series had a comic narrative. The methodological procedures used to develop the analysis were observation of the posts related to Tapas & Beijos on Facebook and questionnaire (conducted via online form) to verify the laughing fans of national comedy series. The study highlights the importance of supertemas in how fans relate to the series from the friendship, the laughter, the fights, the camaraderie, passion, sex and verisimilitude with everyday life, mentioned as factors by which more fans identify with this kind of program. The research also shows that Facebook acts as a scenario of televidencia, a place which fans produces the sense one gets from television, a scenario of exchange and negotiation, where fans can make reference to what they saw or expect to see on television with other fans of Tapas & Beijos and with Rede Globo.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:03:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_jk_dr_arafcl.pdf: 2005071 bytes, checksum: 4b32864178e15ee3857fc899c460c105 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As funções do coro na comédia de Aristófanes é o título e o tema desta tese que investiga o coro no gênero que foi praticado na Grécia antiga. Nossa investigação pautou-se no princípio de que os textos da Comédia Antiga que chegaram à nossa época foram compostos para serem postos em cena e, por isso mesmo, têm peculiaridades que devem ser levadas em consideração no momento da análise. Os textos das onze comédias de Aristófanes preservadas registram um roteiro ficcional que pode ser recuperado apenas pela leitura, como é comum em todo texto teatral, mas, além disso, os enredos das peças deixam gravadas as estratégias cênicas de realização concreta da obra em um espaço teatral específico. Assim, a partir do texto, é possível depreender tanto o enredo quando elementos da performance. Quando observamos o coro neste gênero, notamos que, nestes dois aspectos da comédia, ele desempenha importantes funções: na narrativa, ele assume diferentes papéis actanciais de acordo com as exigências do roteiro ficcional da peça; e, na performance, assume funções técnicas que viabilizam a apresentação da peça em um espaço concreto. A estrutura narrativa das obras foi estudada pelo viés teórico da semiologia do teatro. Para o estudo das funções do coro na performance das comédias, foram levadas em consideração as condições materiais dos festivais teatrais do século V a.C. – espaço amplo da orquestra, aglomeração no theatron, restrição a, no máximo, cinco atores para desempenhar todas as personagens da peça – e, a partir dessas exigências concretas, observou-se que o coro é um elemento estrutural do gênero frequentemente usado pelo poeta para solucionar os problemas ligados às dificuldades espaciais próprias da realização teatral da Atenas do século V a.C. / The functions of the chorus in the Aristophanes comedy is the title and the main subject of this thesis which study the chorus in the genre practiced in the Ancient Greece. Our investigation grounded in the principle the texts of the Ancient Comedy that survived until our time were made to be put in scene and for that reason they have some singular characteristics that needed to be considered in the analysis. The texts of the eleven preserved comedies of Aristophanes show a fictional script that can be recovered only by reading, as usual in every theatric text, but, more than that, the plot of the plays keep record the scenic strategies applied in its concrete realization. So, from the text it is possible to comprehend the plot and elements of the performance. When we focus the chorus in this genre we can notice that – in theses two aspects of comedy – it has important functions: in the narrative it took different actantial roles according to the demands of the script of the play; and in the performance it took some technical roles that make possible the presentation of the play in a concrete space. The narrative structure of the plays was studied using as theoretical support the theater semiology. To study the functions of the chorus in the performance of the comedies the material resources in the theater festivals during the 5th century B.C. were considered – and from theses concrete demands, we could see that the chorus is a structural element of the genre frequently used by the poet to solve some problems caused by space difficulties characteristic of the theatral realization in the 5th century B.C. Athens.