A dissertação pretende-se uma contribuição para o estudo poético da Comédia Antiga, analisando o emprego das convenções do gênero na peça As Rãs e traduzindo-a de modo a tornar visíveis essas questões em português. Todos os elementos formais da Comédia Antiga (estrutura, enredo, personagens, elocução, versificação e espetáculo) parecem se definir por três aspectos: fisicalidade, acumulação e descontinuidade. Dessa combinação nasce o efeito próprio da Comédia Antiga: as sensações de pertencimento, liberdade e realização. Na Ática dos séculos V e IV a.C, outra função da Comédia Antiga era comentar e influenciar a política da cidade. A ação da comédia não é composta por estritas relações de causa e efeito e a coerência do todo só pode ser entendida ao observar a correlação de temas e imagens que permeiam a peça e podem ser percebidos sobretudo na parábase e nas repetições de termos de mesma raiz ou mesmo campo semântico. N\'As Rãs predominam os temas do bom nascimento, da virtude moral e da poesia, cujas interrelações são exploradas pelo poeta. Aristófanes parece sacrificar algo da satisfação cômica para fortalecer o teor exortativo da peça, que incentiva a escolha de boas lideranças, o fim das disputas civis e a paz com os peloponésios. Por fim, analisam-se traduções em português de Aristófanes e propõe-se como tornar visíveis em português as características formais do gênero identificadas na primeira parte da dissertação. / This dissertation intends to contribute to the study of the poetics of Ancient Comedy. It analyses how the play Frogs employs generic conventions, and presents a translation into Portuguese, so that readers who have no knowledge of Ancient Greek can access the debate. All formal elements in Ancient Comedy (structure, plot, characters, elocution, metre and spectacle) seem to be defined by three aspects: physicality, accumulation and discontinuity. Out of the conjunction of these traits emerges Ancient Comedy\'s distinctive effect: the feeling of connection, freedom, fulfilment and satisfaction. Another function of fifth and early fourth-century Attic Comedy was to comment and influence Athens\' politics. The plot of Ancient Comedy is not strictly organical, and its coherence relies on the pervasive themes and images of a play, which make themselves known especially in the parabasis and the reiteration of words with similar stems and meaning. In Frogs, these themes are good birth, moral virtue and poetry, which Aristophanes interconnects. The poet seems to sacrifice a little of comic satisfaction in order to stress the exhortative character of the play, which recommends the choice of good leaders and the end of both civil strife and war against the Peloponnesians. At last, the dissertation analyses translations of Aristophanes\' plays into Portuguese, and proposes how the traits identified in the first part can be made visible in Portuguese.

Apresentação dos elementos básicos da produção teatral ligeira no Brasil, requisito para a compreensão da história do teatro brasileiro no século XX, focando a encenação como produto que pode ser avaliado sob três prismas (estética, moralidade e diversão) enquanto valor de uso, mas que demanda a produção de valor de troca. Reconstituição histórica do teatro ligeiro, partindo de seu surgimento enquanto \"gênero alegre\" em meados do século XIX na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, passando por sua transformação em teatro ligeiro musicado na virada do século, consolidada com a adoção do procedimento das sessões. Apresentação do teatro ligeiro cômico, apontando seu surgimento com o Teatro Trianon, a partir de 1915, e enfocando seu desenvolvimento durante a década de 1920. Exposição cronológica do desenvolvimento do teatro ligeiro cômico no Rio de Janeiro durante a década de 1930, ano a ano, enfocando os principais acontecimentos. Relatório sobre o surgimento da peça social e a representação de Deus lhe Pague, de Joracy Camargo, por Procópio Ferreira. Relatório sobre a atuação da Companhia Dulcina-Odilon durante a década, apresentando seus grandes sucessos e a consolidação da imagem de empresa teatral de qualidade superior. Relatório sobre as atividades de Renato Vianna, enfocando suas iniciativas e as relações com a produção ligeira. Relatório sobre a atuação do Estado, que se torna sistemática a partir da metade da década e interfere no equilíbrio de forças no ambiente cultural brasileiro. Relatório sobre as atividades dos grupos amadores que passam a pressionar a produção ligeira e convertem-se em uma possibilidade alternativa de produção teatral. Relatório analisando cinco comédias históricas encenadas no final da década / Presentation of the basic elements of theatrical production in Brazil, requirement for understanding the history of Brazilian theater in the twentieth century, focusing on three prisms (aesthetics, morality and fun). Historical reconstruction of light theatre (\"teatro ligeiro\"), from its emergence in mid-nineteenth century in Rio de Janeiro, through its transformation in musical theater at the turn of the century, consolidated by adopting the procedure of the sessions. Presentation of light comedy (\"teatro ligeiro cômico\"), pointing its appearance with the Theatre Trianon, from 1915, and focusing on its development during the 1920s. Chronological development of light comedy (\"comédia ligeira\") in Rio de Janeiro during the 1930s, year by year, focusing on the main events: 1. Deus lhe Pague (Joracy Camargo) presentation; 2. Company Dulcina-Odilon performance; 3. Renato Vianna activities; 4. the State action; 5. Amateur Groups activities. Report examining five historical comedies staged at the end of the decade.

A relação do cinema com outras linguagens e outras artes tem despertado grande interesse em novos trabalhos de pesquisa no âmbito da pós-graduação, e se insere no interior de uma pluralidade de posturas de investigação adotadas a partir dos anos 1980 acerca do espaço fílmico. Partindo da relação entre arquitetura/urbanismo e cinema, este trabalho se constitui numa interação de linguagens dinâmicas, tomando por princípio a polissemia dos interesses estéticos e das formas artísticas atuais. A escolha de nosso objeto de pesquisa, Playtime (Tempo de diversão, 1967) do cineasta Jacques Tati (1907-1982) nasceu do interesse em tratar uma questão central na experiência do cinema francês, qual seja seu diálogo crítico com a mudança de sensibilidade cultural provocada pela arquitetura e urbanismo modernos. A demanda gerada pela inserção criativa do cinema na reflexão sobre a sociedade e a cultura é correlata a uma vontade de questionar a arquitetura como instância de poder e representação, privilegiando a qualidade de interação entre pessoas e grupos sociais na vida urbana. O foco de análise, ao desvelar a realidade proposta, visa entender a relação entre obra e público numa busca de atualização das discussões entre arte e sociedade. / The relation between cinema and other forms of expression, as well as other kinds of art, has raised great interest among academic research, especially post-graduation studies, as part of a variety of investigative approaches to the subject of filmmaking from the 1980s onwards. Based on the relation between architecture/urbanism and cinema, this work focuses on the interaction of dynamic forms of expression, taking into account the polysemic context under which aesthetic interests and artistic forms operate. The choice of the object of study, the film Playtime (Tempo de diversão, 1967) by French filmmaker Jacques Tati (1907-1982), was due to address a central issue in the French cinema experience, namely its critical view in the dialogue with the cultural sensitivity changes caused by modern architecture and urbanism. Cinema became an important topic in the discussion of society and culture, as a means to question the role of architecture as an instance of power and representation, as opposed to the quality of interaction between individuals and social groups in urban life. The focus of the analysis, by uncovering the proposed truth of the film, aims to understand the relation between work and audience in a search for renewing the discussion of art and society.

Orientadores: Sara Pereira Lopes, Mario Alberto Santana / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T19:34:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Novais_DouglasRodrigues_M.pdf: 986891 bytes, checksum: d9190e69c8259abb219d91ab63a25f14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O Presente trabalho apresenta um estudo histórico-filosófico introdutório sobre as questões da técnica e da ação cômica no trabalho do ator. Com o objetivo de identificar os principios que fundamentam cada um desses campos para propor um estudo que não se encerre na teoria, mas que sirva ao trabalho prático do ator, efetuamos um resgate e uma atualização das teorias clássicas sobre os assuntos e as confrontamos com três entrevistas de reconhecidos atores da área / Abstract: This dissertation attempts to present a historical-philosophical introductory study on the technique and comic action in the actor's work. In order to identify the principles underlying each of these fields to propose a study not only restricted to the theory but also useful for practical work, we relied on classical theories and also confronted three interviews with different acknowledged actor / Mestrado / Artes da Cena / Mestre em Artes da Cena

Face aux incertitudes génériques liées à la perte des contours stricts entre les genres, qui se renforce dans les années 1950 avec les oeuvres du « Nouveau Théâtre », la théorisation de la comédie contemporaine et sa définition selon des critères génériques s'avèrent problématiques. Puisque les structures, les procédés d'écriture et les intentions des comédies divergent suivant les auteurs et leurs pratiques, dans une démarche descriptive et analytique, cette thèse propose un état des lieux de la situation de la comédie contemporaine française d'un point de vue générique. Trois manières d'écrire la comédie se dessinent. Les auteurs composent dans le genre, en pratiquant l'intertextualité, à partir des comédies classiques françaises, de la farce ou du vaudeville. Profitant d'un cadre structurel établi, ils s'approprient et radicalisent les procédés de ces genres issus de la tradition. Ils usent ensuite de techniques de composition coutumières du drame et de la tragédie pour créer des comédies catastrophiques qui superposent le comique et le tragique et jouent avec l'« horizon d'attente » de la comédie. Ils élaborent enfin des comédies scéniques à partir du plateau, en s'appuyant sur les formes comiques populaires. Malgré leur diversité, ces comédies présentent des éléments de poétique communs : elles maintiennent une ligne de fable, l'existence de personnages et la présence de dialogues, qui tendent à la conversation. Le comique reste l'élément essentiel du genre et se retrouve dans la vitalité des comédies burlesques, l'équivoque des comédies humoristiques et la critique des comédies satiriques. Forte de son hétérogénéité, puisant dans sa tradition qu'elle réinvente et osant l'inédit, la comédie contemporaine persiste en tant que genre. / Theorizing about contemporary comedy and defining it according to generic criteria has been getting harder and harder ever since the frontiers between literary genres became blurry, especially since the 1950s with the influence of the "Nouveau Théâtre". Since the structures, literary devices, and intentions of comedies vary according to their authors and the latter's practices, we will adopt a descriptive and analytical approach in assessing the situation of French contemporary comedy from a generic point of view. Three ways of writing comedy will emerge from our study. Some authors compose their texts from within the generic frame of comedy by building intertextual bridges with French classic comedy, farce or vaudeville and by exaggerating the traditional devices of the genre. Some choose to use composition techniques usually found in drama or tragedy in order to create comedies that end in disaster thus juxtaposing comedy and tragedy in a playful attitude with comedy's usual "horizon of expectation". Finally, others write comedies from the stage onwards and draw on popular comic conventions. Despite their diversity, these comedies share common poetic traits: they are all built around a storyline, characters and dialogues that verge on idle talk. The comic remains the essential element of the genre, be it in the vitality of burlesque comedies, the ambiguity of humorous comedies, or the criticism of satirical comedies. Contemporary comedy, buoyed by its heterogeneity and its ability to reinvent its own traditions, remains a relevant genre in today's theatrical landscape.

En proposant une étude comparée de l’esclave ludificator dans la comédie romaine antique et du valet vedette dans la comédie en France aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, ce travail entend rendre compte de la valeur proprement spectaculaire de la convention théâtrale ancienne du serviteur maître du jeu. À la notion de jeu, entendue à la fois comme l’ensemble des facéties du serviteur et comme une modalité de l’activité théâtrale, nous articulerons donc la notion de maîtrise, envisagée aussi bien du point de vue fictionnel du serviteur que du point de vue extra-fictionnel du comédien. La première partie de l’étude fera d’abord apparaître la structuration du rôle de comédie romaine en séquences spectaculaires, en identifiant l’esclave maître du jeu ou ludificator à la combinaison de certaines de ces séquences, puis proposera une interprétation de la convention comique du seruus ludificator comme figuration valorisante de l’activité théâtrale et de l’événement rituel des Jeux. Elle examinera ensuite les diverses variations de cette convention dans les vingt-six comédies du corpus romain. La seconde partie de ce travail, tout en montrant l’importance du modèle romain dans l’élaboration du genre comique en France à partir de la Renaissance, mettra en évidence le poids décisif du contexte théâtral professionnel, et particulièrement du système de vedettariat parisien, dans l’apparition du phénomène de valet vedette dans la comédie et dans son développement marqué tout au long du XVIIe siècle. Elle rendra compte, enfin, de la structuration du rôle en emploi à partir des années 1680 et de l’uniformisation qui en résulte, amenant la convention à disparaître en quelques décennies. / By proposing a comparative study of the ludificator slave in Ancient Roman comedy and of the star-servant in comedies performed in early-modern France, this thesis intends to account for the specifically spectacular value of the ancient theatrical convention of the leading servant. The idea of play, understood both as the servant’s tricks and as theatrical activity itself, is placed in relation to the idea of mastery, regarded both from the fictional point of view of the servant and from the extra-fictional point of view of the actor. The first part of the thesis endeavours to point out the specific structure of Roman comedy roles in spectacular sequences and identifies the leading or ludificator slave as a combination of some particular sequences. It then proposes an interpretation of the comic convention of the seruus ludificator as a promotional representation of theatrical activity and the ritual event of the Ludi. It finally examines the diverse variations of the convention in the twenty-six comedies of the Roman corpus. The second part of this work, although showing the importance of the Roman model in the elaboration of the comic genre in France from the Renaissance, also brings to light the decisive influence of the context of professional theatre, in particular the Parisian “star-system”, in the appearance and strong development of the star-servant phenomenon in seventeenth-century French comedy. Finally, it will account for the transformation of the role into a fixed, institutional part from the 1680s, resulting in a standardisation and progressive disappearance of the convention.

This study is an investigation into the representation of complexities confronting the concept of the Rainbow Nation as a South African social reality. The study is based on the works of Trevor Noah, one of post-Apartheid South Africa‘s eminent stand-up comedians whose two media works, The Day Walker and Crazy Normal, tackle issues pertaining to the socio-political and economic realities that are prevailing in South Africa. The mass media products continue to receive wide acclaim from both, media circles and audiences from racially diversified societies. They are delivered in a mimetic stereotypical manner that cuts across the length and breadth of the South African society. Trevor Noah‘s comedy uses humour to provide the South African society with an opportunity ―[for brutal honesty] to explore, affirm, deny, and ultimately to change its structure and its values‖ (Turner, 1977:33). Representations made in his comedy, more than providing people with a tonic for laughter, also create for the society momentary instances of thought which transcend the theatre stage in which the humour is delivered. Courtesy of these representations, his comedy infiltrates the people‘s sub-consciousness and engages them on those issues pertaining to race-relations and multicultural tolerance which are more often than not trivialised but are influential in shaping the status quo.

This paper explores how flouting of the Gricean maxims is used to create comedy in the television series Community.  The aim of the paper is to find out what maxims are flouted the most to create comedy and what maxims the different characters flout in order to create comedy. The paper examines the use of flouts in different situations and explores in what situations the different characters flout the maxims for comedy.  The paper is based on transcription of eight episodes of the series. The results show that the maxim of quantity was flouted most often, and some characters used more flouts than others. These results suggest that the use of flouts has to do with their different personalities, which is why some characters did not use as many flouts in order to create comedy, since it would not be in line with their personality.

This essay discusses the relationship between the characters Vladimir and Estragon in Samuel Beckett’s play Waiting for Godot and the vernacular clowning tradition. The discussion is supported by analyzing similarities between Waiting for Godot and Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of grotesque realism as it is presented in his work Rabelais and His World, as well as elements of the Italian Commedia dell’Arte and 20th century silent movie comedy. The essay concludes that Beckett was considerably influenced by vernacular comic elements and utilised these influences in his play Waiting for Godot in order to question the high level of artificiality in Modernist literature.

La comédie de menace, expression utilisée pour la première fois par le critique de théâtre Irving Wardle en 1958, est devenue aujourd’hui une notion stéréotypée, appliquée de manière systématique au théâtre d’Harold Pinter. Cette thèse, en proposant de nouveaux critères de définition à la fois sémiotiques et esthétiques, vise à réhabiliter ce genre qui ne cesse de se développer depuis les années 1950, chez des auteurs tels que David Campton, Caryl Churchill et Martin Crimp. Ce théâtre repose tout d’abord sur un renversement entre intrus et autochtone qui n’a jamais été exploré depuis son évocation par Irving Wardle. La sémiotique horizontale du dehors vers le dedans, associée au phénomène d’intrusion, est remplacée par une sémiotique verticale du surgissement : la menace émane des sous-sols et des profondeurs du moi dans une double acception topographique et psychanalytique. Théâtre de l’inversion, mais aussi de l’implicite : la comédie de menace suggère l’horreur plutôt qu’elle ne la donne à voir. Ce refus de l’opsis n’est toutefois pas synonyme d’euphémisation de la violence. Enfin, l’insertion de passages ludiques ne permet pas d’atténuer l’atmosphère menaçante mais décuple au contraire le malaise du lecteur-spectateur. Les dramaturges de la menace proposent ainsi un nouveau genre de comédie qui induit une nouvelle esthétique de la réception. / First used by the theatre critic Irving Wardle in 1958, the expression comedy of menace has become a catch-all phrase systematically applied to Harold Pinter. This thesis aims at redefining this genre, both semiotically and aesthetically, as well as restoring it to favour by showing that it has considerably evolved since the 1950s in the plays of David Campton, Caryl Churchill and Martin Crimp. This theatre first hinges on a reversal between intruders and inhabitants which has not been studied since it was identified by Irving Wardle. The horizontal semiotics linked to the intrusion motif is replaced by a vertical semiotics: menace looms up from the basements and the depths of the ego in a topographical and psychological perspective. Comedy of menace relies on inversion as well as unspoken feelings; it suggests horror rather than displaying it, yet it does not minimize violence. The comic interludes do not alleviate the menacing atmosphere but on the contrary enhance the spectators’ unease. The playwrights studied here thus devise a new comic genre which induces a new aesthetic of reception.