本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである / Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第10173号 / 論工博第3448号 / 新制||工||1153(附属図書館) / UT51-99-M293 / (主査)教授 足立 紀彦, 教授 山本 裕, 教授 杉江 俊治 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 工学博士 / 乙第2549号 / 論工博第692号 / 新制||工||279(附属図書館) / 4105 / UT51-49-E177 / (主査)教授 椹木 義一, 教授 得丸 英勝, 教授 明石 一 / 学位規則第5条第2項該当

Idag använder Försvarsmakten högteknologiska ledningssystem för att underlätta ledning på stridsfältet. Några av dessa system är idag utvecklade för internationella insatser mot en lågteknologisk motståndare, men vad skulle hända i en nationell konflikt mot en högteknologisk motståndare? I denna uppsats utvärderas SLB utifrån ett fiktivt framtidsscenario för att komma fram till tekniska eller taktiska anpassningar för att öka den militära nyttan med systemet. Studien bygger på för och nackdelar med SLB utifrån Försvarsmaktens sex grundläggande förmågor som sedan analyseras för att komma fram till anpassningsmöjligheter för SLB. En av de slutsatser som studien visar är vikten av realistiska övningar med systemet för att öva personalen mot en högteknologisk motståndare. / The Swedish armed forces use high tech command and control systems to increase combat leadership on the battlefield. Some of these systems are designed for international missions against a low tech enemy, but what would happen if the systems where facing a high tech enemy in a national conflict? In this essay SLB is being evaluated from a fictional future scenario to determine technical or tactical adjustments to increase the military use of the system. The essay is based on pros and cons with SLB from the Swedish armed forces six basic ability’s that later are being analyzed to come up with suitable adjustments for SLB. One of the conclusions from the essay shows the importance of realistic exercises with the system to practice the crew against a high tech enemy.

<p>Linear time-invariant approximations of nonlinear systems are used in many applications and can be obtained in several ways. For example, using system identification and the prediction-error method, it is always possible to estimate a linear model without considering the fact that the input and output measurements in many cases come from a nonlinear system. One of the main objectives of this thesis is to explain some properties of such approximate models.</p><p>More specifically, linear time-invariant models that are optimal approximations in the sense that they minimize a mean-square error criterion are considered. Linear models, both with and without a noise description, are studied. Some interesting, but in applications usually undesirable, properties of such optimal models are pointed out. It is shown that the optimal linear model can be very sensitive to small nonlinearities. Hence, the linear approximation of an almost linear system can be useless for some applications, such as robust control design. Furthermore, it is shown that standard validation methods, designed for identification of linear systems, cannot always be used to validate an optimal linear approximation of a nonlinear system.</p><p>In order to improve the models, conditions on the input signal that imply various useful properties of the linear approximations are given. It is shown, for instance, that minimum phase filtered white noise in many senses is a good choice of input signal. Furthermore, the class of separable signals is studied in detail. This class contains Gaussian signals and it turns out that these signals are especially useful for obtaining approximations of generalized Wiener-Hammerstein systems. It is also shown that some random multisine signals are separable. In addition, some theoretical results about almost linear systems are presented.</p><p>In standard methods for robust control design, the size of the model error is assumed to be known for all input signals. However, in many situations, this is not a realistic assumption when a nonlinear system is approximated with a linear model. In this thesis, it is described how robust control design of some nonlinear systems can be performed based on a discrete-time linear model and a model error model valid only for bounded inputs.</p><p>It is sometimes undesirable that small nonlinearities in a system influence the linear approximation of it. In some cases, this influence can be reduced if a small nonlinearity is included in the model. In this thesis, an identification method with this option is presented for nonlinear autoregressive systems with external inputs. Using this method, models with a parametric linear part and a nonparametric Lipschitz continuous nonlinear part can be estimated by solving a convex optimization problem.</p> / <p>Linjära tidsinvarianta approximationer av olinjära system har många användningsområden och kan tas fram på flera sätt. Om man har mätningar av in- och utsignalerna från ett olinjärt system kan man till exempel använda systemidentifiering och prediktionsfelsmetoden för att skatta en linjär modell utan att ta hänsyn till att systemet egentligen är olinjärt. Ett av huvudmålen med den här avhandlingen är att beskriva egenskaper för sådana approximativa modeller.</p><p>Framförallt studeras linjära tidsinvarianta modeller som är optimala approximationer i meningen att de minimerar ett kriterium baserat på medelkvadratfelet. Brusmodeller kan inkluderas i dessa modelltyper och både fallet med och utan brusmodell studeras här. Modeller som är optimala i medelkvadratfelsmening visar sig kunna uppvisa ett antal intressanta, men ibland oönskade, egenskaper. Bland annat visas det att en optimal linjär modell kan vara mycket känslig för små olinjäriteter. Denna känslighet är inte önskvärd i de flesta tillämpningar och innebär att en linjär approximation av ett nästan linjärt system kan vara oanvändbar för till exempel robust reglerdesign. Vidare visas det att en del valideringsmetoder som är framtagna för linjära system inte alltid kan användas för validering av linjära approximationer av olinjära system.</p><p>Man kan dock göra de optimala linjära modellerna mer användbara genom att välja lämpliga insignaler. Bland annat visas det att minfasfiltrerat vitt brus i många avseenden är ett bra val av insignal. Klassen av separabla signaler detaljstuderas också. Denna klass innehåller till exempel alla gaussiska signaler och just dessa signaler visar sig vara speciellt användbara för att ta fram approximationer av generaliserade wiener-hammerstein-system. Dessutom visas det att en viss typ av slumpmässiga multisinussignaler är separabel. Några teoretiska resultat om nästan linjära system presenteras också.</p><p>De flesta metoder för robust reglerdesign kan bara användas om storleken på modellfelet är känd för alla tänkbara insignaler. Detta är emellertid ofta inte realistiskt när ett olinjärt system approximeras med en linjär modell. I denna avhandling beskrivs därför ett alternativt sätt att göra en robust reglerdesign baserat på en tidsdiskret modell och en modellfelsmodell som bara är giltig för begränsade insignaler.</p><p>Ibland skulle det vara önskvärt om en linjär modell av ett system inte påverkades av förekomsten av små olinjäriteter i systemet. Denna oönskade påverkan kan i vissa fall reduceras om en liten olinjär term tas med i modellen. En identifieringsmetod för olinjära autoregressiva system med externa insignaler där denna möjlighet finns beskrivs här. Med hjälp av denna metod kan modeller som består av en parametrisk linjär del och en ickeparametrisk lipschitzkontinuerlig olinjär del skattas genom att man löser ett konvext optimeringsproblem.</p>

Η παρούσα διατριβή κινείται στο χώρο των Ασύρματα Δικτυωμένων Συστημάτων και έχει ως αντικείμενο τη μελέτη και τη σύνθεση μηχανισμών που βελτιώνουν τη λειτουργία τους. Ο όρος Ασύρματα Δικτυωμένα Συστήματα αναφέρεται στα συστήματα των οποίων τα δομικά στοιχεία συνδέονται μέσω ασύρματων δικτύων, με την έμφαση να δίνεται στα αυτό-οργανωμένα δίκτυα και στα δίκτυα αισθητήρων. Η βελτιστοποίηση και ο έλεγχος ενός Ασύρματα Δικτυωμένου Συστήματος γίνεται με γνώμονα την Ποιότητα των παρεχόμενων Υπηρεσιών του δικτύου, η οποία χρησιμοποιείται ως μέτρο αξιολόγησης και επαναπροσδιορισμού των παραμέτρων λειτουργίας αυτού. Προσεγγίζοντας το θέμα από την οπτική γωνία του δικτύου, οι μηχανισμοί που είναι υπεύθυνοι για τη βελτιστοποίηση της λειτουργίας των Ασύρματα Δικτυωμένων Συστημάτων, αποστασιοποιούνται από την ανάπτυξη νέων πρωτοκόλλων για τα διάφορα επίπεδα του μοντέλου αναφοράς Ανοιχτής Διασύνδεσης Συστημάτων. Για τον λόγο αυτό, αναφορικά με το μοντέλο αναφοράς Ανοιχτής Διασύνδεσης Συστημάτων, το ζήτημα της βελτιστοποίησης της λειτουργίας των Ασύρματα Δικτυωμένων Συστημάτων προσεγγίζεται από τα ακραία επίπεδα της στοίβας πρωτοκόλλων, και συγκεκριμένα από την οπτική γωνία του Επιπέδου Εφαρμογής και του Φυσικού Επιπέδου. Στο Επίπεδο Εφαρμογής το ενδιαφέρον επικεντρώνεται στην διασφάλιση των περιθωρίων ευστάθειας για τα Ασύρματα Δικτυωμένα Συστήματα Ελέγχου. Η διασφάλιση της ομαλής λειτουργίας του συστήματος κλειστού βρόχου βασίζεται σε διακοπτικές δομές ελέγχου, των οποίων οι παράμετροι λειτουργίας καθορίζονται από την Ποιότητα Υπηρεσίας του δικτύου, και συγκεκριμένα από το ποσοστό των επιτυχώς ληφθέντων πακέτων. Στο Φυσικό Επίπεδο εξετάζεται αρχικά το πρόβλημα αποκατάστασης της συνδεσιμότητας μεταξύ των μελών ενός Ασύρματα Δικτυωμένου Συστήματος και στην συνέχεια το πρόβλημα επαναπροσδιορισμού της ποιότητας των ασύρματων ζεύξεων. Οι κεντρικοποιημένοι και κατανεμημένοι μηχανισμοί που αναπτύσσονται για τη βελτιστοποίηση των παραμέτρων της Ποιότητας Υπηρεσίας των Ασύρματα Δικτυωμένων Συστημάτων στο Φυσικό Επίπεδο βασίζονται σε εργαλεία της Υπολογιστικής Γεωμετρίας, συνδυάζοντας τα χωρικά χαρακτηριστικά ενός Ασύρματα Δικτυωμένου Συστήματος με δημοφιλή μοντέλα διάδοσης μεγάλης κλίμακας. Τέλος, η αξιολόγηση των μεθόδων ελέγχου και βελτιστοποίησης της λειτουργίας των Ασύρματα Δικτυωμένων Συστημάτων πραγματοποιείται με την εφαρμογή τους σε κατάλληλες πειραματικές διατάξεις και σε ένα καθορισμένο σύνολο σεναρίων εξομοίωσης. / The primary objective of the present PhD thesis is the analysis and the synthesis of mechanisms and algorithms that optimize the operation of Wireless Networked Systems. The term Wireless Networked Systems is used to describe the distributed systems, whose components are interconnected over wireless networks. Referring to wireless networking, the emphasis is given at the self-organized Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks. The effort made is focused on the reconfiguration of the Quality of Service of the underlying network. From such a perspective, the mechanisms responsible for improving the Quality of Service differentiate from the design of novel, specialized communication protocols. More specifically, with respect to the Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model (OSI-RM), the optimization issues of the Wireless Networked Systems’ operation are examined at the Application and Physical Layer. At the Application Layer, problems related to the guarantee of the stability margins for Wireless Networked Controlled Systems are studied. More precisely, the assurance of the desired performance for the closed-loop controlled system is based on switching control techniques. The optimization decision variables are determined by the network’s Quality of Service parameters. At the Physical Layer the objective is twofold: (a) to establish the physical connectivity among the members of the Wireless Networked System and (b) to optimize of the wireless link’s quality. Based on the combination of the spatial characteristics of the Wireless Networked Systems with large-scale radio propagation models, the centralized and distributed mechanisms, synthesized for the optimization of the network’s Quality of Service at the Physical Layer, exploit effectively concepts adopted by the Computational Geometry. Finally, properly developed experimental testbeds and network simulation scenaria are utilized to examine the efficiency of the synthesized mechanisms for the control and optimization of the operation of Wireless Networked Systems at the Application and Physical Layer.

ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada / Switches are a critical component in any networked FTI data acquisition system in order to allow the forwarding of data from the DAU to the target destination devices such as the network recorder, PCM gateways, or ground station. Commercial off the shelf switches cannot meet the harsh operating conditions of FTI. This paper describes a hardware implementation of a crossbar switching architecture that meets the reliability and performance requirements of FTI equipment. Moreover, by combining the crossbar architecture with filtering techniques, the switch can be configured to achieve sophisticated forwarding operations. By way of illustration, a Gigabit network tap application is used to demonstrate the fundamental concepts of switching, forwarding, crossbar architecture, and filtering.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / This paper seeks to analyze the command and control issues arising from the advent of NCW. It aims to contribute to a practical understanding of the concept and an implementation approach for NCW by attempting to provide an analytical framework, the various options/models, and considerations across the spectrum of NCW issues. While information superiority is not a new concept, the blazing speed of advancement in information technologies has brought about dramatic changes to our lifestyles and profound changes in the conduct of modern warfare. This led to the birth of Network Centric Warfare (NCW). NCW offers great opportunities to dramatically enhance combat prowess by exploiting shared situational awareness, increased speed of command, improved systems' lethality and survivability, and greater flexibility achieved through self synchronization. However, these revolutionary changes do not depend on technology alone. In order to achieve the full promise of NCW, the entire span of elements ranging from organization, doctrine, and operational concepts to training must co-evolve. The success of NCW is dependent on aligning the organization's commitment, resources and efforts, fostering a learning and innovative culture, constructing a seamless, robust and secure infostructure, and establishing measures of effectiveness of C2. The journey to NCW is not a linear process, but rather a spiral developmental process. Continued evolution and efforts are required to shape and deliver the enhanced combat capability as the apex of maturity of the spiraling cone. / Lieutenant Colonel, Republic of Singapore Air Force

No description available.

prepared by: Michael Athans [et al.] / Description based on: Sept.1981/Sept.1982. / Prepared under contract ONR/N00014-77-C-0532 (NR 041-519 and NR 277-300x).

La conception des systèmes de contrôle-commande souffre souvent des problèmes de communication et d’interprétation des spécifications entre les différents intervenants provenant souvent de domaines techniques très variés. Afin de cadrer la conception de ces systèmes, plusieurs démarches ont été proposées dans la littérature. Parmi elles, la démarche dite mixte (ascendante/descendante), qui voit la conception réalisée en deux phases. Dans la première phase (ascendante), un modèle du système est défini à partir d’un ensemble de composants standardisés. Ce modèle subit, dans la deuxième phase (descendante), plusieurs raffinages et transformations pour obtenir des modèles plus concrets (codes,applicatifs, etc.). Afin de garantir la qualité des systèmes conçus par cette démarche, nous proposons dans cette thèse, deux approches de vérification formelle basées sur le Model-Checking. La première approche porte sur la vérification des composants standardisés et permet la vérification d’une chaîne de contrôle-commande élémentaire complète. La deuxième approche consiste en la vérification des modèles d’architecture (P&ID) utilisés pour la génération des programmes de contrôle-commande. Cette dernière est basée sur la définition d’un style architectural en Alloy pour la norme ANSI/ISA-5.1. Pour supporter les deux approches, deux flots de vérification formelle semi-automatisés basés sur les concepts de l’IDM ont été proposés. L’intégration des méthodes formelles dans un contexte industriel est facilitée, ainsi, par la génération automatique des modèles formels à partir des modèles de conception maîtrisés par les concepteurs métiers. Nos deux approches ont été validées sur un cas industriel concret concernant un système de gestion de fluide embarqué dans un navire. / The design of control-command systems often suffers from problems of communication and interpretation of specifications between the various designers, frequently coming from a wide range of technical fields. In order to address the design of these systems, several methods have been proposed in the literature. Among them, the so-called mixed method (bottom-up/top-down), which sees the design realized in two steps. In the first step (bottom-up), a model of the system is defined from a set of standardized components. This model undergoes, in the second (top-down) step, several refinements and transformations to obtain more concrete models (codes, applications, etc.). To guarantee the quality of the systems designed according to this method, we propose two formal verification approaches,based on Model-Checking, in this thesis. The first approach concerns the verification of standardized components and allows the verification of a complete elementary control-command chain. The second one consists in verifying the model of architecture (P&ID) used for the generation of control programs.The latter is based on the definition of an architectural style in Alloy for the ANSI/ISA-5.1 standard. To support both approaches, two formal semi-automated verification flows based on Model-Driven Engineering have been proposed. This integration of formal methods in an industrial context is facilitated by the automatic generation of formal models from design models carried out by business designers. Our two approaches have been validated on a concrete industrial case of a fluid management system embedded in a ship.